Transcript Creating Complete Streets to Accommodate All Users

Creating Complete Streets to
Accommodate All Users
Peter Lagerwey, Toole Design Group
[email protected]
Brian Dougherty, Seattle DOT
[email protected]
International Conference on Urban Traffic Safety
Macro Trends - Examples
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40% (28%) Single Households
60% Non-Traditional
48% 25 to 35 – Urban Future
31% of 16 year olds have
drivers license
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• 50% Major Maintenance
• 3% to 10% New Capacity
• 11% Fatalities; 1.6% of Federal
Funding in USA
• 2% Annual Transit Growth
• Economic Development
(example of Dallas, Tx)
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• 55% of Americans would rather drive
less & walk more
• Transit is growing faster than
population or driving
• About one-third of Americans don’t
drive:
 21% of Americans over 65
 Children under 16
 Low income Americans can’t
afford to drive
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• In 2009, they took 24% more bike
trips than they took in 2001.
• In 2009, they walked to destinations
16% more frequently than they did
in 2001.
• From 2001 to 2009, they increased
their travel on public transit by 40%.
National Household Transportation Survey, Federal Highway Administration
Historical Monthly VMT Report, Federal Highway Administration, May 3, 2011
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 Safety: How to reduce
crashes
 Use: How to increase
walking and bicycling
 Aesthetics: How to
create great people
places
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Countermeasures
Pedestrian Crash
Reduction Factor
(Percentage)
Cost
Mini-Traffic Circles
90
medium
Sidewalks
88*
high
Rectangular Rapid Flash (all roadway users)
80 to 88
medium
Protected Left Turn Phase
70 to 80
medium
Illumination at Pedestrian Crossings
42 to 78
medium
Right In Right Out Driveways
72
low
Medians (un-signalized)
60
high
Crossing Island
56
medium
Marked Crosswalk Alignment
54
high
Medians (with marked xwalk)
46
high
Medians (with unmarked xwalk)
39
high
Parking Restrictions at Intersections
30
low
Road Diet
29
high
Pedestrian Countdown Signal and Timing
25
medium
20 to 29
low
Illumination Along Corridors
25
high
Pedestrian Crossing Warning Signs
15
low
Right Turn on Red Restrictions
10
low
Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI)
5
medium
High Visibility Crosswalk
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PBIC: www.walkinginfo.org
FHWA: safety.fhwa.dot.gov
NHTSA: nhtsa.dot.gov
ITE: www.ite.org
AASHTO/NCHRP: safety.transportation.org
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A Complete Street is safe, comfortable & convenient for
travel via automobile, foot, bicycle, & transit
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A complete streets policy
ensures that the entire right
of way is planned, designed
& operated to provide safe
access for all users.
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A complete streets policy
ensures that the entire right
of way is planned, designed
& operated to provide safe
access for all users.
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Pedestrians
Bicyclists
Transit
Motorists
Travelers of all ages
and abilities
US Access Board
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• A design prescription
• A mandate for immediate retrofit
• A silver bullet; other initiatives must be
addressed:
– Land use
– Environmental concerns
– VMT reduction
• (but complete streets will help!)
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There is no magic formula
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Safe Routes to School
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Shoulder bikeways on rural roads
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Transit routes
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Suburban thoroughfares
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Residential skinny streets
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Low traffic streets
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Historic Main Street
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Are sensitive to the community
Serve adjacent land uses
Serve all who potentially will use the street
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• To change practice,
integrating the needs
of all road users into
everyday
transportation planning
practices
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• To gradually create a
complete network of roads
that serve all users
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• To shift transportation
investments so they
create better streets
now
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• To save money:
In the long run, retrofit
projects always cost
more than getting it
right the first time
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Legislation/ordinance
Internal department policies
Resolution
Ballot & funding measures
Comprehensive plans
Design manuals
Complete Streets Implementation workshop
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1. Sets a vision
2. Includes all modes
3. Emphasizes connectivity
4. Applies to all transportation projects & phases
5. Specifies and limits exceptions, with management
approval required
6. Uses latest design standards & is flexible
7. Is context-sensitive
8. Sets performance standards
9. Includes implementation steps
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• 21% of Americans over 65 do not
drive
• Over 50% of non-drivers stay at
home on a given day because they
lack transportation options
• 54% of older Americans living in
inhospitable neighborhoods say
they’d walk and ride more often if
things improved
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Americans move… without
moving
60% of adults are at risk for
diseases associated with
inactivity:
Obesity
Diabetes
High blood pressure
Other chronic diseases
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Residents are more likely to walk in a
neighborhood w/sidewalks
Cities with more bike lanes have higher
levels of bicycling
1/3 of regular transit users meet minimum
daily physical activity requirement during
their commute
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• Sidewalks reduce pedestrian
crash risk by 88%
• Intersections designed for
pedestrians can reduce crash
risk by 28%
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• Improved mobility for
disabled people and reduced
need for expensive
paratransit service
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A year of paratransit service for a
daily commuter:
$38,500
Making a transit stop
accessible:
$7,000-$58,000
Source: Maryland Transit Administration
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Multi-modal streets:
Increase home values
Revitalize retail
People can leave
their car at home
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