Transcript Chapter One
Chapter Seven
Other Leadership Perspectives: Upper Echelon and Leadership of Nonprofits
Factors that Differentiate Micro and Macro Leadership
Who the leader is Scope of responsibility Focus Effectiveness criteria
The Domain of Strategic Leaders
Structure Technology Strategy Strategic Leaders Leadership Environment Culture
Dual Role of Strategic Leaders
Leader
Moderating Factors
Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation
PERFORMANCE
Moderators of Executive Discretion
External Factors Uncertainty Type of industry Market growth Legal constraints Internal Factors Stability Size and structure Culture Stage of organizational development TMT and BOD
Strategic Leadership Types
High challenge seeking
HIGH-CONTROL INNOVATOR (HCI) Challenge-seeker who maintains tight control over organization PARTICIPATIVE INNOVATOR (PI) Challenge-seeker who delegates control of organization
CHALLENGE SEEKING
Low challenge seeking
STATUS QUO GUARDIAN (SQG) Challenge-averse who maintains tight control over organization PROCESS MANAGER (PM) Challenge-averse who delegates control of organization
High control Low control
NEED FOR CONTROL
How Executives Affect their Organizations
Leader Environment • Direct Decisions • Allocation of resources • Reward system • Selection of other leaders • Promotions • Role modeling Strategy Culture Structure Technology Leadership
Direct Decisions
• Vision • Mission • Strategy • Structure • Organizational culture - ?
• Selection of other leaders
Allocation of Resources and Reward System
Decisions regarding funding and budgets; Allocation of resources to support goals Formal rewards such as salary and bonuses Informal rewards such as recognition Promotion of other leaders and managers
Setting the Norm and Role Modeling
Setting decision criteria and rules by which others make decisions Active or subtle role modeling of behaviors and styles
Factors that Affect Executives’ Salaries
Firm size Industry competition CEO power and discretion Internationalization High stress and instability
Characteristics of Nonprofits
Operate without profit Funds reinvested inside the organization Public service mission Voluntary board of directors Funded through contributions
Leadership Challenges in Nonprofits
Leaders must rely on participatory leadership to build consensus Strong ethical requirements Motivating and retaining employees Finding and training future leaders