Transcript sense
Sensors And Micro-Controllers SCHOOLS OF ROBOTICS • Mechanical Design • Electronics • Programming . AUTONOMOUS ROBOT WHAT ARE SENSORS ? • Any device that converts a change in physical quantity into electrical signals. TSOP 1738 • It is a Digital IR Sensor. • Works for IR pulse rate 38 KHz. • Pulse rate set by microcontroller. • Accurately distinguish between two colors. • Outputs – 0 and 5 Volts. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM TSOP RANGE INCREASE CIRCUIT ANALOG IR SENSOR • Measures amount of reflected IR light • Outputs in the range of 0V to 5V • Hence, called Analog Sensor CIRCUIT DIAGRAM LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR • Made of calcium Sulphate • Act like open circuit in absence of light • In light, resistance drops from 1 M ohms to10 ohms • Popularly called LDRs. 7805 • Microcontrollers – 5V • Motors – 12V • Converts 8V to 12V into 5V • Rest lost as heat • Current Rating - 0.5 A INTEGRATED CIRCUITS • Programmable – Simplest form of microcontroller • Non – Programmable • E.g. 555, AND gate, OR gate, Mux, Inverters, etc. MICRO-CONTROLLERS • A micro controller is the brain of the robot. • Logic tables relating Input and Output can be defined by you. • Many other useful features built into the IC itself. CONFUSED ? WORKING • Consists of CPU interfaced with RAM and Flash Memory. • Flash memory is Programmable • CPU accesses information from RAM, which gets it from the flash memory ATMEGA 16 ATMEGA 8 PROGRAMMING • Understands only binary language • Code written in C • Used to generate a .hex file • Transfer the .hex file using a programmer I/O PINS • DDRX Registers • PORTX Registers • PINX Registers TIMERS • Timer 0 – 8 bit ( OC0 at PB3) • Timer 1 – 16 bit ( 2 parts, OC1A at PD5 and OC1B at PD4) • Timer 2, 8 bit (OC2 at PD7) • System Clock (fs) • Timer Clock THANK YOU