Transcript Epigraphy - Teach & Text

Epigraphy
Optional Course MA/MPhil Ancient History
Leiden University
2014-2015
1st semester
Instructor: Dr F.G. Naerebout
[email protected]
www.epigraphy.eu
1. Summary
 Epigraphy = the study of intaglio texts in hard, non-organic
material and more or less related stuff [for a full view of textual
evidence from archaeological sources you have look beyond
epigraphy]
 Epigraphy deals with any text that answers to the formalist
criteria [the contents of inscriptions show a very wide range –
even though some genres, such as epitaphs, predominate]
 Epigraphy for the present purpose is Greek & Latin epigraphy,
dealing with inscribed alphabetic texts of the 8th c BC-7th c AD
[there are many other epigraphies]
 Our purpose is to know and understand what epigraphers do in
order to be able to critically use the published texts that
epigraphers provide us with
2. Some issues for the epigraphist
 Paleography (letter shapes, direction, (lack of) punctuation,
symbols)
 Language, esp. non-standard language (Dialektinschriften, socalled ‘vulgar’ language etc)
 Ancient abbreviations
 Damage to the carrier: incomplete texts
 Chronology (ancient dating systems: eponyms, eras etc)
 How to find comparable texts: mettre en série
 Interpreting the text: typology, commentary, translation
paleography
abbreviations
ANN
ANT
ANTON
AP
AQ
AR
ARG
ARM
AU
AUG
an(nos) n(umero), Ann(ae), ann(i), ann(is), Ann(ius), ann(norum), ann(nos), ann(o), ann(onae),
ann(orum), ann(os), ann(os), ann(um), ann(uo), ann(uus)
Ant(iana), Ant(igona), Ant(iochensis), ant(istes), Ant(oni), Ant(onia), Ant(oniae), Ant(onina),
Ant(onini), Ant(oniniana), Ant(oninianae), Ant(oniniani), Ant(onino), Ant(oninus), Ant(onio),
Ant(oniorum), Ant(onius)
Anton(i), Anton(iae), Anton(inae), Anton(ini), Anton(iniana), Anton(inianae), Anton(ino), Anton(inus),
Anton(io), Anton(ium), Anton(ius)
a(edilicia) p(otestate), a(gro) p(edes), a(nno) p(rovinciae), a(ram) p(osuit), Ap(ollinaris), Ap(parante),
Ap(paratu), ap(pellantur), Ap(pi), Ap(pius), Ap(riles), Ap(ronius), Ap(ulensis)
Aq(ua), aq(uae), Aq(uarum), Aq(uensis), Aq(uilae), Aq(uileia), Aq(uileiensium), aq(uilifer), Aq(uilino),
Aq(uincensis), Aq(uincensium), Aq(uinci), Aq(uinco), Aq(uinici), Aq(uis), Aq(uitanorum)
a(chivo) r(itu), a(uxiliares) R(ipenses), ar(ae), ar(am), ar(as), ar(bitratu), Ar(elapensis), ar(gentariorum),
Ar(gentarius), ar(genti), ar(gutum), ar(ietes), ar(matura), Ar(meniaca), Ar(meniaci), Ar(meniacus),
ar(millis), ar(morum), Ar(nensi), Ar(rio), Ar(rius), Ar(runtis), ar(tificis), Ar(uns), Ar(vernorum)
arg(entaria), arg(entariarum), arg(entarii), arg(entariis), arg(entarius), arg(entea), arg(enteam),
arg(enteas), arg(enteis), arg(enteo), arg(enteos), arg(enteum), arg(enti), arg(entiam), arg(ento), arg(uta)
ar(a)m, Ar(meniacus) m(aximus), arm(atura), Arm(eni), Arm(eniaci), Arm(eniaco), Arm(eniae),
arm(illis), arm(ilustrium), arm(is), arm(orum)
a(r)u(lam), Au(g(usto)), au(gur), Au(gusta), Au(gustae), Au(gustas), Au(gusti), Au(gusto), Au(gustus),
Au(reli), Au(relio), Au(relius), Au(relus), au(ro), au(t), Au(usti)
Aug, Aug(austae), Aug(gustorum), Aug(uasti), aug(ur), aug(uri), aug(uribus), aug(uris), Aug(ust),
Aug(ust, Aug(usta), Aug(ustae), Aug(ustae, Aug(ustale), Aug(ustales), Aug(ustali), Aug(ustalia),
Aug(ustalibus), Aug(ustalis), Aug(ustalis, Aug(ustalium), Aug(ustam), Aug(ustano), Aug(ustarum),
Aug(ustas), Aug(ustas), Aug(uste), Aug(usteo), Aug(usti), Aug(usti), Aug(usti, Aug(ustiano),
Aug(ustibus), Aug(ustis), Aug(ustis), Aug(usto), Aug(usto, Aug(ustoduno), Aug(ustorum),
Aug(ustorum, Aug(ustum), Aug(ustus), Aug(ustus
479–478 BC
Xanthippos
478–477 BC
Timosthenes
477–476 BC
Adimantos
476–475 BC
Faidon
475–474 BC
Dromoklides
474–473 BC
Akestorides
473–472 BC
Menon
472–471 BC
