Transcript This is English 4

This is English 4
Li Shudong
Unit 19 Urban and Rural
Worlds
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现在分词的构成：
work-working
arrive-arriving
produce-producing begin-beginning
现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动
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the exploiting people 剥削人的人
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the exploited people
二、句法作用
被剥削的人
– .现在分词做定语和状语
• 1.做定语
• Don’t disturb the sleeping child.
• Sixty million people living in rural
areas are moving to cities every
year.
• The floating needle of a compass
always points north and south.
• Most of the students studying in the
school are young people.
• 2.做状语
• Working in the plant, we learnt a lot
from the workers.(When we worked
in the plants……)
Knowing her address, I can visit her
personally.
• The students came running.
• I sat by the window, watching TV
and reading books.
• Given better instructions, the
watermelons could have grown
bigger.
• Not knowing her address, I can’t visit
her personally.
• When heated, ice will be changed into
water.
• I sat by the window, watching TV and
reading books.
• 3.做补足语，常见的动词有find, get
have hear keep make let see
notice imagine
• A.做宾语补足语：
• We saw him going away.
• All of us heard somebody singing in
the next room.
• We kept them waiting for a long time.
• B.做主语补足语：
• He was seen going away.
• Somebody was heard singing in the
next room.
• 注意分词完成时态：
• Having taught English for ten years,
she knows the grammar very well.
• Having been given a wrong
number,we couldn’t contact him over
phone.
• 5.分词做独立主格：分词或分词短语
带有自己的动作主体。
• Time permitting, they will start to
do a new job.
• The experiment finished, we left
the lab and went home.
• 分词与不定式在句法案上的区别：
• 1）作定语时的区别：
• 主动态分词作定语表示与谓语动作同时发
生；而主动态的不定式表示在谓语动作之
后发生。例如：
• This
is
a
factory
producing
computers.
• A factory to produce computers is
being built.
• 被动态的分词表示的动作在谓语动作
之前完成；而被动态的不定式表示在
谓语动作之后发生。例如：
• It is one of the problems solved
at the meeting.
• There are many problems to be
solved
• 作补足语时的区别：
• 分词和不定式作补足语都表示与谓
语录同时发生，但分词强调“动作进
行过程”；不定式强调“动作发生的
事实”。试比较：
• 现在分词
不定式
• I saw her doing the experiment
• 我看见她正在做实验。
• I saw her do the experiment.
• 我看见她在做实验。
• She was seen doing experiment.
She was seen to do experiment.
• 人们看见她在做实验。
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• 过去分词则表示动作在谓语动作之前
完成。例如：
• We found the work completely
done.我们发现工作全做好了。
• The work was found completely
done.
• 发现工作已完全做好了。
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Activity 1 Mega-cities 巨型城市
1.million:百万
2.inhabitant:居民
3.house ：给….提供住处
4.Tokyo: 东京
5.alone: 单独
6.combine:联合
population:人口
7.total:总计
8.forecast:预测
9.urban:城市的
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10.increase；增加
11.four times：四倍
12.rate；比率
13.rural:农村的
14.double:翻一倍
15:period；一段时间
16.billion:十亿
17.consequently:因此
18.two-thirds：三分之二
19.moreover：而且
20.developing countries：发展中国
家
• 21.add to增加
• 22.Southeast Asia and Africa东南亚
和非洲
• 23.consequence 后果
• 24.dramatic戏剧性的
• 25.on a scale 以…..规模
• 26.experience 经历
• 27.considerable 巨大的
• 28.result from:是…的结果
• 29.internal:内部的
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30.migration；移居
31.rather than:而不是
32.international；国际的
33.cause:引起
34.variety各种各样的35.push
and pull factors推力与拉力
• 36.due to 由于
• 37.pressure压力
• 38.availability可获得性
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39.improve 提高
40.climate 气候
41.result in 结果
42.deforestation森林砍伐
43.alter 改变
44.social structure社会结构
45.lead to 导致
46.furthermore 而且
47.civil war 内战
48.regional 地区的
49.conflict 冲突
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50.disruption动荡不安
51.on the other hand 另一方面
52.attract 吸引
53.demand 需求
54.labour 劳工
55.manufacture 制造
56.service服务
57.offer 提供
58.standard 标准
59.lucky 幸运的
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60.tend to 倾向于….
