Transcript Changing States of Matter

Changing States of Matter Notes
10/9/12
Next Entry in your science journal
6.P.2.2 Explain the effect of heat on
the motion of atoms through a
description of what happens to
particles during a change in phase.
Remember this …
• Thermal Energy Heat energy
• Vibrate A rapid, back and forth motion
• ….OK we need to add a little more “energy” to
Thermal Energy
Add this title to the top of your
notes…
Changing States of Matter
A Physical Property
Add this your notes…Cornell Notes
Thermal Energy: The total energy of a
substance’s particles due to movement or
vibration. Something hot will have more
thermal energy than when it is cool.
*Adding or removing thermal energy
makes matter change states.
Phase Change is a change from one state (solid
or liquid or gas) to another without a change
in chemical composition.
– ice
liquid = phase
change for water.
– water boils
steam = phase change for water.
States of matter Copy this to your notes…
Three common states of matter on earth:
1) Solid
2) Liquid
3) Gas
Fourth state of matter common in the universe:
4) Plasma
States of Matter Review
• A solid is matter that has a definite shape and
a definite volume. Particles are closely packed.
(show video 0 to 2:24)
• A liquid is matter that has a definite volume
but does not have a definite shape. Particles
are more free to move.
• A gas is matter that does not have a definite
shape or a definite volume. Particles are free
to move and move fast enough to bounce off
each other.
(2:24 to 4:04)
(4:04 to 7:57)
States of Matter copy to notes
• Plasma, consider plasma a gas that has been
energized and can give off energy.
– Plasma is not common on earth but the most
common state in the universe.
– Examples: fluorescent lights, the Sun (7:57-847)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wispy_%27
Plasma_Dancer%27_on_the_limb_of_the_
Sun.ogv
• Melting: The change in state of a solid to a
liquid.
– Requires increasing thermal energy so the molecules
vibrate faster.
• Example - The melting point of ice is 0 deg Celsius.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Melting_ice
cubes.gif
• Melting Point The temperature when
melting starts to occur.
(video 8:50-11:09)
• Vaporization: The change in state of a
liquid to a gas.
–
–
–
Requires increasing thermal energy.
Two types of vaporization are boiling and
evaporation.
Example - The boiling point of water is 100oC.
• Vaporization Point The temperature
when boiling or evaporation starts to
occur.
(11:09 – 12:34)
2 kinds of vaporization READ ONLY:
1. Evaporation: Vaporization that happens ONLY
at the surface of a liquid. Due to increasing
thermal energy along with air pressure and
surface tension
1. Example: Water evaporates from a lake or ocean.
2. Boiling: Vaporization that happens at the
surface and below the surface of a liquid. Due
to adding heat to the substance.
1. Example: The boiling point of water is
deg Celsius.
100
• Condensation: The change in state of
a gas to a liquid.
– Requires decreasing thermal energy.
(video 12:35 – 13:06)
• Freezing: The change in state of a
liquid to a solid
– this requires decreasing thermal energy so the
molecules vibrate slower.
– Example - The freezing point of water is 0 deg
Celsius.
• Freezing Point The temperature when
freezing occurs.
(video 13:07 to 13:35)
• Sublimation: Change in state from a
solid directly to a gas.
– Requires increasing thermal energy
–Examples: dry ice, moth balls, snow on
very cold day.
(video 13:35 – 14:25)
Video questions and discussion
(video14:25 to end)
Graphic Organizer
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Increase t _ _ _ _ _ _ e _ _ _ _ _
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Decrease t_ _ _ _ _ e _ _ _ _ _
Using the word bank draw and label this diagram on
changing the states of matter.
Melting, Solid, Condensation, Freezing,
Sublimation, Gas, Vaporization.
Liquid
Changing States of Matter…check your
answers
Sublimation
Melting
Solid
Vaporization
Gas
Liquid
Freezing
Condensation