Transcript Open archives in the evolving information space

Open Archives in the Evolving
Information Space – Libraries
and the Global Perspective
Panel on Open Archives, Self-archiving and Free Access: the
Brazilian Perspective
12th National Seminary of University Libraries Recife, Brazil
22/10/02
Jessie Hey University of Southampton, England
TARDis e-Print project http://tardis.eprints.org
Southampton where the Titanic sailed from … and
cars and containers and other liners come quickly in
and out
Also home
to the
National
Oceanographic
Library on the
Waterfront
Campus
Journey across the globe towards the
sun?!
Southampton Waterfront
Campus 16 Oct
Delayed in Lisbon 20-21 Oct
Early morning
Sun in Recife!
CERN, Geneva 17-19 Oct
En route to Recife
Talk Outline for Our Open Archives
Journey
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Evolving academic information space
The catalysts for open access
Subject based open archives
Being supplemented by institutional open
archives – options and opportunities with
examples from Europe and the UK
Opportunities for added value
Librarians to the rescue?
And I’ll bring in some examples of key workshops which
illustrate our theme
Building a global ‘collaboratory’
• The academic world is increasingly global and
collaborative and needs the tools to support this
• …..center without walls, in which researchers can perform
their research without regard to geographical location –
interacting with colleagues, accessing instrumentation,
sharing data and computational resource, and accessing
information in digital libraries
Kouzes et al (1996) Collaboratories – doing science on the
internet Computer, 29(8), 40-46
How to get there
• Developing an infrastructure for data – the GRID
– Other people will wish to use the same data so we need
tools to preserve and access it
• Developing a the infrastructure for documents
through ‘hybrid’ libraries:
– Traditional and digital
– Commercial and open (free and interoperable) access
– Bibliographic and full text
The end of the journey?
• Finally data and documents will be intertwined
and easily accessible
• They will be an integral part of the academic work
space just as the World Wide Web is today
• But the Web will acquire meaning and become the
Semantic Web
• Open Archive metadata standards are a part of that
journey
Many catalysts for open archives
• e.g. Open Archive Initiative (OAI) – 1st meeting in
Santa Fe, New Mexico 3 years ago
• Now have an significant solution for open
(interoperable) archives in OAI-PMH v 2
(Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) June 2002
• Laid down rules which make search services for
many distributed archives possible
• Your database needs to be OAI-compliant!
Budapest Open Access Initiative
http://www.soros.org/openaccess
• Launched 14th February by George Soros’s Open Society
Institute
• Worldwide coordinated movement dedicated to freeing
online access
• Even wealthier institutions afford a small and
shrinking proportion of the 4 million articles a
year
The BOAI
• Providing universities with the means through
institutional self archiving
• Providing support for new alternative journals
offering open online access
• Open societies need open access
To keep up to date
Peter Suber keeps up to date with all these
activities with the Free Online Scholarship
Movement
Read his FOS newsletter and now weblog
And his Timeline to appreciate the real
momentum for self archiving!
Subject-based Archives
• Pioneering example is ArXiv set up by Paul Ginsparg in
1991
• Based on a culture of High Energy Physics preprints - trad.
Science journal so slow and expensive
• I helped produce the paper listing at CERN in the 70s for
circulation around the world the old-fashioned way
• Now needs a librarian’s eye to improve the subject
navigation, formats and interface as it is used also by nontechies
• Other archives now like CogPrints and RePEc - Working
papers in Economics - but not a huge number
• All 3 here started by enthusiasts
arXiv – server weekly usage
Red - Number of connections in each week
Blue - Number of hosts connecting that week (divide by 10 for correct number)
Green - Number of new hosts that week (divide by 10)
eScholarship
The California Digital Library (created 1997) started
producing some discipline based archives: as they produce
more they see that both subject and institutional archives
will emerge and complement each other.
They might, for example, have a branded research centre site
and a central repository – TARDis will be exploring these
ideas too
They may contain a variety of e-Prints from preprints through
conference papers through journal articles through
teaching materials or even data (as planned by MIT)
Institutional Archives
• Reawakening to value of greater access to an
institution’s research
• Essential increase in visibility of our intellectual
output
• A preservation role (like our traditional archivists)
– I have papers that my colleagues who collaborated with me cannot
read or do not have a copy of because we do not subscribe to that
journal (highlighted by the UK Research Assessment Exercise)
– From our departmental database Google will find it if we have self
archived it
2nd Workshop on the Open Archives Initiative
(OAI): Gaining independence with e-print
archives and OAI 17-19th October in Geneva
Where
the web
was born
A lively European meeting and
oversubscribed
• Aim: To guide individuals and institutions interested in
pursuing open access solutions to scholarly communication
but also an update on progress…
• Presentations on the web and webcast and a bibliography
http://documents.cern.ch/age?a02333
One of the conclusions:
• Less emphasis needed now on underlying technology eg
Open Archive Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
(OAI-PMH) which provides the vital interoperability
framework.