61.personal 个人的
62.freedom 自由
63.economy 经济
64.expand；扩展
65.five-fold 五倍
66.therefore 因此
• 67.课文中的分词作状语
• 1).There are now 11 cities housing
over 11 million people.
2)the world’s urban population,
increasing at four times the rate of
rural population, will double in the
period of 1990-2025
• 3)This growth,adding around 60
million people per year to city
populations,will be mainly in
Southeast Asia and Africa.
• 4)This is a change on a scale never
before experienced, bringing with it
considerable challenge and
opportunities.
• 5)Improved health brings
population growth,causing people
to move out of rural areas.
• 6)Such changes can alter the social
structure,leading people to move.
• 7)Civil war or regional conflicts also
cause disruption,driving people out
of rural areas.
• Activity 8
• The +比较级…….，the +比较级……
• 表示：越……..，
越……..
• The smaller the families, the higher
the standard of living.
• The more educated they are, the
higher they care for their families.
• The more ,the better.
• Key to Activity 8
• 1.the better, the healthier,be
• 2.the better , the less, be
• 3.the worse, gets, the more, will be
• 4.the better, are, the more, they will
have
• 5.the more, are, the more, can work
• 6.The more,work, the higher, they
can have
• 7.The bigger, the more, there is
• 8.The faster, a city, the faster, grows
• Activity 10
• A Case Study:Desertification
around the Gobi Desert
• 1. Case Study :个案研究
• 2.desertification ：沙漠化
• 3.Gobi Desert：戈壁沙漠
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4.the problems：问题
5.agricultural: 农业的
6.threaten：威胁
7.in addition：此外
8.soil erosion：水土流失
9.lead to：导致
10.loss of farmland：农田的流失
• 11.the drying up of rivers:河流干
涸
• 12.consequently:因此
• 13.livelihood:生活
• 14.furthermore:而且
• 15.affect:影响
• 16.sand dune:沙丘
• 17.sandstorm:沙尘暴
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18.frequent：经常的
19.situation:情况
20.pressure:压力
21.government:政府
22.take action:采取行动
23.The worse the situation, the
more pressure there is .（情况
越糟糕，压力越大。)
• Key to Activity 12
• 1.Industrialisation often causes
harm to the environment,affecting
both urban and rural ways of life.
• 2.Soil erosion is one of the main
factors causing desertification.
• 3.Cars produce a lot of fumes
leading to air pollution.
• 4.Soil erosion has caused the loss
of farmland threatening the
livelihoods of 35 million people.
• the+最高级+现在完成时+ever结构:
• 表示迄今为止已经完成或经历过得最
…..的事情。
• It is the best film I’ve ever seen.
• It is one of the best concerts I have
ever been to.
• Key to Activity 15.
• 1.It is one of the driest summers we
have ever known.
• 2.It is the coldest winter we’ve ever
• 3.It is the wettest day I’v ever
experienced.
• 4.It is one of the hottest weekends
I’ve ever known.
• 5.It is the warmest autumn we’v
ever had.
• 6.It is one of the most beautiful
summers we ever had.
• 7.It is the windiest night I’ve ever
experienced.
• 8.It is one of the coolest springs
we’ve ever known.
Unit 20 Consumer Society or
the Wasteful Society
1.过去分词作定语：
1.1 构成
a)+ed
look—looked save—saved cry—cried
b) fly—flown see—seen give—
given
1.2 过去分词短语作后置定语：
被动语态形式的定语从句才可以变为过去分
词作为后置定语。
• I never eat sandwiches that are
prepared the day before.
• I never eat sandwiches prepared the
day before.
• 注意在英语中短语和句子的区别。
• He doesn’t like the movie which is
directed by Zhang Yi Mou.
• He doesn’t like the movie directed
by Zhang Yi Mou.
• 有些不是被动语态的定语从句就不能用
于过去分词短语作后置定语。
• Tom always bring some food that we eat
in our coffee break.
• 2.情态动词can&must用于被动语态
• 谓语构成：情态动词+be + 过去分词
This kind of plant can be eaten as food.
All the work must be done before
lunch.
The criminal should be punished.
