Transcript Slide 1
Power System Simulator Demands for Multiple Control Center Training Mikhail Nesterenko IEEE WGOT Workshop Orlando, FL December 6-7, 2011 Motivation and Requirements • complex interconnected power systems require management of multiple teams of operators in day-to-day and emergency conditions – adequate training is essential – potential training session types • cooperation • joint system management under non-emergency conditions • emergency response • competition • simulation requirements – high fidelity is essential: instructor may be remote cannot help trainee deal with simulation deficiencies and limitations – need to provide networked training – support variety of industry SCADAs Outline • • • • • Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges Monitor Electric Introduction • founded in 2003, core team together since early 90-ies HQ in Pyatigorsk, Russian Federation (RF) 130+ employees • target market: information systems for control centers in electric power industry • lines of business: software development, sales and 24/7 support • products: – SCADA/EMS product line CK-2003, CK-2007, CK-11 installed in all RF System Operator control centers (CDO, IDO, RDO), all RF nuclear plants, Federal Grid Company offices and some individual utilities in RF and abroad – operator training simulator Finist – electronic logbook, the standard for operational record keeping in RF power companies – online event and bids recording and clearance software for an electric power management system FINIST • • advanced operator training simulator power system model – models transitional and long-term system dynamics (200 ms down to 14 ms integration steps) – continuously computes dynamics and loadflow on basis of it – no theoretical limitations on size, computed 40,000 bus system in real-time – sophisticated tools for adapting the model for specific power system – CIM/GID from the ground up • training – role-based, with dedicated role workplaces – multi-control center support – sophisticated scenario development and execution • functionality – ease of integration with industry SCADA/EMS – its own GUI – model navigation processor • installations: 60 control centers in RF System Operator, United Dispatch Agency of Belarus, pilot in the US Finist Roles & Workspaces users in interact with Finist in roles; for each role Finist offers a workplace – a set of conveniently arranged tools; during training session Finist can play back pre-configured scenarios of faults or other external events training time roles and workplaces • trainee – operator workplace presents standard tools for operator to control the system, used for backup of SCADA interface • instructor – conducts training, provides responses of peer operators; workplace allows to start/stop/speedup simulation, launch scenarios, introduce disturbances, etc. • examiner – evaluates training; workplace automates evaluation, maintains log, shows and plots “ground truth” system parameters, accumulates aggregate statistics about trainee’s performance configuration workplaces • technologist - configures and debugs technological parameters of a training session; catalogues scenarios and scenario components for quick access and reuse; contains two main components: • scenario editor - configures and debugs a training scenario • initial case editor – designs and troubleshoots starting case, presents the power system as hyper-linked set of objects 6 FINIST Architecture server side client side IEC 870.5.104 IPC, OPC rtdbcon external clients SCADA/EMS Finist server processing modules interface modules external control center representation and communication module computation engine simulation time module GID-compliant application HDSA GES GDA FINIST clients training session clients HSDA module Finist Agent scenario playback module Trainee’s Workplace GES module HDSA GES GDA protection relay and other equipment simulation modules Examiner’s Workplace Instructor’s Workplace GDA training session configuration package scenario XML GDA server system state instantiation XML power system model CIM configuration clients scenario editor Technologist’s Workplace initial case editor 7 Finist Multi-Site Training Setup SCADA/EMS Finist server examiner OPC HSDA/GES trainees instructor HSDA/GES site B IPC phone communication trainees trainees SCADA/EMS SCADA/EMS site A site C 8 Outline • • • • • Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges Demo Power System: Finist Energy Finist Energy (FE) • 3525 MW generation, ~4500 MW load • 7 power plants (nuclear, hydro, coal, gas) • 54 substations (138, 230, 500 kV) • 5 regions: Center, East, North, South, West • 5 flowgates • synchronous condensers, shunt reactors and capacitors, SVC, phase-shifters neighbors • Interconnection: 90 GW gen. 79+ GW load • Balancing Areas 1. 3.5 GW generation, 3.2 GW load 2. 3.2 GW generation, 3.2 GW load 3. 4 GW generation, 3.1 GW load Interconnection 500 kV Balancing Area-2 500 kV 500 kV Finist Energy 230 kV 230 kV Balancing Area-1 500 kV 500 kV 230 kV 230 kV Balancing Area-3 Finist Energy Overview Diagram 500 kV 230 kV 138 kV substation substation substation nuclear powerplant thermal, hydro powerplant thermal powerplant energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency 82 active power flow 48 reactive power flow neighbor area 137 flowgate Finist Energy Overview Diagram FE Regions North East Center West South 500 kV 230 kV 138 kV substation substation substation nuclear powerplant thermal, hydro powerplant thermal powerplant energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency 82 active power flow 48 reactive power flow neighbor area 137 flowgate Finist Energy Overview Diagram Neighboring Areas 500 kV 230 kV 138 kV substation substation substation nuclear powerplant thermal, hydro powerplant thermal powerplant energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency 82 active power flow 48 reactive power flow neighbor area 137 flowgate Finist Energy Overview Diagram Powerplants 500 kV 230 kV 138 kV substation substation substation nuclear powerplant thermal, hydro powerplant thermal powerplant energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency 82 active power flow 48 reactive power flow neighbor area 137 