Publishers making themselves
OAI – compliant
• Institute of Physics:
We are pleased to
confirm that we have adopted this standard
here at Institute of Physics Publishing and
metadata records for our article abstracts are
now available in Dublin Core. They can be
‘harvested’ from our server on request.
August 2002
Search engine adds OAIcompliant databases
• Scirus.com, the web search engine for scientific
information launched by Elsevier Science in 2001, has
now made 4 additional OAI sources available to its
users.
• Next to arXiv.org, already available since the beginning
of this year, Scirus now includes NASA (incl. NACA and
LTRS), CogPrints, The Chemistry Preprint Server (CPS),
and The Mathematics Preprint Server (MPS). The data
were added by using the OAI-PMH protocol.
• Scirus now offers its users 107 million science specific
pages, including over 17 million proprietary records that
cannot be found using generic search engines
September 2002
Open Archives Forum disseminates
information about European activity
• An Aim: stimulating building of an open archives
infrastructure in Europe
• Found country activity in:
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy,
Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
and 20 countries were at Geneva workshop
• 2nd Workshop – Open Access to Hidden Resources Lisbon
Portugal 5-7 Dec 2002
for Libraries and Archives to explore viability of open archive
approach
Entering another phase
• Many enabling technologies, standards, and
protocols to support institutional repositories
already exist e.g. the OAI-PMH protocol to
enable interoperability
• The World Wide Web is taken for granted as part
of the infrastructure
Supporting Software
• Software such as EPrints from IAM group
University of Southampton is free
• Pioneered by Prof. Stevan Harnad
to further the cause of self-archiving
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EPrints 2 developed by Chris
Gutteridge
Eprints mailing lists indicate takeup is global and new users
feedback into Eprints (e.g. language)
We’re not alone
• The Case for Institutional Repositories: a
SPARC position paper – prepared by Raym
Crow July 2002
Supplemented by:
• SPARC Institutional Repository Checklist
and Resources Guide October 2002
Cultural and management issues
come to the fore
• Libraries poised to play a pivotal role –
learning how……..
• Institutional Repositories: a Workshop on
Creating an Infrastructure for FacultyLibrary Partnerships October 18th 2002 in
Washington, DC
• Involvement can bring a new closer bond
between library and faculty
Example of UK planned activities to
increase access to scholarly assets
• FAIR programme for a Focus on Access to Institutional
Resources
• Inspired by the vision of the Open Archives Initiative
(OAI) that digital resources can be shared between
organisations based on a simple mechanisim allowing
metadata about these resources to be harvested into
services
• To support the disclosure of institutional assets:
To support access to and sharing of institutional content
within Higher Education and Further Education and to
allow intelligence to be gathered about the technical,
organisational and cultural challenges of these processes…
FAIR programme
• £3 million on 14 projects starting August
2002
• Clusters:
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Museums and Images
E-Prints
E-theses
IPR
Institutional portals
UK Focus on Access to
Institutional Resources – e-Prints
• TARDis: Targeting Academic Resources for
Dissemination and dISclosure
• SHERPA: broader - Consortium of Research
Libraries – filling archives and joint infrastructure
• HaIRST: A testbed for Scotland
• ePrints-UK : also investigating subject structure
using Dewey classification (with OCLC in USA)
TARDis
• Providing exemplar institutional archive at
Southampton – practising what we preach and
building on the software and advocacy examples
provided by Southampton people
• Combining self-archiving (including departmental
archives) and an institutional archive (mediated by
the library)
• Feeding back new demands of each into the
EPrints software as librarians (not techies)
New opportunities for added
value services
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Using search services e.g. Arc and OAIster, Scirus
Could also have more specific subject ones
Navigation using services such as CiteBase
Finding references e.g. ParaCite
New services we haven’t thought of yet
Incorporating search engines which find all that is
available on both the visible and invisible web….
A place for new search engines
• The MALIBU prototype search engine incorporated a web
search engine as well as databases chosen by librarians to
fit different subject profiles
• We now are seeing large scale search engines such as
Scirus which search Elsevier and other commercial
databases as well as the web (with FAST)
• The BBC searches its own databases for news and
programmes and the web - suitably filtered (with Google)
• We will need more of these that can bring us everything
whether open archived or not and give us choices!
• Alternatively make your library OAI compliant e.g. CERN
(1st Oct 2002)!
Some possible roles for ‘Hybrid’
Libraries and ‘Hybrarians’
• Setting up open archives with the academics to support
their scholarship and complement traditional library
resources e.g. DSpace at MIT in the US
• Being an essential part of the process of adding metadata –
search services have rejected databases with poor metadata
• And/or supporting self-archiving and providing added
value services
e.g. my publications can be automatically added from the departmental
Electronics and Computer Science database to my homepage
• Teaching academics how to produce papers in electronic
form and advising on formats and systems for preservation
• and thank you from
Southampton,
England and good luck
with your archives and services – don’t be left behind!
• Jessie MN Hey [email protected]
http://tardis.eprints.org/