Transcript CH 9 GOVERNMENT - Prince George Secondary School

CH 3
GOVERNMENT
AND
STATUTE LAW
WHAT GOVT’S DO!!! DO!!!
1. Decide how to use scarce resources.
2. Provide security from attack.
3. Make decisions peacefully.
4. Protect lives and property.
5. Provide services (ie education, health, currency, etc.).
6. Establish & negotiate arrangements
with other countries.
CANADA’S
THREE LEVELS
OF GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL PROVINCIAL MUNICIPAL
wW
CANADA
OTTAWA
B.C.
P.G.
P.G.
VICTORIA
$PROVINCIAL & FEDERAL TAXES$ $ MUNICIPAL $
CORPORATE TAX
INCOME TAX
AD VALOREM TAX (HST)
EXCISE TAXES (ALCOHOL/GAS
PAYROLL TAX
Most $ comes from
Property Taxes
WHY
GOVERNMENT?
Skateboarder opts for jail
overpaying fine.
(p. 64)
• 1. Does the law against skateboarding
contradict Fredericton’s Green Matters
campaign?
• 2. Should Skaters & bicycles have the same
status?
• 3. What other otions could Mr. Breen have
How do we make fair laws????
taken
CANADA’S CONSTITUTION
THE HISTORY
OTHER POWERS
MUNICIPAL
Bylaws/Roads/ Arenas
THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT
ABORIGINAL SELF-GOV’T
BNA ACT 1867
Reserve-Bylaws / Marriage/
-Created the Dominion of Can. – Macdonald
Education / Social Services
- A constitution for a colony – British approval
- FEDERAL SYSTEM
RESIDUAL POWERS
-Strong central powers (US war = lack of power) Issues not directly issued
but = “Peace, Order,
- Can = too big for unitary system like Britain and Good Gov’t
-Brt. monarchy & Rule of Law stands
Ie. Emergency powers
– War Measure Act
- Power divided between Feds & Provs
DIVISION OF POWERS
FEDERAL
POWERS
-
PROVINCIAL POWERS
-Money / currency
- Criminal Law & Prisons
- Citizenship
-Indian affarirs
-Postal
- Education
-Hospitals
- Natural resources
- Prov. Courts & laws
- Workers Compensation
ULTRA & INTRA VIRES
Intra Vires – Within gov’t
powers to pass.
Ultra Vires- Beyond gov’t
powers to pass.
ie. Prov. Gov’t trying to
change Charter issues.
CONSTITUTION HISTORY
BNA Act
1867
(Cont.)
Britain dominated
Canada’s legal system
CANADIAN
CONSTITUTION ACT
1982
EQUALIZATION
STATUTE OF
WESTMINSTER
1931
Canada = control of laws & trade agreements
Problem – Constitution changes still needed
British approval.
- Fed. – Prov disputes still under Brt.
control.
- Civil Liberties not specifically defined
– Have / Have Not
provinces.
NATURAL RESOURCES
- Prov. Control (ie Albt. Oil)
- Restrictions = fairness in Can.
AMENDING FORMULA
- 2/3 of all Prov. And 50% pop.
CHARTER OF RIGHTS & FREEDOM
- Charter = Constitutional status
ABORIGINAL RIGHTS
- Traditional values recognized
IMPLEMENTS
LAWS
MAKES
LAWS
CONSTITUTIONAL
MONARCHY
GOVERNMENT
AND LAW MAKING
INTERPRETS
LAWS
RESPONSIBLE
GOVERNMENT
PASSING LEGISLATION
MINORITY AND MAJORITY GOV’TS
308 SEATS
A
B
C
POSSIBLE
MINORITY
4
3
3
4/6
MAJORITY
7
2
1
7/3
IN REALITY
PARTY SOLIDARITY
TEN
SEATS
COALITION
GOVERNMENTS
ROLE OF THE WHIP
PRIVATE MEMBERS BILL
VOTE OF NON-CONFIDENCE
PROROGUED
PARLIAMENT
(USUALLY A BRICK WALL)
DISSOLUTION
THREE PARTS OF
GOVERNMENT
Bills must pass through all three parts of government in order to become
HEAD OF STATE
laws in Canada.
DAVID JOHNSON
HOUSE OF
COMMONS
SENATE
GOVERNOR
GENERAL
THE HOUSE OF COMMONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
SPEAKER
PAGES
GOV’T MEMBERS
OPPOSITION
PM
OPPOSITION LEADER
2ND OPPOSITION LEADER
CLERK
9. MACE
10. HANSARD
11. SGT AT ARMS
12. THE BAR
13. INTERPRETERS
14. PRESS GALLERY
15. PUBLIC GALLERY
16. TV CAMERAS
ORDERS-IN-COUNCIL
Can make laws without parliament
(Emergencies / Senate apt.)
MACE
SYMBOL OF POWER
CABINET
(PM & his ‘best friends’
SENATE
PURPOSE:
• Protect the interests of regions (sober second thought)
• Propose legislation (except taxation & spending)
• Can amend or reject any bill
• Research and committee work to better Canadians.
