Transcript USMC ENHANCED COMPANY OPERATIONS Analytical Support …

USMC ENHANCED COMPANY
OPERATIONS (ECO)
Analytical Support to the Emerging
Concept of Operations
Michael P. Bailey
Technical Director
Operations Analysis Division, USMC
Quantico, VA
USMC ENHANCED COMPANY
OPERATIONS (ECO)
Analytical Support to the Emerging
Concept of Operations
Michael P. Bailey
Beast, Knob, (Fresh)Meat, Rat, Peeper,
Grasshopper, Sunshine, FNG, Pup, Rookie,
Nube, Greenbean, Sprout, Awake
OUTLINE
• Explaining ECO
• ECO Scenario
• Ongoing and Recent Studies
Enhanced Company Operations
“An approach to the operational art that
maximizes the tactical flexibility offered by
true decentralized mission accomplishment,
consistent with commander’s intent and
facilitated by improved command and
control, intelligence, logistics, and fires
capabilities.”
- A Concept for Enhanced Company
Operations
CMC: 28 Aug 2008
POWER TO THE EDGE
Enhanced Company Operations
• CLOC: Company-level
Operations Cell
• CLIC: Company-level
Intelligence Cell
• Scout Section
• Controllers of Indirect Fires
(Air, Surface-to-Surface, Naval)
In order to…
• distribute forces safely, re-aggregate to reinforce
• increase the area of responsibility of the Rifle Company
• increase the mi2/Marine
Rifle Company Table of Organization
1st Platoon
2d Platoon
Mortar Section
MG Section
Weapons Platoon
HQ Section
3d Platoon
Assault Section
Enhanced Rifle Company
2d Platoon
1st Platoon
Mortar Section
3d Platoon
MG Section
Weapons Platoon
HQ Section
Scout Section
Enhanced Rifle Company
2d Platoon
1st Platoon
Mortar Section
3d Platoon
MG Section
Weapons Platoon
HQ Section
Scout Section
SCENARIO: ROAD TO CRISIS
• Country B is a cruel
dictatorship
– portion of Country B’s military
splits off (insurgents)
– occupies RedZone
– declares separate state
– Country B attacks with 2 x BN
– NW A-sters are sympathetic to
the insurgency
– Country A’s govt wants the
insurgents routed,
reestablished governance of
RedZone
COUNTRY B
COUNTRY A
FAKEWATER
SEA
• Country A convinces USA to
Send in the Marines
ESG: LHA, LPD, LSD, CG, DDG, SSN, MEU(SOC)
0
25miles
BLT 1/1
(Rein)
12 x CH-46
4 x CH-53
4 x AH-1W
3 x UH-1N
6 x AV-8B
2 x KC-130 on tether
MEU(SOC) ACE
Seabased
(Rein)
infantry company
To the
Seabase
75nmi
MEU(SOC) Mission Phases
1. Ship-to-Objective Maneuver
•
•
Air
Surface (limited)
2. Clear in zones to press
enemy forces across the
border
3. Stabilize Border Region
•
•
•
•
•
•
Close Border
Establish ISR Zones
Provide Security
Enable Locals
Protect the Refugee
Camps
IO Campaign
(-)
Population Centers
50,000 or greater
25,000-50,000
10,000-25,000
0-10,000
INSURGENT ELEMENTS IN COUNTRY A
ORGANIZATION
• Operates in 4-5 man teams,
capable of operating up to
Platoon (50 pers).
• Can mass a single Co. (100-150
pers)
EQUIPMENT
• C4I capacity
– VHF squad radios
– Cell Phone primary comms
(reliable)
– Landline alternate comms
(unreliable)
– Commercial Satellite Internet
– COTS encryption
w
CURRENT EN SIT OVERLAY
?
?
Known Insurgent Vehicle
?
w
?
Established Roadblock
w
w
Recruitment (Willing)
Mortar Engagement
?
Light Air Defense Weapon
?
MASS
MA
SS
?
Mass Demonstration
Studying ECO from various angles…
Marine Advanced Unit, Infantry (MAUI)
Background
•
•
Establish baseline simulation capability
for small unit operations in urban
environments
Model using IWARS (USArmy, Natick
Soldier System Center)
– McKenna terrain box
– small arms’ effects
– human performance
– agent-based logic
Status
• Simulation challenging, partially
successful
• Human performance being calibrated
with live experiments
• Partners: USArmy, USNavy, Old
Dominion University
Question(s)
•
•
•
Can we calibrate a simulation for
effectiveness of squad-sized forces in urban
environment, across a variety of
circumstances?
