amazing world of carbon compounds
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Transcript amazing world of carbon compounds
At the beginning of 19th century organic compounds
were defined as
Compounds directly or indirectly obtained from plants
and animals are called as organic compounds
Compounds obtained from minerals are called as
inorganic compounds
A change in defination took place by synthesis of an
organic compound from an inorganic compound
WOHLER converted
Ammonium cyanate to Urea
(inorganic compd)
(org compd)
New defination
Compounds containing covalently bonded carbon atom
or atoms are called as organic compounds
Carbon is covalently bonded with hydrogen oxygen,
halogens, and sometimes with nitrogen and sulphur.
Carbon atomic no 6 shows EC :s 2,4
Valency = 4
Similarly
Nitrogen’s valency = 3
Oxygen’s valency = 2
Hydrogen valency = 1
They have low melting and boiling points
They are generally insoluble in water but soluble in
organic solvents
They are poor conductors of heat and electricity
Methane(CH4)
In this compound one carbon atom is covalently bonded
to 4 hydrogen atoms
C(2,4)
Electron-dot cross
structure
Structural formula
Molecular formula
H(1)
Oxygen molecule(O2) contains 2 covalently bonded
oxygen molecule.
O(2,6)
Electron-dot cross
structure
Structural formula
Molecular formula
Nitrogen molecule(N2) contains 2 covalently bonded
nitrogen atoms
N(2,5)
Electron-dot cross
Structure
Structural formula
Molecular formula
Tetra valency
C(2,4) shows valency=4
Multiple bonding
It can form carbon to carbon
Single bond
C-C
Double bond
C=C
Triple bond
C≡C
Catenation
The property of direct bonding between atoms of same
element to form a chain is known as catenation.
The remarkable property of carbon atom to form bonds
with itself and give rise to a single large struture or chain
is called catenation.
The chain can be straight chain, branched chain or may
have network like structure
Straight chain
struture
Eg
branched chain
network like