Transcript Summary of NSF Surface Analysis Workshop

Summary of NSF
Surface Analysis Workshop
Kettering University, Flint, Michigan
23-27 June 2003
Ronald Kumon
Summer 2003
Purposes of Workshop
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Provide an overview of a variety of surface
analysis techniques and their applications
Expose participants to “cutting edge”
experimental equipment
Share ideas for hands-on experiments that
are primarily suitable for inclusion in an
undergraduate curriculum
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Monday
Schedule
: Overview, facilities tour,
optical microscopy
Tuesday
: Vibrational spectroscopy
(Raman and IR)
Wednesday: Electron spectroscopy
(ESEM, ESCA/XPS)
Thursday : Scanning probe microscopy
(STM, AFM)
Friday
: Conclusion and evaluation
Participants
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9 participants: 6 chemistry, 3 physics
Professors, postdocs, graduate students
Universities, colleges, community colleges
Instructors
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Prof. Bahram Roughani, Physics
Prof. Diana Phillips, Chemistry
Mr. Robert Cunningham, Lab Coordinator
Information from Surfaces
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Elemental
composition
Chemical composition
Morphology
Surface homogeneity
Crystalline structure
Elastic properties
Electrical properties
Examples of Applications
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Microelectronics
Catalysis
Nanotechnology
Drug Delivery
Fuel Cells
Corrosion
Coatings and
Adhesion
Applicable Courses
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Modern Physics
Materials Characterization
Physical Chemistry
Polymer Chemistry
Surface Analysis (special topics)
Undergraduate Research
Graduate Research
Experimental Considerations
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What do you want to know?
How fast do you need the answer?
How much do you want to spend?
Is the sample vacuum compatible?
Does the sample absorb radiation?
Do you need certain temperatures,
pressures, or chemical environment?
How stable is the sample’s surface?
Vibrational Spectroscopy
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Infrared (IR) absorption
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Provides information
about chemical bonding
Done in transmission or
reflection
Raman scattering
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Provides information
about chemical bonding,
crystalline structure, etc.
Weaker than dominant
Rayleigh scattering
Comparison of Spectra
Water
vibrations
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Spectra are typically complementary
IR Laboratory
Thermo Nicolet Avatar 360 FT-IR
Example of IR spectrum
Raman Laboratory
Side view of Raman spectrometer
Sample holder and microscope
Electron Micro-/Spectroscopy
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Environmental
Scanning Electron
Microscopy (ESEM)
Electron Spectroscopy
for Chemical Analysis
(ESCA), a.k.a., X-ray
Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (XPS)
ESEM
ESCA
ESEM Laboratory
Environmental SEM and EDX system
Sample images
ESCA Laboratory
Front view of ESCA system
Top view of ESCA system
Scanning Probe Microscopy
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Scanning Tunneling
Microscopy (STM)
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STM
Probability of electron
tunneling varies
exponentially from tip
Atomic Force
Microscopy (AFM)
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Sensitive to force
between surface and tip
Tip deflection measured
by laser beam deflection
of cantilever
AFM
STM Demonstration
View of probe tip through magnifier
Top view of STM
AFM Demonstration
Pacific Nanotechnology AFM system
AFM probe tips
AFM NDE Imaging
Magnetic F.M. with Legos
Laser beam deflection changes when arm moves over magnets
Polymer Applications
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IR, Raman for uncured adhesive samples
IR, Raman, ESCA, ESEM, AFM for cured
adhesive samples
Several samples of uncured and cured
epoxy left at Kettering for further analysis
Examples of various techniques shown on
the next slides
IR analysis of adhesion
Identification of adhesive material
Raman imaging of epoxy
Raman image of thin film of rubber-toughened epoxy resin at 1665 cm-1
[Garton et al., Appl. Spectrosc. 47, 922-927 (1993)]
ESCA of adhesion
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Painted plastic
parts were
glued to body
of vehicle
Samples with
more Si tended
to fail more
often
(from U. W. Ontario Surface Science web site)
ESEM and EDX analysis of cured epoxy
AFM Imaging of Polymers
LFM
PCM
Structured polymer (topo+LFM)
Block co-polymer (topo+PCM)
Conclusion
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Learned about surface analysis techniques
Exposed to ideas for adding surface
analysis methods into undergraduate and
graduate curriculum
Met other physicists and chemists
Obtained some ideas about potential
directions for future research
Acknowledgments
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National Science Foundation
Georgia State University
Kettering University
University of Windsor
Presentation archived at:
http://ron.kumonweb.com/pro/research.html