Tri Tran

 INTRODUCTION  CHEMICAL DESCRIBTION  TOXICOLOGY  Used  Effect  Reference  WRITTEN ASSIGMENT

     AGENT ORANGE IS An HERBICIDE AND DEFOLIANT USED BY U.S. MILITARY 1961-1971 in Vietnam war MIXTURE 1:1 OF TWO HERBICIDES 2,4,5-T AND 2,4 D Manufactured for the U.S. Department of Defense primarily by MOSANTO CORPORATION and DOW CHEMICAL The 2,4,5-T used to produce Agent Orange was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) , an extremely toxic dioxin compound

 1:1 MIXTURE OF TWO PHENOXYL HERBICIDES  2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)  2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (also known as 2,4,5-T)

 2,4,5-T was contaminated with a dioxin, 2,3,7,8-

Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD)

   TCDD has been described as "perhaps the most toxic molecule ever synthesized by man".

The National Toxicology Program has classified TCDD as "known to be a human CARCINORGEN” The half-life of dioxins in soil is more than 10 years, and TCDD in human fat tissue is about 7 years.

 the United States military sprayed nearly 20,000,000 U.S. gallons (75,700,000 l)  the goal was to defoliate rural/forested land  12 percent of the total area of South Vietnam had been sprayed  TCDD concentrations in soil and water were hundreds of times greater than the levels considered safe by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

 4 million citizens were exposed, about 3 million have suffered illnesses  Children in the areas have multiple health problems: including cleft palate, mental disabilities, hernias, and extra fingers and toes,  High levels of dioxin were found in the breast milk of South Vietnamese women  The contaminated soil and sediment poisoning food chain and causing illnesses, serious skin diseases and a variety of cancers in the lungs, larynx, and prostate

 the veterans were told not to worry, and were persuaded the chemical was harmless.

 high levels of dioxin in the blood of U.S. military  rates of cancer, and nerve, digestive, skin, and respiratory disorders have increased.  had higher rates of throat cancer, acute/chronic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, soft tissue sarcoma and liver cancer.

 Use Veterans began to file claims in 1977 to the Department of Veterans Affairs => claims were denied  From 1978, several lawsuits have been filed against the companies which produced Agent Orange  Vietnam Association for Victims of Agent Orange/dioxin (VAVA), filed a lawsuit judges dismissed the case

            http://www.science20.com/news_articles/agent_orange_linked_skin_cancer_risk-128602 Buckingham. "The Air Force and Herbicides“ Fawthrop, Tom; "Vietnam's war against Agent Orange", BBC News, June 14, 2004 Fawthrop, Tom; "Agent of Suffering", Guardian, February 10, 2008 Galston, Authur (Feb 1979). "Herbicides: A Mixed Blessing". Bioscience 29 (2): 85–90. doi:10.2307/1307744. JSTOR 1307744. Retrieved 2014-09-13.

http://www.oocities.org/capecanaveral/Hall/1443/agento.html

pellow-2007-159 Tucker, Spencer. Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: Political, Social and Military History. ABC-CLIO, Inc. Santa Barbara. 1997.

Agent Orange blights Vietnam". BBC News. December 3, 1998. Retrieved April 23, 2010.

Hermann, Kenneth J.; "Killing Me Softly: How Agent Orange Murders Vietnam's Children", Political Affairs, April 25, 2006 February 22, 2008 Decision by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals re: Vietnam Association of Victims of Agent Orange v. Dow Chemical Co." . Retrieved 2012-07-07.

"Order List" (PDF). The United States Supreme Court. March 2, 2009. p. 7. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved May 4, 2010

 An informational pamphlet