OilPerm TM FMMs – Formation Fluid Mobility Modifiers

Presenter’s Name Date

Safety topic

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Opportunity

 Better Wells – Improved production over the life of the well  Optimized Fluid – Reservoir Interaction – Better treatment fluid mobility – Enhanced liquids recovery  Enhanced Effective Fracture Network – Formation Fluid Mobility Modifier – Lower threshold pressure to initiate fluid movement in fracture network – Enhanced hydrocarbon mobility in the fracture network

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What is important?

OilPerm FMMs are designed to: - minimize adsorption, - lower surface tension, - reduce interfacial tension, - alter contact angles, - wet surfaces, - Lower capillary pressure and - break oil/water emulsions - Mobilize fluids in the fracture network and reservoir - Enhance hydrocarbon production But how does one choose which OilPerm FMM is best suited for their reservoir and stimulation fluid characteristics?

© 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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OilPerm

TM

FMMs (Formation Fluid Mobility Modifiers)

 Complex blends of solvents, wetting agents, and demulsifiers – Nanofluids, micro-emulsions, carrier fluids, cationic, anionic, amphoteric, non-ionic  Currently available for well treatment customization are: – OilPerm FMM 1-8  Physical Properties of OilPerm FMMs Determined (Technology): – appearance, specific gravity, flash point, pour point, freezing point, contact angle, surface tension, CSI score, ionic charge, chemical compatibility and chemical description

OilPerm FMM Appearance Charge Flash Point (°F) Pour Point (°F) Contact Angle Surface Tension (dyn/cm) CSI Score

OilPerm FMM-1 light amber liquid OilPerm FMM-2 light yellow liquid OilPerm FMM-3 light yellow liquid OilPerm FMM-4 light yellow liquid OilPerm FMM-5 amber liquid OilPerm FMM-6 light yellow liquid OilPerm FMM-7 light amber liquid OilPerm FMM-8 light yellow liquid non-ionic cationic non-ionic anionic anionic non-ionic non-ionic anionic 70 93 86 73 64 84 93 83 -33 -4 -31 -18 -40 -40 -4 -40 20.2

26.3

26.3

17.2

12.5

22.0

25.0

15.5

32.5

34.7

28.0

32.8

34.7

28.8

31.0

33.3

841 341 508 363 676 524 453 488

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RockPerm

SM

service – Column flow testing

Included well and treatment specific components :       Fracturing water Broken stimulation fluid formulation Offset oil – from customer Proppant Formation cuttings – from customer OilPerm FMM choices

Increased Water Recovery & Increased Fracture Treatment Depth

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OilPerm

TM

FMM’s advantages:

 Prevent water blockages  Maximize treatment fluid recovery  Improve well production

Oil Oil Front 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 5 10 OilPerm FMM 15 Time (min) 20 25 Conventional chemistry © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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Why fluid mobility is important !

OilPerm TM FMMs enable deeper fluid movement within the fracture network due to reduced adsorption OilPerm FMMs

© 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

8 Conventional chemistry

Minimized adsorption!

2 gpt Conventional chemistry 2 gpt OilPerm FMM © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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OilPerm

TM

FMM benefit – Case study

Wolfberry formation Permian basin

100000 16000 90000 80000 70000 60000 Gas - OilPerm FMM Gas - Other Oil - OilPerm FMM Oil - Other 14000 12000 10000

Data normalized to: • Perforation scheme • Fluid volume • Proppant volume

50000 8000 40000 30000 20000 6000 4000 35 % increase in Oil Production 2000 10000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Production Time, Months 9 10 11 12 0 350% increase in Gas Production © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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Summary

Unconventional formations face two major challenges:

 Maximizing the recovery of treatment fluids – OilPerm FMMs improve displacement of treatment fluid from reservoir fracture network and the propped fracture to enable increased hydrocarbon flow in the fracture network  Improve production of liquid hydrocarbons – OilPerm FMMs enhance mobilization of liquid hydrocarbons and increase relative permeability of the reservoir to oil

© 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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For more information

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