• 3.真实条件句
• 3.1条件句对主句和从句的谓语要求：
• A) 主将从现（表示将来或现在可能发
生的事情和存在的情况。）
• If I am free tomorrow, I will clean my
room.
• B) 主句和从句都用一般现在时（表示
从句情况一旦发生，必然产生主句所说
的结果）
• If my boyfriend is in a good mood,
he usually buys me flowers.
• If you go to your friends’ birthday party,
you always take a present.
• 4.现在完成时和现在完成进行时
• Activity 2 Global Food
• 1. global 全球的
• 2. adapt 使适应，适应
• She adapted herself quickly to the local
climate.
• Our eyes adapted to the dark.
• 3. fast food 快餐
• 4. junk food 小吃（垃圾食品）
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5. convenience food方便食品
6. ready-made food 半成品
7. take-away 外卖
8. chains 连锁店
9.approximately =about 大约
10.consume 消费
11.distinctive 与众不同的，特别的
12.golden arch 金色拱门
13.apparently 明显的
14. franchise 授以特许权
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15.fridge 冰箱
16.currently 最近
17.rot 腐烂
18.dispose 处理
19.regulation 规定，条例
20.deplete 损耗，减少
21.coolant 冷却剂
22.landfill 垃圾填埋
23.extract 取出，拔出
24.recyclable 可回收的，可循环
的
• 25.precious = expensive 珍贵的
2726.platinum
.unsafe
白金，
不安全的
28.damage
损害，破坏
29.photocopying
30.video
31.shut
32.toxic
machine 复印机
camera 录像机
down 关闭
有毒的
Unit 21
Language focus:将来进行时
将来进行时由will+be+现在分词，强调在将
来某一特定时间正在进行或要发生的动作
。
1.Next month,the Arctic Sunrise will be
visiting the Philippines and Thailand.
下个月北极日出号将访问菲律宾和泰国。
• Key to Activity 3
• 1.I will be traveling for about a year
• 2.We will be showing people films
about the benefits of wind power.
• 3.We will be telling people about
renewable energy.
• 4.We will be stopping at major ports
around the world.
• 5.We won’t be visiting the same
places as the Rain Warrior
• 6.We will be organizing exhibitions
about the damage done to the
environment.
• 7.I won’t be seeing my family or
friends for a long time.
Greenpeace Launches
Renewable Energy Global
Tour
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New words:
1.Greenpeace:绿色和平组织
2.launch:发动
3.renewable:可更新的，可再生的
4.energy:能源
5.global:全球的
6.tour:旅行
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7. In the lead up to :为了迎接
8.the Earth Summit地球峰会
9.Johannesburg :约翰纳斯堡
10.the Rainbow Warrior:彩虹勇士号
11.Journey:旅行
12.offshore wind:离岸风
13.produce:产生
14.electricity:电
15。The North Sea countries；北海
国家
16.supply:供应
17.challenge:挑战
18.government:政府
19.industry:工业
20.sail；航行
21.off the coast:沿海
22.Arctic Sunrise:北极日出号
23.Southeast Asia:东南亚
24.conduct:实施
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25.replace；代替
26.nuclear power:核能
27.competitive:有竞争力的
28.generation:产生
29.beat:打败
30.costly:昂贵的
31.community:社区
32.reject:拒绝
33.technology:技术
34.coal-fired:烧煤的
• Key to Activity 1:
• 1.To support the development of
renewable energy around the world
• 2.It can produce nearly twice the
electricity needs of the North Sea
countries,
• 3.It would provide one-third of North
Sea countries’ electricity.
• 4.It’s in the sea-offshore.
• 5.In Southeast Asia.
• 6.That renewable energy is ready
and able to replace coal.,gas and
nuclear power now and in the
future.
• 7.It is cheaper.
• 8.It will be wind energy.
Unless 引导的真实条件句
• 1. Unless 引导的真实条件句,表示“
如果不”或“除非”，相当于“if
not”,从句用一般现在时，主句用一般
将来时。
• Unless I buy a bike, I will have to
use a car.
• 除非我买辆自行车，否则我就不得不
开车。
• Unless you change your light
bulbs, you won’t save any energy.