TRIPLE E
SENATE REFORM
Equal
Elected
Effective
BENEFITS
• $119,100, with tax free allowance of 10,000
• Office and support staff
• Library and Dining room
• No time limit on speeches or debate
REQUIREMENTS:
• 30 yrs old.
• Own property worth $ 4000.00
• Assets at least $ 4000.00
• Live in province that they represent
• Retire by age 75
• Appointed by the Governor General
on advice of PM.
ASSIGNMENT – Do you agree with
Triple E Senate Reform?
GOVERNMENTS
COMPARED
FEDERAL
PROVINCIAL
MUNICIPAL
HOUSE OF
COMMONS
LEGISLAITVE
ASSEMBLY
CITY HALL
MP
MLA
COUNCILLOR
PM
PREMIER
MAYOR
308 SEATS
85 SEATS
9 SEATS
GOVERNOR
GENERAL
LT. GOVERNOR
NA
SENATE
NA
NA
DEMOCRACY & ‘THE PEOPLE’
DEMOCRACY – A GOV’T WHERE PEOPLE CAN ‘FREELY’ CHOOSE
SOCIAL
PROGRAMSABORIGINAL
ENVIRONMENT
RIGHTS
QUEBEC
BILINGUALISM
FREE
TRADE
TAXES
THE
ISSUES
MPs
MLAs
INFLUENCING
GOVERNMENT
CRIME
CIVIL
BIG
LIBERTIES WAR BUSINESS
DEFENCE
SPREADING
THE WORD
CIVIL INTERNET
MEDIA
DISOBEDIENCE
???
CIVIL
SERVANTS
SPECIAL
INTEREST
GROUPS
(ABORTION LAWS)
PAID
LOBBYISTS
THREE PRINCIPLES OF
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
1. Should not include violence.
2. Directed at laws that are harmful
3. Accept responsibility.
COURTS
CHOOSING A GOVERNMENT
•
ELECTORAL DISTRICTS (RIDINGS/CONSTITUENCIES)
•
ELECTION BASICS
•
–
Fed. Elections at least every five years. (earlier???)
–
Run by the Chief Electoral Officer.
–
B.C. = 4 yrs. / Municipal 3 yrs.
–
18 yrs of age.
PARTY MECHANICS
–
•
Riding popularity, TV, loyalty, Party Platforms
Pollsters can affect campaign directions – ‘spin doctors’ -> play dirty???
ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
–
•
Splitting votes, Campaign $,Independents,
THE VOTING PROCESS
–
Polling Stations, Advance Polls,
Voters List, Electoral Officers, By Election
•
PARTY
CONVENTIONS
PUBLIC OPINION POLLS
–
•
Voter apathy is an issue
Compulsory voting?
Aussies
Party leaders are chosen at Party Conventions.
•
B.C. Ridings
FPTP VS. STV
(see video)
STEPS TO A FED. ELECTION
Dissolution => Enumeration =>
Nomination => Campaigning =>
Voting / Balloting => Tabulation
PM HARPER @
Polling Station
POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
(Go to slide #6 – Issues: Left or Right Wing)
IDEOLOGY
political & social
principles or beliefs.
LIBERALISM
LEFT WING
??<=RULE OF LAW=>??
COMMUNISM
SOCIALISM
CONSERVATISM
CENTER
SOCIALISM
LIBERALISM
RIGHT WING
DEMOCRACY
FASCISM
CONSERVATISM
-Anti-Laissez Faire economy.
-Pro individual freedom.
-against change / for tradition.
-Intended to reduce poverty.
-Gov’t should intervene to
-Pro Laissez-Faire economy.
-Gov’t controlled economy.
-Arrived in 1930s – people were
disillusioned with capitalism.
regulate economy.
-Gov’t maintains basic standards
of living & protects rights.
-Anti gov’t intervention.
-Reduce gov’t spending.
IDEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SYSTEMS OF GOV’T USING COWS
SOCIALISM –You have two cows; the gov’t
takes one, and gives it to your neighbour.
COMMUNISM –You have two cows; the gov’t takes both of
them and gives you the milk.
FASCISM –You have two cows; the gov’t takes both of them
and sells you the milk.
CAPITALISM -You have two cows; you sell one and buy a bull!
STALINISM
You have two cows; the gov’t
takes both of them and shoots you.
BUREACRACY
You have two cows; the gov’t takes them both,
shoots one, milks the other and pours the milk
down the drain
A GUIDE TO GOVERNMENT
THREE LEVELS
OF GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL PROVINCIAL MUNICIPAL
B.C.
CANADA
P.G.
OTTAWA
P.G.
VICTORIA
$PROVINCIAL & FEDERAL TAXES$
CORPORATE TAX
INCOME TAX
AD VALOREM TAX (HST)
EXCISE TAXES (ALCOHOL/GAS
PAYROLL TAX
$ MUNICIPAL $
Most $ comes from
Property Taxes
RESPONSIBILITIES
National Defence,
Immigration, Fisheries
Social Serv. , Environ.
Education, Forestry,
Health
Water, Snow Removal
THREE BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENT