Transcript Human Reproduction

Human Reproduction:
Reproductive Anatomy
LG 2: Understanding of Reproductive Anatomy
SC: I can Identify 8 Male Reproductive Organs
SC: I can identify 8 Female Reproductive Organs
SC: I can explain the functions of reproductive organs
LG 3: Understanding of the Travel Path of the Sperm & Egg
SC: I can diagram the travel path of the Sperm
SC: I can diagram the travel path of the Egg
SC: I can explain Menstruation and it’s stages
Reproductive System Overview
• Reproduction: Making New Offspring
• Males Make Sperm (Male Sex Cell)
– 23 Chromosomes donated to child from Father
• Females Make Eggs (Female Sex Cell)
– 23 Chromosomes donate to child from Mother
• Conception: When the Sperm Fertilizes the Egg
– Internal process (Mammal)
Reproductive System Overview:
Hormones
• Hormone: Natural Chemicals that act as messengers
which help the body work properly. These flow with
the blood in the blood stream.
• Sex Hormones: Hormones (gender specific) that
trigger change in the body (like puberty), and are
responsible for the production of Sex Cells.
– Male Sex Hormone: Testosterone
– Female Sex Hormone: Estrogen, Progesterone
Reproductive Terminology
• Genital: The parts of the reproductive system that
are outside of the body.
• Semen: Thick, Whitish Fluid that carries and
nourishes Sperm.
• Gland: The parts of the body which produce
important fluids
• Gonad: The sex glands. Gonads make Sex Cells (Eggs
& Sperm) and Sex Hormones
– Male: Testicles
– Female: Ovaries
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System:
Organs & Functions
• Penis: The organ of the male genitals. Responsible for
transmission of semen to the Vagina.
• Testicle: Male gonads. Testicles are found in the
scrotum and they make sperm and produce
testosterone. (Also called testes)
• Scrotum: the sac that holds the testes and is
responsible for regulating temperature.
Male Reproductive System:
Organs & Functions
• Epididymis: Coiled tube, connected to the testicle.
Once sperm are made, they are stored for
maturation in the Epididymis.
• Vas Deferens: The tube that carries mature sperm
from the Epididymis into the body.
• Seminal Vesicle: Glands on each of the vas deferens
that make some of the liquid part of semen
Male Reproductive System:
Organs & Functions
• Prostate Gland: Gland under the bladder that makes
some of the liquid part of the semen.
• Cowper’s Gland: Glands attached to the Urethra that
make a discharge which lines the urethra during an
erection. This fluid protects the sperm as they leave
the body.
• Urethra: the tube that carries Semen (and urine) out
of the body.
Male Reproductive System:
The Penis—a Deeper Look
• Shaft: The long, skin-covered part of the penis
• Head: The nerve-filled part at the end of the penis
(glans penis)
• Foreskin: The sleeve of skin around the Head of the
penis. It is sometimes removed.
• Circumcision: An operation to remove the foreskin
from the penis.
• Flaccid: A state in which the penis is not erect
• Erection: the penis fills with blood becoming larger
and harder, preparing for ejaculation.
The Travel Path of the Sperm
1) Testicle: Sperm Production
2) Epididymis: Sperm Maturation
3) Vas Deferens
4) Prostate & Seminal Vesicle: Sperm to Semen
5) Urethra & Cowper’s Gland
6) Penis
...and then...
EJACULATION!
• Ejaculation: The release of Semen from the Penis.
• Ejaculate: syn. Semen
• Pre-Ejaculate: Fluid secreted by Cowper’s Gland
• 40 Million to 600 Million Sperm per each Ejaculation
• Occurs at average speed of 28 mph
• In a lifetime, men will produce 14 gallons of Sperm
Female Reproductive System
External View
Female Reproductive System
Internal View
Female Reproductive System:
Internal Organs & Functions
• Fallopian Tubes (Uterine Tubes): The ducts that carry
an Ovum (Egg) from the Ovary to the Uterus
• Ovary: Female Gonad. Glands on either side of the
Uterus where egg cells are stored and female
hormones are made.
Female Reproductive System:
Internal Organs & Functions
• Vagina: The “tube” leading from the Uterus to the
outside of the female’s body. This is also called the
Birth Canal
• Cervix: The opening of the Uterus to the Vagina
• Uterus: The organ where the fetus grows until birth.
Female Reproductive System:
External Organs & Functions
• Clitoris: The part of the female genitals that is nervepacked—much like the penis head.
• Labia (Majora & Minora): Folds of skin in the fmale
genitals that protect the openings to the Urethra and
Vagina.
• Hymen: The think skin that partly covers the opening
to the vagina. It may be absent in some females.
Female Reproductive System:
Other tid-bits
• Vulva: Term for Female Genitals
• Urethra: Tube that cares urine out of the body
• Ovum: syn. Egg
• Discharge: Liquid/Fluid. Usually describes normal
wetness of the vagina or abnormal wetness that may
come from an infection in the Penis or Vagina
The Travel Path of the Egg
1) Ovary: Storage & Maturation
2) Fallopian Tube: Egg Carried to the Uterus
--Conception or Menstruation–
3) Uterus: Egg embeds in Uterine Lining
4) Cervix:
5) Vagina (Birth Canal)
Menstruation: YOUR PERIOD
• Menstruation: Process in which the Uterine Lining is broken
down and discharged. Also called the Period.
• Menstruation occurs on a 28 day (averaged) Cycle.
• Days 1-5: The Uterine Lining is discharged from the body
• Days 6-13: The Uterine Lining begins to build back up in
preparation for Ovulation.
• Days 14-17: OVULATION: the Ovum travels through the
Fallopian Tube to be fertilized by the Sperm.
• Days 18-28: If the egg is not fertilized, the Uterine Lining
begins breaking down in preparation for expulsion.
Menstruation: YOUR PERIOD
• Most girls will have their first period between the ages of 1016
• Most girls will be about 100 lbs. when it happens.
• The PERIOD will last between 2-7 days
• Tampons (inserted into the Vagina) and Pads should be
changed often, as they can be Odorous...and it’s not a bad
idea to carry an extra with you if you think your PERIOD is
coming.
• You CAN be active during your PERIOD
– In fact, being active can help alleviate Cramps and Bloating
• The average cycle is 28 days—once a month—but can vary
– An irregular period is normal for Pubescent