Transcript IPM of Insect Pest - cultivatingsuccess.org

IPM of Insect Pests and
Disease
Sustainable Small Farming
and Ranching
Adapted from original presentation by
D. P. Muehleisen, Evergreen State College
What is IPM?

There are many different definitions
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Key concepts: Pests and management
Integrated pest management is a sustainable
approach to controlling insect pest populations
that combines (PAMS)
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prevention,
avoidance,
monitoring
suppression
strategies in a way that minimizes economic, health, and
environmental risks.
History of IPM
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Early years, pesticide
based – some feel it
was more “Integrated
Pesticide
Management”
Now moving towards
ecosystem based
Key concept: integrate
numerous of
compatible control
strategies to maximize
population stabilization
Prevention
 Various
practices that
keep pests from infesting
a production site (i.e.
field, orchard, or
greenhouse)
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Examples
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Using pest free seed or transplants
Field sanitation
Eliminating alternative hosts
Avoidance
 When
pests are already present in the
general area, but pest impact can be
minimized through various cultural
practices.
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Crop rotation
Crop choices
Trap crops
Adjusting planting schedule
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Early planting, late planting, not planting
Resistance traits
Fast maturing varieties
Monitoring
 The
key component to any IPM
program
 Proper identification of pest – know
your enemy
 Monitoring
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Traps
Weather monitoring
Soil testing, when appropriate
 Record
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program
keeping
Pest incidence and distribution in each field
Suppression
To avoid economic loss, population suppression
technique may be necessary
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Cultural practices
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Baited or pheromone traps
Exclusion devices
Row covers
Biological Control
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No-till or strip till
Cover crops or mulches
Companion planting
 Allelopathic properties
Physical suppression
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Mating disruption
 Pheromone
 Sterile release
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Conservation
Augmentation
Chemical/biopesticide
control
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Considered a last resort
Evaluate Cost to benefit ratio
Problems with pesticides:
The pesticide treadmill
 Resistance
 Resurgence
 Secondary
 Residues
pests
What does Resurgence and
Resistance look like?
The Basic Elements of an IPM
Program
Know crop growth cycle
Know the pest
Combine methods
Attack the weak link
Monitor
Preserve beneficials
Gain threshold= management cost ($/ac)/market value ( $/bu)
Planning an on Farm IPM
Program

Ecosystem
management

Cultural control
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Information
resources

Record keeping

Monitoring program

Know your options
Ecosystem management
effects on carrying capacity
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Carrying capacity impacts
Economic Threshold and
Economic Injury Level
Farmscaping - Managing
habitat for beneficial
populations require
 shelter
 food
 water
Plants to Attract and Feed
Beneficial Insects
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Umbelliferae family
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zinnia, marigold, aster, daisies,
mums, black-eyed
susan, coneflower,
Coreopsis
Mint family and
Perennial herbs
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goldenrod
Compositae family
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carrot, yarrow, Queen Anne’s
lace, dill, anise, fennel,
coriander, parsley
mints, thyme, sage, oregano,
bee balm, basil
Other plants
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salvias, wallflowers,
nasturtiums, poppies, etc.
dill
wild carrot
Cultural Control
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Varieties/Cropping System
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Developmental rate
Planting dates/harvesting dates
Crop rotation
Plant varieties /Cropping
systems
Cultivar selection is
critical
 Control achieved
through various
planting methods –
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multiple, interplanting,
intercropping
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Multiple cropping
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Interplanting
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Sequential production
Cover crop
Intercropping
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Two or more crops on
the same land at the
same time
Strip cropping
Cover Crops
Cover Crops
Click on image to start video
Biological Controls
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Conservation of naturally occurring
methods of population stabilization
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Predators
Parasitoids
Augmentation of organisms that will
help to stabilize population of pests
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Predators
Parasitoids
Predators
Lady bird beetles
Adults
Larva
Predators
Green Lacewing
Adults
Larva
Predators
Syrphid fly
 Adults
Larva
Predators
Orius insidious
Parasitoids
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Peristenus digoneutis
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Encarsia inaron
Augmentation:
Predator/Parasite release
Mechanical/Physical controls
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Row covers
Hand picking
Sticky boards
Plant collars
Insecticides
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Chemical pesticides
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Biochemicals
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Synthetic pesticides with properties of natural
substance
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pyrethrins
rotenone
azadirachtin
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis)
Permethrin (Pounce)
Biopesticides
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Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Monitoring of pest populations
Random Samples: a measure of the total population
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Scouting fields
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Hand lens
Random samples
Trapping
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Pheromone traps
Light traps
Pit fall traps
Sticky traps
Sweep Net
 Vacuuming
 Beat sheets
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Field Scouting
•Random samples
•Point Sample
Sweep net sample
Trapping
Visual trap
Lure trap
Pheromone trap
Pheromone trap
Visual trap
Beat sheet
Disease Control
Sustainable Small Farming
and Ranching
ID your problem
Contact County Extension Educator
 Contact Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences
Dept. at University of Idaho
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Check out the Idaho Plant Disease Reporter
http://www.uidaho.edu/ag/plantdisease/
How does a disease spread?
Disease Distribution and its
Impact
Occurrence over time
Disease distribution
Apple powdery mildew
Principles of Disease Management
 Resistant
 Disease
 Crop
varieties
free seed
rotation
 Sanitation
 Healthy
 Weed
soil
control
 Control
insect pests
Traditional Principles of Plant
Disease Control
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Exclusion
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Eradication
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Protection
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Resistance
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Therapy
Apply Specific Tactics for:
Reduction of Initial Reduction of the
Infection Rate
Inoculum
Reduction of the Duration of the Epidemic
Disease Causing Agents
Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi life cycle
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Example: Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint
Apple scab
Bacteria
•
Erwinia amylovora
Fire blight
Viruses
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Tobamovirus,
Tobacco Mosaic
Virus
More on plant diseases
 Check
out this 4 page colored
publication from ATTRA’s publication on
Organic Integrated Pest Management
http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/PDF/IPM/disease.pdf
Healthy Plants =
stronger immunity to pests & disease
Click on image to start video
Good house keeping skills for
controlling disease and pests
Click on image to start video
Credits
Presentation developed by Dave P. Muehleisen,
Evergreen State College.
Video segments taken from:
“Nothing But Herbs: A Case Study of a Small-Acreage Farm”
produced by Ben Troka, University of Idaho College of
Agriculture and Life Sciences. Copywrite 2001, University of
Idaho Extension.
“Weed ‘Em and Reap, Part 2: Reduced Tillage Strategies for
Vegetable Cropping Systems.” Produced by Alex Stone,
Oregon State University, Department of Horticulture.
Copywrite 2005, Oregon State University.