Chares
471–470 BC
Praxiergos
470–469 BC
Demotion
469–468 BC
Apsefion
468–467 BC
Theagenides
467–466 BC
Lusistratos
466–465 BC
Lusanias
465–464 BC
Lusitheos
464–463 BC
Archedemides
463–462 BC
Tlepolemos
dating
lacunae and conjectures
4. Issues for the end-user of epigraphic
publications
 HOW TO FIND and HOW TO PUT TO USE the appropriate
texts
 HOW TO FIND A TEXT:
 HOW TO FIND VARIANT EDITIONS/ TRANSLATIONS/
RELATED TEXTS: mettre en série, contextualize
4.1 HOW TO FIND = a bibliographic issue:
François Bérard et al., Guide de l’épigraphiste. Bibliographie
choisie des épigraphies antiques et médiévales, Paris 2010
Editions Rue d’Ulm [4th ed] ISBN 978-2-7288-0443-6
4.1.1 Bibliography: where are inscriptions (re-)
published?
 Individual or grouped
in journals and in monographs
 As part of some corpus of inscriptions
comprehensive
florilegium
regional
thematic
[Other: reference to or paraphrase of an inscription, possibly of
interpretative importance]
4.1.2 Bibliography: how to find a published
inscription
– Texts quoted or referred to by others
(“I want to see for myself what X refers to”)
• establish source and trace the text(s)
• find older/newer publications, commentaries,
translations etc by way of concordances/databases
– Texts as yet unknown (to you)
(“is there any epigraphic evidence for…?”)
•
•
•
•
by provenance
by date
by material characteristics
by subject
4.1.3 Leiden University Library & LCC
Subclass CN
• CN1-1355 Inscriptions. Epigraphy
• CN120-740 Ancient inscriptions
• CN750-753 Early Christian inscriptions
• CN755 Medieval inscriptions (General)
• CN760 Modern inscriptions (General)
• CN805-865 By language
• CN870-1355 By region or country
and scattered across the A-Z classes in the reading rooms…
4.1.4 Databases
• see portal at www.epigraphy.eu
• for latest developments, see:
http://www.trismegistos.org/index2.php
4.1.5 Tools
• Modern abbreviations
• Geography/toponymy
• Typology
4.2 HOW TO USE = knowledge of
publishing conventions
• The ideal edition: components
• The editorial sigla
4.2.1 The ideal edition
Example:
Nr, title, image
Date
Measurements,
description
Provenance
Bibliography
Transcription
Translation
Commentary
4.2.2 Editorial conventions, editorial
sigla
The 1931 Leiden System
adapted Krummrey & Panciera 1980/Panciera 1991
adopted by the l’Année Épigraphique since 1991,
and by the current editors of IG and CIL
Reading uncertain
Letter damaged too badly for restoration
Older editions have ?
Letters that can be read, but do not make sense
Letters that have been seen by a previous editor, but are no
longer visible
Ligatures
Letters missing and supplied by the editor (conjecture)
An expanded abbreviation ( ) abbreviation impossible to
expand
Letters or symbols represented differently on the stone
e.g. reversed letters
symbols like 7 or > for centurio, centuria
|_ for Greek etos, etous etc
Correction by the editor
Older editions may have [ ]
Letters included by mistake and removed by the editor
Older editions may have < >
Letters ommitted by mistake and added by the editor
Older editions may have ( )
Letters erased on purpose in Antiquity
Letters inscribed in an erasure
Letters added in Antiquity to correct or supplement a text
Approximately 5 letters missing
A space of approximately 5 letters purposively left blank in
Antiquity
[------]
------]
[------
Lacuna of unknown length
(also indicated with an unbroken line)


Indicates the direction of the original
text
|
|5 |10
||
Indicates the division of lines in the
original text; with a superscript line
number for every 5th line (or a bold
bar); a double bar for a major break in
the original text
(ds = disegno etc)
Lacunae and conjectures
Pausanias, Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις (Hellados Periēgēsis)
(2nd c AD)