Transcript Clauses and Punctuation - Ms. Maletz and Mrs. Dettelbach

Clauses and Punctuation
Clauses can be described with more specificity,
but for the purpose of understanding
punctuation, this is simplified.
Basic Definitions
• Subject – The subject is the person, place,
thing, or idea that is the topic of our
comment.
• Predicate – The comment we are making
about the subject
• Clause – Any construction that contains a
subject/predicate relationship
Clauses
• Independent Clause (IC) An independent
clause is any clause that can stand alone as
a complete sentence. An IC has a subject
and a predicate.
• Dependent Clause (Also known as a
Subordinate clause) (DC) Like and IC a
dependant clause has both a subject and a
predicate, but unlike an (IC) a (DC) cannot
stand by itself as a complete sentence.
Examples of independent
clauses
• She walked
• They learned to dance
• The sky was blue
Examples of Dependant
clauses
• Although taxes are too high
• Because I am tired
• If the building burned to the ground
Dependant clause often
begin with prepositions
• The most common prepositions are "about,"
"above," "across," "after," "against," "along,"
"among," "around," "at," "before," "behind,"
"below," "beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond,"
"but," "by," "despite," "down," "during," "except,"
"for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near,"
"of," "off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over,"
"past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till,"
"to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until,"
"up," "upon," "with," "within," “while” and "without
• Look these up on line!!!
A DC that is not correctly
attached to an IC is called
a fragment
• After the store closed for the
evening.
• Near the alley behind the trashcan.
• Underneath the bed growling.
• While you were sleeping soundly.
• Until I tell you to go.
Sentence Types
• Sentence types are the
classifications of sentences based on
component IC’s and DC’s
Simple Sentences – One
(IC) and NO (DC)
•
•
•
•
Example:
Sally walked her dog.
Henry is tall.
Sally and Henry walked the dog and
laughed.
• Sally walked to the store and bought
candy.
Compound Sentence
Two (IC) s and NO (DC) - These
sentences will be joined by a
conjunction (using a comma)or a semicolon (;)
= and, but, or,
nor
Compound Sentence
Examples
• Alice walked to the store, and she
bought an ice cream.
• Her favorite music is rap, but she
also listens to country.
• Alice walked to the store; she bought
an ice cream.
Complex Sentence
• One (IC) and one or more (DC)s - If
the (DC) precedes the (IC) a comma
is used between the clauses. If the
(IC) precedes the (DC) no comma is
needed.
Example Complex
• Walter doesn’t like to ski since he
broke his leg.
• Since he broke his leg, Walter
doesn’t like to ski.
• After failing French, Maurice studied
harder because his mother was angry.
Compound/Complex – Two or
more (IC)s and one or more
(DC)s
• Since he broke his leg, Walter
doesn’t like to ski, but he likes to
hike.
• Ms. Maletz enjoys hip hop while Mrs.
Dettelbach jams to classic rock, but
they both love to dance.