Transcript Colibacillosis - European Food Safety

Colibacillosis
F5+ group of E.coli
Pili serogroups K99, K88, F41,
987P, F18.
ST and LT enterotoxins
Inadequate colostrum
Sow agalactia
Viruses, coccidia
Clinical signs colibacillosis
Nursing attempts by littermates
Diarrhea- non odorous, non bloody
Shivering, cold
Piling up
Dehydration
Differentiate:
Septicemia
Clostridium perfringens type C
Coccidiosis
Edema disease
Treatment of colibacillosis
Intraperitoneal glucose, fluids
Oral gentamicin, neomycin
Provide supplemental food
Feeding neonates
10 to 30% of body weight
Gavage
Mix whole milk with evaporated milk or
cream
Supplemental solid starter with plasma
PROVIDE WATER
Alkaline stool pH (>7.4)
Prevention of colibacillosis
Count teats/piglets-cross foster
Cull sows with MMA, check sow diets
Dietary changes
Vaccinate
Commercial vaccines
Autogenous bacterins
Autocthonous vaccination
Warmth, hygeine
Delay iron injections
Swine edema disease
Sudden death or CNS signs in weaned
piglets
Fastest growing pigs
Sporadic, and then endemic; 5 to 45%
morbidity
Etiology - enteric toxemic E. coli
Bacterium survives in moist crevices,
water nipples
High soy protein diet
Swine edema disease
E. coli F18+ secretes verotoxin VT2e
Attaches to enterocyte receptors
Enterocyte receptors unexpressed in
sucklers
Toxin absorbed produces edema
5 to 45% case attack rate
Bacteria survive disinfection
Edema disease Signs
Peracute form
Found Dead
Swelling around eyes
Acute form
Squealing
Circling or pivoting
Convulsions
Normothermic
Facial and subcutaneous edema
Diarrhea
Management of Edema Disease
100% mortality- Treatment in ineffective
Susceptibility of E. coli needed
Food additive- Tetracycline,
Spectinomycin, Mecadox
Increase food fiber, decrease soy protein
20% oats in feed
Autogenous bacterin
Water based modified live vaccine
Purchase F18+ resistant pigs
Fumigate, or disinfect with Quaternary
ammonium, Clorox in waterers
Transmissible
Gastroenteritis(TGE)
Acute epizootic disease of swine.
Sows - acute fever, vomition, anorexia and
agalactia, recovery in 4 to 5 days
Piglets - Severe intractable diarrhea,
dehydration.
Acidic stool pH
~100% death losses in piglets; 0% losses in
sows
TGE Facts
Etiology = Corona virus
1 gene different from the respiratory corona
virus of swine
Labile at 72 C, stable at freezing
Well managed herds
Clinical course = 2 to 3 days
Sows shed virus in milk for up to 2 weeks
Infection becomes sporadic after initial
outbreak
More on TGE
Villus denuded, and lactose
unabsorbed
Osmotic diarrhea, shortened intestinal
villi
Immunity due to lactogenic IgA
Vaccines stimulate IgG
Birds, mice, rats, dogs, cats,
veterinarians feed trucks can transmit
Eliminate with test and eradicate, all in
all out, MEW or SPF pig facility.
TGE Lesions
• TGE
Normal
TGE
Coccidiosis
 Patency early in
swine (1 to 3 weeks)
 Isospora suis
 4 to 5 day life cycle in
pigs. Oocysts
infective by 12 hours
in summer
 20% mortality,
sporadic infections
 Check all diarrheas
Amprolium treatment
with a fecal flotation
Farrowing crate sanitation
critical
Students:
How would you differentiate:
Colibacillosis from coccidiosis?
Colibacillosis from edema disease?
Edema disease from coccidiosis?
Edema disease from Clostridium
perfringens type C?
Clostridium perfringens
type C
Acute diarrhea and death< 1week of age 5 to
20% morbidity
Sharp demarcation
Infection from dam shortly after birth
Jejunal proliferation
bad
Intestinal necrosis
Fibrinous bloody diarrhea
Peracute death (100%)
good
Peritonitis
Mass medicate with lincomicin or tiamulin
Vaccinate sows; antiserum to piglets ugly
Ascaris suum (roundworm)
 Thick shelled egg long lived in
soil
 Development and 1 molt
L2
in egg
 Ingested (native or worm) molts
in small intestine
 Burrows goes to liver and molts
L3
 Migrates to lungs (4 to 6 dy),
coughed
 Swallowed, molts 2 x to adults
Milk spots
Hepatic fibrosis
Lung lesions
Sowschwitz
Adult Ascarids
Normal pig
Clinical signs ascarids
Unthrifty
Cough
Thumps
Ascites
Clay colored stool
Worms in stool or vomitus
Colic, obstipation, Jaundice
Diagnosis and treatment of
ascariasis
Fecal egg count (>500 epg)
Necropsy
Treat L2’s with pyrantel
L3’s in liver with fenbendazole
L3’s in lung with FBZ or thiabendazole
L4’s in intestine with ivomec, pyrantel,
fenbendazole, dichlorvos
Adults with any of the above plus piperazine
Prevention ascarids
Worm and shampoo sows prior to
farrowing
Wean piglets at 3 weeks of age
Banminth
Clean pens and pastures Q3 weeks
Rotate pastures Q 3 weeks
Trichuris suis
Extremely common
Pastured pigs
21 day scours (Post pasturing), non patent
infections, cramping, bloody scours
Mostly asymptomatic
Direct life cycle
Atgard, fenbendazole
Raise pigs on concrete
Swine salmonellosis
Common among feeder pigs
Mixed source groups are particularly at
risk
3 types:
S. typhimurium type B -bloody scours,
rectal strictures
S. choleraesuis type C1-bloody scours
secondary to Hog Cholera
S. typhisuis type C2 -swine adapted
granulomatous colitis and pneumonia
Clinical signs of swine
salmonellosis
Fever, purplish lividity
Bloody scours
Acute death
Rectal stricture
Pyogranulomatous
colitis
Treatment/management
salmonellosis
Treat with Ceftiofur or Nuflor
Segregate or euthanize affected pigs
All in-All out, MEW, SPF, disinfect
premises with bleach
Autogenous bacterin
Pot bellied pigs may be treated with
amikacin, timentin.
Lawsonia intracellularis
Common small intestinal disease (96%
herds positive)
Swine, horses, late feeder period
Syn = Proliferative enteropathy, necrotic
enteritis, regional ileitis, proliferative ileitis,
proliferative enteritis
Gram negative, obligate intracellular
desulfovibrio family
Lawsonia infection
Infection at 2-3 wks, prolonged shed,
growers adults affected, stress related
Clinical forms
“Johne’s like” form of chronic wasting,
hypoalbuminemia, and loose stool
Acute fevers scours, with or without
hematochezia. Mortality >10%.
Fever, anorexia and dark stool in adult swine
Pathologic lesion = thickened intestine; PCR
test diagnostic
Treat with food tylosin or lincomycin
“Hosepipe gut”
Swine dysentery
Highly contagious
Feeders 6 to 8 weeks of age and adults
Prevalent in California
Large bowel infection by Serpulina
(Brachyspira) hyodysenteriae
Intestinal anaerobes enhance disease
Swine dysentery
Serpulina survives in manure 6 to 8
wks @<30F, and for 1 to 2 hr >98F
In dogs for months, birds, mice, and
humans
In pigs for years
Clinical signs
Acute, fever, bloody scours
Fibrinous casts
Sepsis, purplish discoloration of the ears
Exsanguination (15 to 50% mortality)
Diagnosis swine dysentery
Cecal scrapings
darkfield - spiral shaped Pathologic lesions restricted
to colon
bacteria
Victoria Blue R stains of
intestinal sections
Differentiate from
Serpulina pilosocoli and
S. innocens
6 Strains of S. hyos.
Hemolysin and
enterotoxin
Treatment of Swine
Dysentery
Tiamulin
Mecadox
Lincomycin
Virginiamycin
NOT dimetridazole
Injection of lincocin for sick pigs
Drug delayed-enhanced forms of disease
Control of swine dysentery
Rodent, dog, bird, cat, human control
essential
Blitz treat (metaphylaxis) herd 30 days
Shampoo pigs and disinfect with 0.5%
Clorox
Move to new pen
Fumigate or quaternary ammonium
disinfectants
Pallor
Gastric ulcers
Feeder pigs and boars
Cause unknown
“Coffee grounds” vomitus
Scant “road ashpalt” stool
Pallor, and depression
Characteristic blood loss
hemogram
Stool
Intestinal Obstructions
Peach pits
Skewers
Sofa cushion
Tar paper
Christmas
wrapping
Dead babies
Signs of obstructions
Colic
Lethargy
Obstipation
Vomition
Anorexia
Tachycardia