Chapter 17 WW II

United States enters World War II 1941-1945

Vocabulary

Found in Glossary

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D-day

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Battle of the Bulge Battle of Midway Kamikaze Pages 569 - 579

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Harry S. Truman Douglas MacArthur Dwight D. Eisenhower Omar Bradley George Patton

Leaders in WWII

   Germany- Adolf Hitler Japan- General Tojo Italy- Benito Mussolini • • • USA- Franklin D. Roosevelt Great Britain- Winston Churchill USSR- Joseph Stalin

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Axis as Aggressors

All pretty much Dictatorships GER/ITA Fascists and Japan Empire 1936- Hitler remilitarized Germany – Mussolini announces Rome-Berlin Axis – Germany Signs Anti-Communism Pact with Japan Japan Invades China GER annexes Austria and Czechoslovakia GER and USSR sign non-aggression pact GER invades Poland

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So begins World War II

France and Britain declare war on the Axis Soviets invade Poland Germans started take over of Europe Winston Churchill became prime minister On the same day Germany started the invasion of France A month and a half later France surrendered

Tactics

 German War tactics Blitzkrieg – Using tanks in small divisions to pierce the enemy line, then attack the line flank – Great speed was a must – To combat this divisions fought in columns

"The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin....“- Winston Churchill

  Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed England attempting destroy England’s Air defense and force a surrender RAF (English Air Force) turned them away

   Germany attacks Soviet Union June 22, 1941 Purpose was to rid the world communism Very bloody with little regard for human life

US policy towards Japan

    US stopped selling oil and steel to Japan Japan saw that as an act of war.

Japan wants raw materials Singapore- (UK) was taken by Japan

Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941

 Tora, Tora, Tora, code name of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

USS Yorktown Carrier

USS Arizona

    US battleship that was hit by the Japanese Schofied Barracks were also hit Wheeler Field- airfields attacked by Japan and Hichan Field – air force attacked “A day in which will live in infamy” FDR

Jeanette Rankin

 Jeanette Rankin - a member of Congress to vote against the war.

Japan moves to dominate the Pacific

    The United States is the only power blocking Japan’s plan to conquer the Pacific The Japanese had destroyed 75% of US naval power in the Pacific.

Philippines- was a US protectorate since 1898.

Douglas Macarthur- commanding officer.

General Douglas Macarthur

 Commander of American forces in the Philippines.

 “ I shall return”

Bataan Death March 1942

Bataan Death March 1942

 American troops were captured by the Japanese. US troops were forced to march 6 days, 90 miles

Japanese Americans

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Internment camps

were rounded up and put in camps.

Lost property

Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an Internment Camp

United States will fight a two front war.

 European front “European Theatre” North Africa, Italy  Eastern front, and northern France.

 Pacific front “Pacific Theatre” using air, naval, and man power,  Island hopping

Operation Torch

  United States troops will fight with British troops to stop Germans in North Africa.

Dwight Eisenhower- Commander of US troops.

Dwight Eisenhower

   US Commander of all US troops- North Africa.

His plan was to stop Hitler’s troops in North Africa.

oil

General George Patton

   US tank commander under Eisenhower “Old Blood and Guts” Battle of the Bulge largest battle of WWII

General Omar Bradley

     US commander Served under Eisenhower “G.I. General” 5 star general Lived in El Paso

Soft underbelly of Europe

  US and British troops attacked Sicily then moved into Italy.

Patton and Montgomery

Operation Overlord

     Code name for the invasion of Europe by Allies more commonly known as

D Day on June 6, 1944.

Largest fleet of ships and men.

Normandy, France Dwight Eisenhower commands the invasion forces at D-Day What does the “D” in D-Day stand for?

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Major U.S. campaigns

Invaded North Africa Storming the beaches at Normandy – 160,000 allied troops cross the English Channel onto France

Battle of the Bulge

 Last major offensive from Germany launched in December 1944.

Holocaust

-name given to the killing of 6 million Jews

German Concentration Camps

    Auschwitz Dauchau Treblinka Buchenwald

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Steps to the Holocaust

HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST - TIME LINE 1933

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1934

Books with ideas considered dangerous to Nazi beliefs are burned.

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1935

Jewish newspapers can no longer be sold in the streets.

– Jews are deprived of their citizenship and other basic rights. – The Nazis intensify the persecution of political people that don’t agree with his philosophy.

1936

– Nazis boycott Jewish-owned business. – Jews no longer have the right to vote.

