Transcript A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish

A model on university-enterprise
cooperation: Turkish Experience
Prof. Dr. S. Engin Kılıç and Dr. Gökhan Demirci
ODAGEM OSTIM Collaborative R&D Center Co.
OSTIM-METU Technopark, Cevat Dündar Cad. No:156/A Ankara, TURKEY
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
CONTENT
• University vs Industry: Definitions, Functions and
Goals
• Cooperation: Necessity for the benefit to society
• Background on early attempts: Personal experience
in Turkey
• Current instruments and models available in Turkey
• On-going struggle toward an intimate collaboration
model
• Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technologies
Collaborative R&D Network and Platform
• Conclusion
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
University vs Industry:
Definitions, Functions and Goals
In dictionary:
• University is an institution of higher learning providing facilities for
teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees;
specifically : one made up of an undergraduate division which
confers bachelor's degrees and a graduate division which comprises
a graduate school and professional schools each of which may
confer master's degrees and doctorates.
• Industry is the systematic labor especially for some useful purpose
or the creation of something of value (i.e. product or service) to
satisfy human needs. Industry also means the organization or
enterprise (i.e. company or group of companies) of a craft, art,
business, or manufacture; that employs a large personnel and capital
especially in manufacturing and aims to make profit.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
University vs Industry:
Definitions, Functions and Goals
Taken from the presentation “Models of University- Industry Cooperation” by James A. Severson, Ph.D.,
Vice Provost for Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, University of Washington on December 13, 2004.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Cooperation: Necessity for the benefit to
society
Curricula
based on
those in a
model
country
If not
matching
with
Graduates with
specialized
knowledge and skills
never demanded by
industry
or
Particular
needs of
natioanal/local
industry
Graduates with
deficiency in their
knowledge and
skills
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Cooperation: Necessity for the benefit to
society
• University may develop technology, but unless it is transferred to industry
and end up with innovation, it won’t be having any value to both of the
parties and to the society.
• Close cooperation between university and industry is needed to shape
university curricula to the needs of industry to raise graduates to meet the
requirements of the industry and also to carry out research to direct
scientific knowledge toward technology development and technology to
innovation for the benefit of society and industry.
• In order to establish a sound cooperation and synergy between university
and technology, the basic requirement is that both parties should deeply
and sincerely feel the urgent need for such cooperation and then start
working together, using available financial instruments and support
programs at national and international levels.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Background on early attempts: Personal
experience in Turkey
• Until 1980s: bilateral applied research project contract between the
company and the university on behalf of the faculty to work for the project
through the revolving fund of the university.
•The company would pay for the full project amount to the fund and the
fund would pay about 35% of that amount to the project researchers,
•Projects mostly from government agencies and government owned
industry.
• 1979 MATIMAREN (Machine Design and Production Research Institute)
established at the Department of Mechanical engineering, Middle East
Technical University (METU), Turkey.
•Groups involved in applied research projects
•Technology and know-how generation and transfer through large scale
industrial projects to various sectors
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Background on early attempts:
Personal experience in Turkey
•UMTIK(Conference on machine design and production) initiated in 1984
first as a national biannual event which became international in 1994 to
dissaminate know-how generated through its activities; UMTIK 2004 will
be held in 3-5 September in Istanbul
• Until 1990 TUBITAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey) would support only academic research projects with extremely
limited amounts
• After 1990, involvement of industry in the projects proposed by the
engineering faculty was first encouraged by TUBITAK through recognizing
industrial contributions to their budget as a positive factor in their evaluation
•TUBITAK also started to support EUREKA projects established by the
joint efforts of university and its industrial partner in limited amounts.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Current instruments and models
available in Turkey
New TUBITAK programs to support research projects from industry and
to encourage university-industry cooperation (After the second half of
1990s):
• Industrial R&D Grant Program: Project expenditures are reimbursed semi-annually up
to 60%. Evaluators of these projects are appointed from universities. Consultation
and/or direct involvement in research by faculty are highly advised and urged.
• USAMP, University-Industry Collaborative Research Centers Program: TUBITAK would
provide a matching fund if certain fund is raised by the partnering industrialists to
conduct joint research with a university based on a budget described in the universityindustry jointly prepared project proposal. TUBITAK’s grant was subject to peer review
on the proposed project. Six of such centers were established and all were quite
successful in conducting collaborative research until the program was ceased in 2006
and the centers were urged to become companies independent of TUBITAK.
