Condensation Induced Winds presentation 2012
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Transcript Condensation Induced Winds presentation 2012
Overview
Basic Meteorological Assumptions
Traditional Wind Model
Condensation Induced Winds
Derivation
Experimental Evidence
Greater Implications
Future Research
Weather vs Climate
Basic Meteorological Assumptions:
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Ideal Gas Law
Adiabatic Expansion
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Ideal Gas Law
Adiabatic Expansion
Increase in volume without heat flow in or out of the volume
H
e
i
g
(mb)
h
t
apollo.lsc.vsc.edu
Distance (m)
Overview
Basic Meteorological Assumptions
Traditional Wind Model
Condensation Induced Winds
Derivation
Experimental Evidence
Greater Implications
Future Research
Traditional Wind Model
Solar Heating Causes Winds.
Wind is caused by differences in pressure
resulting from differential heating of the
earth’s surface.
Pressure and Temperature
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7o.html
Geostrophic Wind
ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu
Thermal Wind Equation
vg – Geostrophic wind
vT – Thermal wind
f – Coriolis parameter
R – Ideal gas law constant
Overview
Basic Meteorological Assumptions
Traditional Wind Model
Condensation Induced Winds
Derivation
Experimental Evidence
Greater Implications
Future Research
Overview
Basic Meteorological Assumptions
Traditional Wind Model
Condensation Induced Winds
Derivation
Experimental Evidence
Greater Implications
Future Research
Equations of State for Moist Air
Moist air as a whole
Water Vapor
Dry Air
P - pressure
N – molar density
R – molar gas constant
T – absolute temperature
Relative Molar Density of Water Vapor
The process of condensation in the rising
air should be reflected through the
changes in:
Molar rate of condensation per unit volume:
(1)
vertical
condensation
rate
Gravitational
expansion
Horizontal
expansion
- velocity vector directed along the temperature
gradient toward the lower temperature
- vertical velocity
- horizontal velocity
Coordinate System
w0,u0 is considered to be the isothermal plane whereas
w,u is the horizontal plane.
Stationary Continuity Equation
(2)
If we consider:
(3)
(4)
And the conservation of mass for dry air:
We can conclude that:
(5)
(6)
If we assume an isothermal plane, molar
density does not change.
We can combine (1) and (5) with a substitution
from (6) to obtain:
(7)
(1)
(5)
(6)
Using the definition for
(8)
Compact Form:
(9)
:
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Adiabatic ascent of moist saturated air
The only phase transition will be
condensation in the vertical direction.
Looking strictly at isothermal horizontal
plane:
Adiabatic Ascent
Parcel will not rise in a vertically isothermal atmosphere
Adiabatic ascent with a temperature gradient applied in
the vertical direction.
Overview
Basic Meteorological Assumptions
Traditional Wind Model
Condensation Induced Winds
Derivation
Experimental Evidence
Greater Implications
Future Research
Cylindrical Transformation:
Using change of coordinates:
Cylindrical Coordinates
u(r) - radial velocity
w(r) – vertical velocity
v(r) – tangential velocity
U - The velocity of hurricane movement as a whole
also known as translation speed.
Theoretical radial and tangential
velocity vs category 5 data set
o – Data at different levels from twelve observed category 5
hurricanes.
- Median values of data sets.
Data Analysis from Makarieva and Gorshkov
Theoretical Pressure profile vs
Holland’s profile
Theoretical values for pressure vs Holland’s profile
values (empirical).
Overview
Basic Meteorological Assumptions
Traditional Wind Model
Condensation Induced Winds
Derivation
Experimental Evidence
Greater Implications
Future Research
Forestry and Precipitation
“The biotic pump is a mechanism in
which natural forests create and control
ocean-to-land winds, bringing moisture
to all terrestrial life.”
- -Gorshkov and Makarieva 2012
Overview
Basic Meteorological Assumptions
Traditional Wind Model
Condensation Induced Winds
Derivation
Experimental Evidence
Greater Implications
Future Research
Future Research
Add a condensation component from the biotic
pump theory to a climate model.
Jennifer Fowler – Mentor and all around
awesome lady.
Makarieva and Gorshkov – Theory
Authors.
Alex Bulmahn
MSGC (Montana Space Grant
Consortium)
University of Montana Physics and
Astronomy Department