Transcript Warm Up - Ms. Chambers' Biology

Warm Up
Warm Up
Using the
mRNA codon
diagram
determine what
amino acids
would match the
following
codons?
1. UGG
2. GAC
3. CAU
4. UCG
Mutations Notes
What happens when there are
changes in genetics?
Mutations
• Mutations are changes in DNA that affect
genetic information- may be lethal,
harmful, helpful, or have no effect on an
organism
• Example: inserting an incorrect base or
skipping a nucleotide
Mutations
Two Type of Mutations
–Gene mutations
• Changes in 1 single gene
–Chromosome mutations
• Changes in whole chromosome
Gene Mutations
• There are different types of gene mutations
• 1st type is called a Point Mutation
– These are when only 1 nucleotide is affected.
• Example: Substitution
–When 1 nucleotide is substitute for
another
–This only tends to alter 1 amino acid
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/hemomutant.gif
Gene Mutations cont
• Another point mutation is Insertion
– When an extra base/nucleotide is added
• The last type of point mutation is Deletion
– When a base/nucleotide is removed
• Insertion and Deletion are Frameshift
Mutations
– This affects much more than 1 amino acid, it
affects all amino acids after the mutation!
Gene Mutations cont
Deletion
Substitution
Insertion
Chromosome Mutations
• There are four types of Chromosome Mutations
– Deletion
• When part of the chromosome is lost or removed
– Duplication
• When part of the chromosome repeats itself
– Inversion
• When part of the chromosome gets reversed
– Translocation
• When part of one chromosome trades places with part of
another chromosome.
Chromosome Mutations Cont.
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
Template DNA SEQUEN CE
PROTEIN
gene
DISEASE
tacgagtgtaagtaccggagactgtcgctccttcttcacacacta
tacctacataagtactttcct gaaagtttccggttcctccctcaa
Presenilin 2
Synuclein
Laforin
Leptin
BRCA 2
Dystrophin
PS2
SNCA
EPM2A
OB
BRCA2
DMD
Alzhei merÕs
ParkinsonÕs
Epilep sy
Obesity
Breast cancer
tacgcgaaggcgaaaccccaccaccacggtgggcggcaccggccg
tacgtaaccccttgggacacgcctaagaacaccgaaaccgggata
tacggataacctaggtttctctcc ggttgtaaaaaactttaa aaa
tactttttata gtaccgacctaacgttgtttggttgtcacttttc
tacttccaagacacccgacgcaacgaccagtgtaaggaccgtcc Apolipoprotein E
t
APOE
Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy
Atherosclerosis
Homework
Define vocabulary words on your
learning targets sheet. Try to use
multiple words in each sentence.