• 除非你把灯泡换了，否则你就不会节
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Activity 11: New Words
1.species:种类
2.whales:鲸鱼
3.dolphins:海豚
4.porpoises:海猪
5.collectively:共同的
6.cetaceans:鲸类动物
7.throughout the world:整个世界
8.in all shapes and size:呈各种形状
和大小
• 9.facts and figures:事实和数字
• 10.incredible:难以置信的
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11.the heaviest:最重的
12.average:平均
13.length:长度
14.males:男性的
15.females:女性的
16.weigh:重
17.tonne:吨
18.the shortest:最短的
19.fully:全部的
20.up to:多达
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21.krill:磷虾
22.daily:每天的
23.equivalent:相等的
24.elephant:大象
25.sperm whale:抹香鱼
26.dive:潜水
27.bowhead whale:北极露脊鲸
28.the heaviest brain:最大的大脑
29.compare:比较
30.adult 成年的
31.the rarest:最罕见的
• 32.endanger:处于危险中
• 33.conservation measure:保护措施
• 不定式的完成时：to + have done结构
表示该动作在过去已经发生。
One bowhead whale is reported to
have been 130 years old when it
died.(据报告曾经活了130岁）
A sperm whale is said to have dived
to 2000 metres.（据说曾经潜到了
2000米）
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Key to Activity 15.
Part A；
1…..is reported to be in Danmark.
2….are known t die in fishing nets.
3….are believed to need protection
4…are said to live 130 years.
Part B:
1….is reported to have visisted Ne
Zealand.
• 2….is said to have saved the baiji
dolphin.
• 3…..are believed to have saved
many human lives.
• 4…..is reported to have led a
successful campaign.
Unit 23 The world of
communication
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Activity 1:
1.power: 力量
2.influence: 影响
3.media:媒体
4.terrorist attack: 恐怖主义袭击
5.communication:通讯，交际
6.revolution: 革命
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7.constantly:持续的
8.bombard:轰击
9.instant: 即时的
10.advantage；优点
11.raise:提出
12.satellites:卫星
13.immediate:立即
14.worldwide:世界范围的
15.reporter:记者
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16.network:网络
17.within seconds:在几秒钟内
18.electronic:电子的
19.screen:屏幕
20.transmit:传送
21.images:图像
22.mobile phones:移动电话
23.consequently:因此
24.on the spot:现场
25.norm:准则
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26.natural disaster:自然灾害
27.conflict: 冲突
28.scientific discovery:科学发现
29.occur:发生
30.ownership:所有权
31.powerful:有力的
32.be hungry for:渴望
33.audience:观众
34.limited:有限的
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36.spin；倾向性看法
37.objective: 客观的
38.spin doctors:舆论操纵者
39.manipulate:操纵
40.emphasise；强调
41.influence；影响
42.election:选举
43.control:控制
连接词的用法
• 1.On the one hand…..,on the
other hand.一方面…..，另一方面。
• On the one hand there are the
political change, on the other
hand we had the technological
changes.
• 2.not only……, but also…..
• 不仅……，而且……
• Some countries not only own TV
and radio networks but also
newspaper groups.
• This makes it much easier not only
to produce radio and TV
broadcasts, but also to broadcast a
lot more radio and television.
• She not only plays well,but also
sings well.
直接引语 、间接引语
直接引语：直接引用别人所说的话。
He
said:”I like English very much”
间接引语：间接转述别人所说的话。
He
said he liked English very much.
如何将直接引语变成间接引语？
1.时态的变化
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现在变成过去
一般现在变成一般过去.
He said:”I am tired”
He said he was tired.
现在进行变成过去进行.
She told me ,’We are meeting
him at the pub.”
• She told me they were
meeting him at the pub.
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现在完成变成过去完成
She said;”I have waited for ages.”
She said she had waited for ages.
过去 时变成过去完成或不变。
She said:”I took it home with me.
She said she had taken it home with
him
• The teacher said ;”Columbus
discovered America in 1492.
• The teacher said Columbus
discovered America in 1492.
• 将来时变成过去将来时
• He said “I will be in Paris on
Monday.”
• He said he would be in Paris on
Monday
• 3.直接引语为祁使句， 变为间接引语时
常用： asked sb. to do sth.
• told sb. to do sth. ordered sb. to
do sth.
• ‘Remember to turn the lights., she
said.
• She told me to turn off the lights.
• 4.直接引语为一般疑问句式+if
/whether.将一般疑问句式变为正语
• ‘Is it raining?”
• He asked if it was raining.
• 5.直接引语为特殊疑问句式，将特殊疑
问句式变为正语序。
• Why do you come so late?
• He asked me why I came so late.
Activity 10
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Poll reveals TV new too negative
1.recent:最近
2.discover:发现
3.sensationalist:写耸人听闻内容的
作家
• 4.negative:负面的
• 5.sceptical:怀疑的
• 6.accuracy:准确性
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7.news programmes:新闻节目
8.dominate:统治
9.violence:暴力
10.environment 环境
11.murder:谋杀
12.disaster:灾难
13.executive:主管人员
14.oriented:导向
15.associate:使发生联系
• Key to Activity 14:
• 1.Bob Smith reported that murder
was one of the least frequently
committed crimes.
• 2.The spokesman stated that there
were three main risks in viewing
media violence.
• 3.The Prime Minister announced
that they would reduce crime
figures in the following five years.
• 4.The doctor agreed that people were
getting more fearful of violence.
• 5.The teacher complained that
schoolchildren watched too many violent
films.
• 6.The teenager denied that violent films
were bad for him.
• 7.The father promised that he would take
them all to the cinema the following day.
• 8.The witness claimed that he had seen
them start the fight.
Unit 25 Working life and
technology
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Need+名词
You will need a special card.
Need+不定式
You need to know about them.
Need+动名词
It will need replacing.(to be
replaced.)
used to /be get used to
• 1.used to:过去常常做某事
• Remember you used to wait ages
before the information came up
on the screen?
• I used to talk to everyone a lot,
but now we communicate by
email .
• I didn’t use to smoke , but I do
now.
• 2.be used to doing sth.习惯于
• I am used to writing emails.
• I am getting used to writing
emails.
• Are you used to writing emails?
• Have you got used to writing
emails?
• I can’t get used to the new
computer system.
表示因果关系
• Poor education leads to
unemployment.
• Low interest rates may cause inflation.
• Double –booking have increased,
leading to confusion….
• Misspelling of patients ’ name has
resulted in the duplication of records .
• 描述技术问题和建议解决办法
• What’s the problem?
• There is something wrong with
my computer.
• It keeps clicking.
• Are you sure that it’s plugged in?
• Have you tried holding the wire?
UNIT 26.Technology and
Personal life
• Activity 2 Mobile and Phones
Save Life
• 1.set off：出发
• 2.out of reason：过了旺季
• 3.make out：弄清楚
• 4.make up one’s mind：下定决心
• 5.call off：放弃
• 6.give up：放弃，戒掉
• 7.you’d better do sth.你最好做某事
• 8.reach for 伸手去拿
Group discussion:
1.Who was Paul travelling with?
2.What was the weather like?
3.Who did he phone?
4.Who phoned the emergency?
虚拟条件句
• 一、．虚拟语气
• 在英语中，说话人的意图不同，动词需用
不同的形式；称之为语气。
• 虚拟语气是这些语气中一种，用以表示主
观愿望和假想虚拟的情况。
1.虚拟条件句 (1).当假设与现在的事实相
反时，其结构是：
If+过去式 ……主语+ would+动词原形
• If I lived near my office, would be
in time for work.
• If I were you,I would plant some
trees round the house.
• If we didn’t go to their party next
week,they would be very angry.
翻译下列句子
• 1.如果我英语讲的好，我就会去合资
企业工作
• If my English were good, I would
go and work in an joint venture.
2。你处在我的地位上，你会怎么办?
What would you do if you were in
my place.
• 3.要是不再下雨，我们就去跳舞了。
• If it were not raining,we would go
dancing.
• 4。要不是正忙着打扫屋子，我会去
陪你听音乐的。
• If I were not busy cleaning the
house, I would go and listen to
the music with you.
• 虚拟条件句:当假设与过去的事实相
反时，其结构是：
if +主语+had+过去分词…..,主语
+would have +过去分词.
If I had known that you were ill,I
would have gone to see you.
If I had gone to the meeting last
night, I would have seen her.
• 这种非真实条件句主句与从句有时不
一致，这叫错综条件。
•
If you had studied hard,you
would take it easy now.
• If the weather had been more
favourable, the crops would be
growing still better.
Wish常用虚拟语气
• 1。Wish+动词过去式，表示与现在事实
相反
• I wish I had a car.
• I wish I were taller than you.
• 2. wish+would do表示与将来事实相反
• The weather is awful today,I wish it
would be warmer tomorrow.
• 3.wish+had done 表示与过去事实
相反
• I wish I hadn’t spent so much
money.
动名词
• 动名词
• 动名词是非谓语动词的一种。
• 动名词可以在句子中作：主语、宾语
、表语、定语等。
• 动名词可以有时态：一般式和完成式
。
• 动名词有语态： 一般式的被动语态
和完成式的被动态
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.动名词作主语
Swimming has its law.
Learning without practice is no good.
动名作主语时有时使用形式主语it
It’s no good learning without practice.
It’s worthwhile discussing the
questions
• 2. 动名词作表语.
• Our duty is making instruments.
• My favourite summer sport is
swimming.
• 3.动名词作宾语.
• They began studying computer last
week.
• Have you finished repairing the tape
recorder?They got excited on hearing
the good news.
• 有些动词常要求动名词来作宾语，这
些动词有：suggest, finish, avoid,
stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy,
require, delay, practice, consider,
excuse, escape, miss, fancy,
deny, 及短语动词等。
• 有些动词后两者都可跟，但是意思有
差 别 。 这 些 动 词 如 下 ： remember,
forget, regret, try, stop, want 等。
• remember to do sth:记住去做某事
• Please remember to post the
letter for me.
• remember doing sth记得做过某事
• I remembered posting the leter.
• regret to do sth遗憾地做某事
• We regret to inform you that you
won’t be able to attend the class.
• regret doing sth.后悔做某事
• I regretted having done such a
thing.
• stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
• Let’s stop to chat a while.
• stop doing sth 停止做某事
• Stop smoking, please.
• try to do sth 努力去做某事
• I will work hard and trr to improve
.
• try doing sth 试着做某事
• Let’s try doing the work this way.
• 在英语中有些动词后要求跟不定式作
宾 语 ， 这 些 动 词 主 要 有 ： want,
wish, hope, continue, manage,
try, ask, offer, promise, mean,
pretend, intend, decide, attempt,
learn, desire, agree, choose,
determine, expect…等。
• 动名词作定语
• These passage may be used as
listening materials.
• I have a hearing aid.
• The reading room of the library is
a large square hall.
• 动名词有语态： 一般式的被动语态和完成
式的被动态
• The matter is far from being solved.
• Before being used the recorder should
be tested.
• After having been treated the water
can be used for raising fish.
• 动名词的逻辑主语
• Please excuse my interrupting
you.
• We all thought Xiao Wang’s
giving up his job a great mistake.
• 用所给动词正确形式填空
• 1.________(read) Japanese is easier
than speaking it.
• 2.It is no use _______(ask) him about
it.
• 3. It’s no good ______(try) to learn
English by _________(read)only.
• 4.It took longer than she
expected________(get) a passport.
• .It was difficult for them
_________(understand)our policy.
• 6.After we had finished
________(eat), he
proposed__________(set off).
• 7.In her leisure hours she
enjoyed________(read) novels or
_______(go) to the park.
• 8.He never missed ________(attend)
evening school.
• 9.She couldn’t help _________(smile)
at the words.
• 10.Soon afterwards he gave
up________(teach)and joined the
army.
• 11.I can’t understand his
_______(leave)so suddenly.
It IS +形容词/过去分词
It is exciting that I would have the
opportunity to travel abroad.
It is advisable to take tough
measures.
It is recommended that you should
start right now.
Unit 27The Internet and
Daily Life
• 讲左栏英语与右栏汉语相匹配
1.To visit a website
a. 点击
2.To surf
b.双击
3.To go online
c.下载
4.To download
d.上网
5.To reboot
e.非法侵入
6.To hack into
f.打开程序
7.To pirate
g.盗版
•
•
•
•
8.To click
h.重新启动
9.To double click
I.链接
10.To open a program j.网上冲浪
11.To connect
k.访问网站
现在分词和过去分词做定语
• 主动态分词作定语表示与谓语动作同
时发生；而主动态的不定式表示在谓
语动作之后发生。例如：
• This is a factory producing
computers.