Can we make statements about simple but
effective rules about
distributing/aggregating?
Quantify the value of the ECO
Enhancements?
Tactical Mobility for Smaller Scale
MAGTF Operations in the Future
Background
•
ECO CONOPS being developed in an
environment of flux in tactical vehicle
Programs
– MRAP
– Armoring
– Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV)
– Internally Transported Vehicle (MV-22)
Question(s)
•
•
What are the performance-driving
characteristics for various tactical vehicle
alternatives for ECO?
What are the impacts on
– strategic mobility?
– amphibious operations?
– general purpose forces?
Status
•
•
•
Ongoing meta-analysis
Options being tested in Afghanistan
JLTV AoA (USArmy lead)
MAGTF RBE
Threat/End State
Sea Base?
Use TRANSCOM?
SSMAGTF Area
of Effectiveness
Communications
SSMAGTF Area
of Effectiveness
Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV’s)
Background
•
•
•
DARPA and USMC science and
technology projects developing
unmanned ground vehicles
Unmanned Challenge I, II, III
Marine Expeditionary Rifle Squad
(MERS): Squad as a System
Question(s)
•
•
What is a reasonable role for UGV’s in
supporting distributed small units?
What are important breakpoints in range,
capacity, speed?
Status
• Developing ECO planning factors for
supply and support
• Network simulation
• Live experimentation
• Branching into Cargo Unmanned
Aerial System (Cargo UAS)
?
Given: That the Squad as a System
is the correct way to think about acquisition
decisions for infantry equipment
Future Squad Power Needs
Background
•
•
Growth of battery-powered devices in
current operation
Enhanced units add target location and
designation, more comm, cameras, other
intel and recon devices
Question(s)
•
•
•
Status
• Power requirements are elusive
• Density question requires simulation
with human performance, long
scenario duration
• Power questions co-mingle with
supply requirements questions
What is the projected future demand for
power in a squad under ECO?
Quantify the benefits of standardization of
powerpacks?
Can equipment density be a burden?
Air Cargo Delivery in Support of ECO
Background
•
•
•
•
Joint Precision Air Delivery System (JPADS) •
Not-so-precise air delivery
Helicopter-based resupply
Trucks in convoys
Status
•
•
Merging with other logistical support
questions
Precision delivery key enabler in
Afghanistan
Question(s)
What are requirements for air delivery in an
ECO scenario?
– capacity
– frequency
– precision
C4ISR Modeling and Analysis
Background
• Satellite Tool Kit provides ability to
integrate and visualize operational plans
in 3D
• Robust ability to model and analyze
C4ISR capabilities
• OAD providing analytic support to MEB
for current ops planning
Status
• Study started Feb 09
• OAD currently provided pre-deployment
analysis to MEB
• Deployed STK-trained analyst with
reach-back support
Question(s)
•
•
•
What are the ISR coverage gaps?
How will terrain effect comm links?
What joint ISR assets should we request
to support current ops?
Anti-Armor System Mix Study
Background
• USMC transitioning to Predator antiarmor weapon
• Current operations – AA weapons used
for other purposes
Status
• Using static capability assessment
• Just underway
Question(s)
• What are the overall anti-armor
requirements for an Enhanced Company?
• How often is the true anti-armor capability
required?
• Quantify effectiveness of mixes
• Force structure and weapons systems in
the MAGTF based in the 2025 timeframe.
SUPPLIMENTAL
INFORMATION
Weapons Platoon Overview
Summary of Changes :
• Weapons Platoon
–
Assault Section Leader billet is lost
•
–
Assault section personnel and weapons
placed under Rifle Platoons
Scout Section formed under Weapons
Platoon
•
•
13 total personnel
Weapons Platoon Sergeant Billet
(0369/GySgt) becomes the Scout Section
Leader billet
–
–
Scout Section Leader formally trained and
certified to serve as a Joint Tactical Air
Controller (JTAC)
Machine Gun Section is reduced to 4 guns /
2 squads – teams are changed from 3 to 4
Marines (squads from 7 to 9 Marines)