1938

– On Kristallnacht, the 'Night of Broken Glass,' Nazis terrorized Jews throughout Germany and Austria - 30,000 Jews are arrested.

1939

– Hitler orders that Jews must follow curfews; Jews must turn in radios to the police; Jews must wear yellow stars of David.

1940

– Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland. – Jews are forced into ghettos.

– Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland.

– Jews are put into concentration camps

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Atrocities of the Holocaust

Death Marches Starvation Gas Chambers Medical Experiments – Dr. Mangele – Freeze, pressure chambers, chemical testing – Sewed twins together 6,000,000 Jews were murdered – Other victims include: Homosexuals, Mentally Disabled, Slavs and Gypsies

Dr. Mengele Angel of Death

Josef Mengele left Auschwitz disguised as a member of the regular German infantry.

Geneticist Many Nazi war criminals escaped to Argentina using false identities supplied by the Red Cross

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In attempts to fabricate blue eyes, drops or injections of chemicals would be put in the eyes. This often caused severe pain, infections, and temporary or permanent blindness.

Various surgeries without anesthesia including organ removal, castration, and amputations

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VE Day- Victory in Europe May 8, 1945

Hitler’s suicide On top of Hitler's bunker The entrance

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General George Marshall

Chief of Staff 5 star general (2 Pershing) nd man to do so after Head of all US forces in Pacific and Atlantic theaters.

Time Magazine in 1944 named Marshall “Man of the Year”  Once dubbed the “organizer of victory” by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in the World War II Marshall Plan , Marshall later became instrumental in the post-war reconstruction effort in Europe, which became known as . For this latter role Marshall received the Nobel Peace Prize distinction.

, the only professional soldier to hold that

United States & Australia are the two nations still fighting Japan in the Pacific

Jimmy Doolittle

   Aviator in Air Force Who comes up with plan to bomb Tokyo, and pilots how to take off from aircraft carriers.

“Doolittle’s Raid” in 1942

Douglas MacArthur

   US Military commander in the Pacific “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.” He received the formal Japanese surrender in September 1945, V-J Day.

Battle of Midway –turning point of the war

. 1942

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Pacific Theater

Japan – This included Naval battles at sea – And Island hoping – Used Navajo Code Talkers messengers for the U.S. spoke in Native language

US broke the Japanese code

 United States broke the Japanese code United States had an advantage over Japan.

Code Talkers

  Navajo Indians would send transmissions for United States.

Japanese military never broke the code.

Battles in the Pacific

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Saipan

-site where Marines attacked Japanese. Japanese committed suicide rather then surrender. 20,000

Iwo Jima site

where Americans raised the US flag and now a statue – Washington DC

Coral Seas-

Australia

Kamikaze Pilots

 “Divine wind” suicide pilots of Japan

Truman’s decision to use the Atomic Bomb

• President Truman later wrote that he "regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubts that it should be used." His advisers had warned him to expect massive casualties if the United States invaded Japan. Truman believed it was his duty as president to use every weapon available to save American lives.

Manhattan Project

 Code name for the development of the Atomic Bomb • Manhattan Project- efforts to develop the atomic bomb created by

Robert Oppenheimer

583 and General Leslie R. Groves Pg. 

Alamogordo New Mexico

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Fat Man and Little Boy names of Atomic Bombs

Hiroshima-August 6.1945

Nagasaki August 9, 1945

V-J Day August 15, 1945

It’s Finally Over!!!!!

Women in the war effort

      Rosie the Riveter-symbol of women making history working for victory.

Nurses Hollywood cafe USO Pin up girls Victory Girls

African Americans

   African Americans were in segregated units. Most were cooks, butlers, and fighting units.

Tuskegee Airmen

Segregated Units

Rationing

Issuing coupons to limit how much a person could buy.

sugar, oil, gas,

S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!

Get Your Ration Cards

Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond: It Will Lead to VICTORY!

Potsdam Conference

 Truman, Stalin, and Churchill

WW II Memorial in Washington, DC Dedicated on April 29, 2004

Chapter 17 Study Guide 10 Matching 12 Multiple Choice 10 TAKS map Multiple Choice: Matching:

        Pearl Harbor VJ Day VE Day Axis Powers Allies Fat Man Manhattan Project D Day         Operation Torch Battle of the Bulge D Day Hiroshima/Nagasaki Internment camps Kamikazes Eisenhower Patton