• A factory to produce computers
is being built.
• 被动态的分词表示的动作在谓语动作
之前完成；而被动态的不定式表示在
谓语动作之后发生。例如：
• It is one of the problems solved
at the meeting.
• There are many problems to be
solved
委婉提问 礼貌提问
•
•
•
•
•
Could you tell me……..?
Could I ask you…………?
Would you mind telling me…..?
Do you mind if I ask you….?
Would you mind telling me what
attracted you to Janet?
• Do you mind if I ask you when
you fell in love with her?
Unit 28.Science in Nature
• 讲左栏英语与右栏汉语相匹配
1.antibiotic
a.改变
2 to alert
b.研制
3.critics
c.改进
4 to develop
d.各类抗生素
5 gene
e.基因
6to improve
f.批评者
被动语态
• 一、定义：主语是谓语动词的承受者
• The gate is locked at 6:00 every night.
• The English test is marked by
Mr.West.
• 二、构成：be+过去分词
• 1，一般现在时：am,is are +过去分词
• 2，一般过去时:was,were+过去分词
• 3。现在进行时: am,is are +being+过去
分词
• 4, 现在完成时：have,has+ been+
过去分词
• 5，过去完成时: had+been+过去分
词
• 6.一般将来时：will,shall+be+过去
分词
• 7，情态动词:情态动词+be+过去分
词
• 三、用法
• 1。当不知道或不必提动作的执行者
时。
• The cars are made in Japan.
• 2.Football is played all over the
world.
• Printing was introduced into
Europe
• 2。当强调动作的承受者时
• Thousands of rivers are polluted
in the country.
• Bill Clinton was elected President
of the United States of America
in1993.
• 四、带有行为主体的被动结构（by+
行为主体）
• The village was destroyed by a
bomb.
• The printing is very valuable. It
was painted by Van Gogh.
• Exercise :Change the following
sentences into the passive.
• 1.The students have invited us to
a dance.
• We have been invited to a dance.
• 2.A fire might kill the animals.
• The animals might be killed by a
fire.
• 3.The hotel is rebuilding the
restaurant.
• The restaurant is being rebuilt.
• 4.The police brought the child
home.
• The child was brought home.
• 5.His wife calls him darling.
• He is called darling.
• 五、被动语态的补充用法。
• It+被动语态+that.常用于该结构的动词有
：
• Say think believe agree feel know
report prove suggest.
• It is said that he can speak their
language.
• It is reported that he is still alive.
• It is thought that about a million dogs
are born each year.
连接词语
•
•
•
•
•
Although
As a result of
As well as
Because
consequently
Unit 29Technology and the
Future
• 1.allow:
• A book that allows you to store
and display it digitally.
• E-book technology allows you to
carry around a whole library in a
small unit.
• 2.make sb. do sth：在被动结构中
，要用带to的不定式
It can be made to taste different to
look different.
Fish can be made to grow faster.
both, all 及each, every 的用法
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.both:两者都
Both of them are teachers.
2.all: 所有的一切
All the lessons are terrible.
We will just do all the learning.
3.every:每一个都
Every lesson is terrible.
• 4.each:每一个强调个人事务或情况
• Put a word in each gap.
• There are four computers in there.
One on each desk
• Each 可以作为不定代词，单独使用，而
every却不行。
• Every student is trained in IT skills.
• Each has her own computer.
Exercises
• 1.
The rice was good that I ate
_______ .
• 2. ________ house needed repairing
• 3. Have you read ________ book?
• 4.
Several prisoners escaped but
they were _________ caught.
• 5. __________ lesson was spoilt by
John.
• __________ tires on the car
needed repairing.
• 1. There was not much soap, so I
used __________.
• 2.
It was not until the 18th
century that man realized that
_________ of the brain was
involved in the working of the
mind.
• Complete the following with every,
everyone / everybody, every one, each or
all:
• 1. ---Did you see _________ film that
was on last week?
• ---Yes, we saw _________ of them.
• 2.
The men carried two suitcases
_________.
• 3.
________ were surprised at his
ability.
• 4.________man
was
given
his
individual assignment.