• R&D Brokerage Event Grant Programme: aims to facilitate R&D collaboration between
university and industry.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Current instruments and models
available in Turkey
 Technoparks have been established where universities and research
institutes - in collaboration with commercial companies - have started to
create a competitive technology-based industry, as well as procure the
technological infrastructure which will ease the access of foreign capital for
high-technology.
The first Technopark established at the Middle East Technical
University in 1992.
Currently there are 23 registered technoparks in various parts of
Turkey.
Technoparks have certain tax advantages and ease of employing
academicians in research projects.
Act as incubation platforms to constitute university-industry cooperation
and to create innovative high technology spin-off companies from
university graduates and academicians.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Current instruments and models
available in Turkey
 After 2000, overall research expenditure of Turkey aimed to be icreased to
2% of the NGP by 2010s to catch up with the European countries.
 Budget to support scientific, technological and industrial projects increased
 New programs and support instruments established
SME Funding Program: same as Industrial R&D Grant Program, but
with easier application, evaluation and funding
Technopreneurship Funding Program (for recent university graduates
with innovative ideas to start new businesses)
The Support Program for the Initiative to Establish Scientific and
Technological Cooperation Networks and Platforms: supports the
establishment of cooperation networks and platforms between national
and international corporations, units and groups in areas such as basic
sciences, engineering, health and social sciences
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
TUBITAK Research Grants**
130
120
110
100
90
Million EUR
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
* As of 31 December 2006
** 2005 constant prices
2004
2005
2006*
Project Applications to Technology and
Innovation Grant Programmes
800
711
700
600
595
434
418
400
374
333
274
200
121
266
271
182
173
145
251
260
178
176
360
316
300
100
481
503
500
269
233
50
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Number of Project
Applications
2002
2003
2004
2005
Number of Companies
2006
Technology and Innovation Grants
(Million EURO)
106,3
78,8
35,8
37,0
25,2
22,5
2000
32,7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Technology and Innovation Grant Programmes
Project Evaluators
3500
3163
3000
2500
2430
2000
1795
1529
1500
1255
1028
1000
500
739
390
121
511
572
372
167
61
289
0
2002
2003
Evaluators’ Reports
2004
Evaluators
2005
2006
New evaluators
Technology and Innovation Grant Programmes
Project Evaluators
3500
3163
3000
2500
2430
2000
1795
1529
1500
1255
1028
1000
500
739
390
121
511
572
372
167
61
289
0
2002
2003
Evaluators’ Reports
2004
Evaluators
2005
2006
New evaluators
On-going struggle toward an intimate
collaboration model
Motivation:
• OSTIM, a large industrial site with more than 2000 SMEs
(production units, mostly with less than 10 employees and without
an engineer) about 10km away from METU
•
•
•
•
Under common management seeking cooperation withMETU since 1980s
Badly in need of collaboration with university in terms of products, use of
resources and human resources:especially engineers
Deficiency in technical knowledge to communnicate directly with university
Lack of financial resources to get technical support, training and R/D from
university through revolving funds
• METU, one of the best universities, not only in Turkey
•
•
•
•
A group of faculty ready for such cooperation
Possibilty of having coop students at undergraduate and graduate levels
New research areas
Source for technology transfer to practice new ideas
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
On-going struggle toward an intimate
collaboration model
Incentive:
• University-Industry Cooperative Research Centers
program (USAMP) constituted by TUBİTAK in 1997
•
•
•
•
A matching fund by TUBITAK for 5 years, equal to the amont raised by
partnering companies to establish a center aiming for collaborative
research with a particular university
Subject to the university and the partnering companies prepare a
project proposal with a detailed working plan and a budget and
approved by TUBITAK after a peer revewing process
Director ofthe center: from the university; executive committee: 5
company representatives, one representative from the university and
one representative from TUBITAK
Annual activty reports subject to rigorous financial, technical and
scientific reviewing process
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
On-going struggle toward an intimate
collaboration model
Problems to tackle:
• Finding the companies in need of common research and willing to
contribute to the budget
•
•
•
A field survey comprising about 200 promising companies was conducted using
questionnaires.
Face to face interviews with about 20 bosses of the most eligible companies and
a number of meetings open to all interested OSTIM companies were arranged.
Finally 14 leading companies in OSTIM besides OSTIM management were
convinced to contribute to the center in 2004
• Common research topics not easy to find to be shared by
companies and matched by TUBITAK due to diversity in companies
•
•
Basic membership to share costs for managerial and common activities
Active membership for individual tasks done for such members, 60% of the
matching fund added to the their budgets
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
On-going struggle toward an intimate
collaboration model
Problems to tackle (continued):
• High cost of having academicians work in industrial projects
•
•
Academicians could get only about 35% even less (after taxes) the amount paid by the
companies through revolving fund
If the center could be founded in Technopark, researhers and academicians working at the
center would be exepted from income taxes and direct payment to academicians would be
possible. Hence METU-Technopark area was extended to OSTIM. TUBITAK-ODAGEM as
METU-OSTIM Collaborative Research Center was ready to operate in METU-OSTIM
Technopark from the beginning of 2005.
• University-industry collaborative research (USAMP) centers without
legal status
•
•
•
Centers were entities defined by TUBITAK without a proper legal status, hence matching
funds were stopped in the second part of 2005 without stopping their operation.
They were asked to become companies by the end of 2006, removing TUBITAK from their
title.
Eligibility for TUBITAK support only through a network project prepared for the new TUBITAK
program: Initiative to Establish Scientific and Technological Cooperation Networks and
Platforms (ISBAP).
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
On-going struggle toward an intimate
collaboration model
Problems to tackle (continued):
• TUBITAK-ODAGEM changed its name to ODAGEM, OSTIM
Collaborative R/D Center Co., and became a company with 25
partners (19 companies, one university: TOBB University of
Economy and Technology, OSTIM Management and 4
academicians).
• A three-year net-work project proposal “Advanced
Manufacturing Systems and Technologies Collaborative
R&D Network and Platform” was prepared and submitted for
TUBITAK approval.
• The project was approved by TUBITAK; ODAGEM continued its
operations as an interface and a net-work coordinator to
promote industry-university cooperation since July 2007.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Advanced Manufacturing Systems and
Technologies Collaborative R&D Network and
Platform
Aims:
• To establish a model R/D cooperation network and platform in the
area of production, technology development, design, product
development, quality and management systems for the Turkish
Industrial sites where many SMEs, considered to be the building
blocks of Turkish Industry, operated together.
•
To include as many universities and large companies as possible in this
network to accelerate the process of SMEs to understand and compensate
their deficiencies in technological, structural, managerial systematic
capabilities through direct technology transfer.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Advanced Manufacturing Systems and
Technologies Collaborative R&D Network and
Platform
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Advanced Manufacturing Systems and
Technologies Collaborative R&D Network and
Platform
Project work packages:
1. Project management: establishment and maintenance of the network
2. Web-site and data-base construction
3. National/international co operations and related agreements
4. Determination of national scientific and technological development
goals and forming road maps
5. Development of national/international project proposals
6. Educational and training activities
7. Certification services
8. Consultancy and technical services
9. R/D for SMEs
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Advanced Manufacturing Systems and
Technologies Collaborative R&D Network and
Platform
Current Achivements:
•
Yearly budget has already gone over 500 miilion NTL.
•
ODAGEM model is constantly being improved to embrace all the
companies in OSTIM, raising their levels to take part in those work
packages.
•
ODAGEM performed and at least started activities in all of the work
packages in 2007.
•
The network will be enlarged to include
•
•
more and more universities (currently four universities)
•
more and more large companies (currently three companies)
•
more and more SMEs ( currently more than twenty)
•
possibly international companies and universities
Administrative board of the network will be established in 2008.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
CONCLUSION
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Industry-university cooperation needs a lot of effort and patience.
Time and good practices are needed to ripen the proper conditions for such
cooperation.
It took years to establish a concrete model for industry and university
cooperation in Ankara, Turkey: ODAGEM.
ODAGEM will definitely show the companies in OSTIM and elsewhere the
advantages of cooperation with universities and other companies raising
their technological and managerial capabilities.
The universities will also benefit, finding new research topics resulting in
innovation.
Young graduates will have better carrier opportunities and may even try to
establish their own spin-off firms.
Although the model is highly promising, it still needs years to become selfsustaining and self growing.
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR PATIENCE
A model on university-enterprise cooperation: Turkish Experience
EUE-Net Kick-off Meeting, February 7, 2008, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania