Transcript Modern Tools - Faculty of Engineering Technology & Research

Name
Enrollment no
Roll no
Dedakiya Harsh
130840106012
36
Parekh Ravi
130840106054
48
Patel Himanshu
130840106035
80
Kanjariya Hiren
130840106017
77
Patel Milin
130840106041
05
Patel Harsh
130840106033
53
Guided by
- Mr. Shivang Dabhi
-Miss Ankita Upadhyay
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THE GPS IS A WORLDWIDE RADIO-NAVIGATION SYSTEM
FORMED FROM A CONSTELLATION OF 24 SATELITES AND
THEIR GROUNFD STATIONS.
SATELITE BASED POSITIONING SYSTEM ARE GENERALLY
USED FOR NAVIGATION PURPOSE AND ALSO FIND
APPLICATION IN SURVEYING.
THE GPS ENABLES THE USER TO LOCATE HIS/HER POSITION
IN THREE DIMENSIONS AS WELL AS WITH RESPECT TO
TIME.
THE GPS IS COMPRISED OF THREE SEGMENT:
SATELITE CONSTELLATION CALLEDSPACE SEGMENTS.
GROUND CONTROL CALLED OPERATIONAL CONTROL
SEGMENT.
USER RECEVING EQUIPMENT CALLED USER EQUIPMWNT
SEGMENT.
Global positioning system
Satellite constellation
Functional segment of GPS
FOR THE PURPOSE OF DISCUSSION, WE
DESCRIBE THE GPS RUN BY THE US
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE.
 THE SYSTEM HAS A MINIMUM OF 24
SATELLITES.
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THE SATELLITES ARE PLACED IN ORBITS
SUCH THAT THERE ARE 6 ORBITS
HAVING 4 SATELLITES.
 EACH ONE NEEDS TO RECEIVE
SIGNALS FROM AT LEAST FOUR
SATELLITES TO UNIQUETLY DETERMINE
THE POSITION OF THE USER.
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SATELLITE CONSTELLATION
GPS RECEIVERS HAVE GREATLY
IMOROVED IN DESIGN AND
ELECTRONICS.
 HEAVY RECEIVERS.
 HAND-HELD RECEIVERS.
 REAL TIME KINEMATIC TECHNIQUE (RTK)
 IN RTK A REFERENCE RECEIVER IS
PLACED AT A POINT OF KNOEN
COORDINATES.
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GPS Receivers
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SOME OF THE USES AND
APPLICATION, GLOBAL, REGIONAL, &
LOCAL ARE AS FOLLOWS.
USES & APPLICATION
NAVIGATION
SURVEYING
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MARINE AND AIR NAVIGATION.
MILITARY AND CIVILIANCE.
THE REGIONAL APPLICATIONS OF GPS INCLUDE:
EXPLORATION
TRANSPORTATION
MANAGEMENT
STRUCTURAL MONITORING
VARIOUS TYPES OF AUTOMATION.
AS A LOCAL APPLICATION:
BERTHING & DOCKING OF LARGE VESSLES.
FOR APPROACHES TO AIRPORTS & HARBOURS, DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL
POSITIONING SYSTEM (DGPS) HAS BEEN DEVELOPED.
GPS Navigation
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TO LOCATE POSITIONS
FOR SURVEYING WORKS
SINCE GPS RECEIVERS NEED TO RECEIVE
SIGNALS FROM SATELLITES, IT IS CLEAR THAT
THE GROUND EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE
PLACED SUCH THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO
RECEIVE SIGNALS FROM SATELLITES,
NOW A DAYS GPS IS FINDING ITS WAY INTO
CARS, BOATS, PLANES, CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT MOVIE MAKING GEAR, FARM
MACHINERY,LAPTOP COMPUTERS ETC.
SOON GPS WILL BECOME ALMOST AS BASIC
AS THE TELEPHONE.
GPS surveying
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REMOTE SENSING MEANS ACQURING
INFORMATION OF OBJECTS FROM A
DITANCE.
SOME OF THE EX. ARE SHOWN ABOVE:
HUMAN EYE
SIGHT
SMELL
HEARING
BIRDS EYE
REMOTE SENSING OCCURS AT A
DISTANCE FROM THE OBJECT.
Remote sensing
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REMOTE SENSING IS THE SCIENCE AND ART
OF OBTAINING INFORMATION ABOUT AN
OBJECT. AREA OR PHENOMENON THROUGH
AN ANALYSIS OF THE DATA ACQUIRED BY A
DEVICE WHICH IS NOT IN CONTACT.
COLLECTING AND INTERPRETING
INFORMATION.
WITHOUT BEING IN PHYSICAL CONTACT.
REMOTE SENSING IS THE METHODOLOGY
EMPLOYED TO STUDY FROM A DITANCE THE
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
OBJECTS.
REMOTE SENSING IS A TOOL SIMILAR
TO MATHEMATICS.
 THE TERM REMOTE SENSING IS
RESTRICTED TO METHODS THAT EMPLOY
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY AS MEANS
OF DETDCTING AND MEASURING
TARGET CHARACTERISTICS.
 AIRCRARFTS AND SATELLITE ARE THE
COMMON PLATFORMS USED FOR
REMOTE SENSING.
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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REMOTE SENSING IS BROADLY
CLASSIFIED INTO TWO CATEGORIES.
CLASSIFICATION
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING
PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING
1) IT USES ITS OWN SOURCE OF
ENERGY.
1) IT USES SUN AS A SOURCE OF
EM ENERGY.
2) THE ENERGY IS DIRECTED
TOWARDS THE OBJECT &
RETURN ENERGY IS MEASURED.
2) THE ENERGY IS RECORDS
&NATURALLY RADIATED &
REFLECTED FROM THE OBJECT.
3) A SYSTEM WHICH UTILIZES
MAN-MADE SOURCES OF
ENERGY FOR DATA
COLLECTION IS CALLED
ACTIVE SYSTEM.
3) IN THIS SYSTEM PHOTOGRAPHS
ARE TAKEN ON A CLEAR
BRIGHT DAY, WITHOUT
ILLUMINATION FROM THE SUN
NO PHOTOGRAPHS CAN BE
TAKEN WITH A CAMERA.
Active & passive learning
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b)
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g)
THE ENERGY SOURCE
INTERACTION OF ENERGY WITH
ATMOSPHERE
INTERACTION OF ENERGY WITH TARGET
RECORDING OF ENERGY BY SENSOR
TRANSMISSION, RECEPTION AND
PROCESSING
INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS
APPLICATION.
Remote sensing process
Different remote sensing process
SOME OF THE APPLICATION AREASNNARE:
1) AGRICULTURE
2) FORESTRY
3) ENVIRONMENT
4) COSTAL MAPPING
5) MARINE APPLICATION
6) URBAN ENVIRONMENT
7) LAND & WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
8) GEOLOGY
9) LAND USE
10) INFORMATION
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Different remote sensing application
GIS IS A DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
THAT PROVIDES MANY FACILITIES FOR
SURVEYOURS AND PLANERS.
 GIS IS A COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WHICH COLLECTS
&STORE SPATIALLY REFERENCED
DATANNWITH OTHER RELEVANT ATTRIBUTES
& ENABLES US TO MANIPULATE,ANALYSE &
DISPLAY IN SUITABLE FORMATS, SUCH
DATA CAN BE USED FOR VARIOUS
PLANNING AND DESIGN PUPOSE.
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TO COLLECT, ANALYSE AND
MANIPULATESPATIAL DATA.
ii. TO PRODUCE MAPS &OTHER PRODUCTS
IN STANDARDIZED FORMATES FOR
DIFFERENT USES.
iii. TO SUPPLY INFORMATION IN USEFUL
FORMATS FOR LOGICAL DECISION
MAKING FOR PLANNERS.
iv. TO SUPPORT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES USING
SPATIAL AS WELL AS NON-SPATIAL DATA.
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GIS MAY BE DEFINED AS A COMPUTER
BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM WHICH
ATTEMPTS TO CAPTURE,STORE,
MANIPULATE, ANALYSE AND DISPLAY
SPATIALLY REFERENCED & ASSOCIATED
ATTRIBUTE DATA FOR SOLVING
COMPLEX RESEARCH, PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS.
Essentials of GIS
HARDWARE
 SOFTWARE
 PEOCEDURE
 DATA
 USERS
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Key components of GIS
FOR ANY APPLICATION, THERE ARE 5
GENERIC QUESTIONS THAT GIS CAN
ANSWERS.
1) WHAT IS AT.............?
2) WHERE IS IT.............?
3) WHAT HAS CHANGED................?
4) WHAT SPATIAL PATTERNS EXIST............?
5) WHAT IF...........?
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SURVEYING & MAPPING ARE THE
PRIMARY AREASNN OF GIS
APPLICATION.
 RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT & DESIGB OF PUBLIC
UTILITY SERVICES ARE AREAS WHERE GIS
CAN OLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE.
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ENGINEERING MAPPING
AUTOMATED PHOTOGRAMMETRY
TAX MAPPING
HIGHWAY MAPPING
FACILITY MAPPING
CENSUS MAPPING, WELL LOG DATA MAPPING
LAND USE PLANNING
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT STUDIES
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT-FOREST,
AGICULTURE ETC
ROTING-HIGHWAY,PIPELINES
URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING.