A brief overview of theory and application

   Awareness Expectations/Commitment Knowledge

 Academic interest  Adjunct for Central Community College - LIS program  BSA  NLLI, ARL/OLMS, etc.

 Leaders aren’t always who we think they are.

 Groups/Teams/Committees  Defining leadership broadly

 Opposing fields/Opposing terminology  Mostly semantics

   Leadership v. management Inspiring people You can be either or both!

• Formal and informal leadership roles.

• Defined Roles • “Ad Hoc” Roles

 No single "best" style of leadership.    

Telling Selling Participating Delegating

Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K. H. (1969). Life cycle theory of leadership .

Training and Development Journal

, 23 (5), 26–34.

 First published in 1965 

Forming



Norming



Storming



Performing



Adjourning/Mourning

Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Development sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63, 384 399 Tuckman, B.W. & Jensen, M.A.C. (1977) Stages of small group development revisited. Group and Organizational Studies, 2, 419-427

 Five Steps of Group Development 

Polite



Why we’re here



Bids for Power



Cooperation/Constructive



Esprit

Charrier, G. O. (1972). Cog's ladder: a model of group development. Advanced Management Journal, 37(1), 30–37.

Tubbs  Orientation  Conflict  Consensus  Closure Tubbs, Stewart. (1995). A systems approach to small group interaction. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995. Fisher  Orientation  Conflict  Emergence  Reinforcement Fisher, B. Aubrey. (1970). Decision emergence: Phases in group decision making. Speech Monographs, 37, 53-66.

 Tuckman 

Forming



Norming



Storming



Performing

 Why?



The Immature Group

 High enthusiasm and motivation  Low in Skills  “Honeymoon Period”

What to expect

 Responsibilities  Lots of questions   Processes or lack thereof Testing

Specific Group Member Responsibilities

 Accepting the new team identity  Learn the group's mission     Commitment to group goals Getting to know one another Friendliness and concern about others.

Participate in goal setting

Leader Directed



High task



Low relationship



Listen



Introduce



Communicate

Forming requires Explaining



The Fractionated Group

 Low enthusiasm AND still low in skills  Decisions don't come easily within group

What to expect

  Establishment Challenges   Uncertainties Cliques and factions

Specific Group Member Responsibilities

 Focus on commonalities, not the differences  Listen actively and attentively   Support environment for expression of ideas Manage disagreements

Directed Coaching



High task



High relationship

Specific Leader Actions

 Provide   Restate Create

Storming requires

Demonstrating



The Sharing Group

 Rising enthusiasm/growing skills  Sense of identity  Cooperation and integration

What to expect

 Agreement and consensus  Delegation   Commitment Shared Leadership

Specific Group Member Responsibilities

 Appreciation of differences  Recognition of group success   Use feedback Greater involvement

Follower Directed/Motivating



Low Task



Low Relationship

Specific Leader Actions

   Solicit Encourage Provide

Norming requires Guiding



The Effective Team

 High enthusiasm and high skills  Commitment within the group  Energized

What to expect

 Shared vision  Focus   Autonomy Changing needs

Specific Group Member Responsibilities

 Take on more of the team's business  Letting the team leader operate at the  boundaries of the team Share in group accomplishments and productivity

 

Directed Mentoring

Low Task Low Relationship

Specific Leader Actions

 Providing   Rewarding Celebrating

Performing usually requires Enabling

 A closure of the group/team process.  Personal relations may be disengaged  Job tasks might be terminated

  High-performing Deforming   Reforming Mourning

 Many theories, many similarities  Limitations  Strengths

Charrier, G. O. (1972). Cog's ladder: a model of group development. Advanced Management Journal, 37(1), 30–37.

Chodash, S. & Ryan, R. (2012) The Leading EDGE/The Teaching EDGE. http://www.neic-woodbadge.org/ Accessed May 2012.

Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K. H. (1969). Life cycle theory of leadership. Training and Development Journal, 23 (5), 26–34.

Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Development sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63, 384-399 Tuckman, B.W. & Jensen, M.A.C. (1977) Stages of small group development revisited. Group and Organizational Studies, 2, 419-427 University of Kentucky Office of Student Activities, Leadership, & Involvement (n.d.) Group Dynamics. www.uky.edu/GetInvolved/Leadership/pdf/Group%20Dynamics.pdf. Accessed May 2012.