flowgate Outline • • • • • Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges Transitional Process Modeling simulation time increment external events from other modules incoming event processing • transitional dynamics – models rotation of each generator rotor with separate system of differential and linear equations – allows greater fidelity in simulating critical events: islanding, topology changes, emergency system states – requires significant computational resources and time, traditionally not modeled • long-term dynamics system model parameter adjustment no topology change? yes conversion to bus-branch form island processing thread transitional dynamics powerflow calculation powerflow calculation differential equation integration differential equation integration model state publication to next time period – assumes all rotors in same island rotate with the same speed, rotor acceleration is averaged across island – may lead to lack of powerflow convergence, incorrect system behavior – faster, simpler to simulate long-term dynamics model state info to other modules Flowgate 2 • • • contains two lines – Interconnection-Tidd 500 kV line – Delaware-Crook 230 kV line connects East, South, BA-2 and BA-3 to rest of the system reliability constraint: 750 MW in either direction 500 kV 230 kV 138 kV substation substation substation nuclear powerplant thermal, hydro powerplant thermal powerplant energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line energized line de-energized line 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency 82 active power flow 48 reactive power flow neighbor area 137 flowgate Example Contingency • loss of 500 MW generation unit at BA-3 overloads Flowgate 2: ~750 MW flows East • breaker CB-10 at substation Tidd is under scheduled maintenance • potential transformer at 500 kV Bus 1 at Tidd explodes • bus protection system de-energizes Bus 1, opens connected breakers: – tripping Interconnection-Tidd 500 kV line – leaving Flowgate 2 with only Delaware-Crook 230 kV line • critical contingency: lack of state stability, • rest depends on simulation method: 1. long-term dynamics only: forces powerflow computation convergence, leads to unrealistic single-island state with large voltage drop across Delaware-Crook 230 kV line 2. transitional processes, no out-of-step protection: all generators in East area trip out due to loss of synchronism 3. transitional processes, protection engaged (realistic): out-of-step relay executes at Delaware-Crook, line trips out, splitting system into two islands: main and East (with over 1000 MW deficit) 1. Long Term Dynamics Only active powerflow across Delaware-Crook, MW 3180 A generator trips at BA-3 Interconnection -Tidd trips after Interconnection-Tidd 500 kV line trips • power flow across remaining Delaware-Crook 230 kV line goes from ~12 MW to over 843 MW (unrealistic) • system remains connected, no generator trips, no swings, no outages active powerflow across Delaware-Crook, MW 2. Transitional Processes, No Relays Interconnection -Tidd trips generator trips at BA-3 500 kV line trip causes • out-of-step operation, • critical current swings across Delaware-Crook 230 kV line, • all East region generators eventually trip, system remains connected active powerflow across Delaware-Crook, MW 3. Transitional Processes, Relay Engaged generator trips at BA-3 Interconnection -Tidd trips relay islands East 500 KV line trip leads to • out-of-step relay at Delaware-Crook 230 kV line detects out-of-step operation and trips the line • system splits into two islands Outline • • • • • Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges Demo Multi-Control Center Configuration Laptop 1 responsibilities • maintains voltage and reactive powerflows in the region • does operational switching on 138, 230 kV lines, substations, powerplants Laptop 2 FE Simulation Support Computing Center Finist server instructor responsibilities • maintains area interchange, frequency regulation • coordinates powerflow across 500 kV lines, implements switching on 500 kV substations and powerplants • contingency analysis, reliability maintenance Laptop 3 Wi-Fi FE South Regional Control Center trainee FINIST Operator’s Workplace (emulating remote SCADA) FE Central Dispatch third party SCADA trainee Example Training Session: East Split after outage Finist Energy split into two islands: main and East (with ~1200 MW deficit) FE Central Dispatch operator’s actions: Regional Control Center operator’s actions: • requests 200 MW generation pickup at BA-3 • • requests 200 MW load shedding at BA-2 orders New Tech Plant and Philo Plant to emergency generation pickup at 110% capacity • assigns load frequency regulation at East island to BA-2 • sheds 50 MW load at Torrey substation • resynchronizes with main island by closing Delaware-Crook line breaker at Crook • eliminates low voltages by switching on banks capacitors Outline • • • • • Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges Multi-Center Training: Lessons and Challenges • advantages compared to single site – significantly greater realism of operator’s work environment: no visual feedback – only SCADA/EMS and phone communication – distributed training sessions are not as disruptive to operator work schedule • distributed training session preparation – instructors from multiple sites need to participate in initial case and scenario preparation and troubleshooting • instructor cannot keep up with controlling and evaluating multiple trainees operating at once – split roles: instructor/examiner – automate examiner’s functions: separate workplace – examiner at every site • to engage lower level operators (substations, powerplants) – need to incorporate switching simulator • data model too complex for instructor – hard to understand: two many levels for dispatcher at any level to be familiar with – need to hide complexity – hard to control: upper levels rely on lower-level human operators for details – need to replace with sophisticated scenarios • need to balance system realism with usability – realistic power plant pickup takes hours; – acceleration throws protection systems and generator controls off track major goal: maximum effectiveness of operator training Thank you Any questions?