MUSCLES

A T T A C H M E N T S A N D M O V E M E N T S

MUSCLES OF SHOULDER GIRDLE

• • • • • Trapezius Rhomboids Serratus Anterior Levator Scapulae Pectoralis Minor

TRAPEZIUS

• • • Proximal Attachments: Occipital Bone, Ligamentus Nuchae, Thoracic Vertebrae Distal Attachments: Spine of Scapula, Distal posterior 1/3 of the scapula.

Movements: Elevation, Retraction, Depression, Upward Rotation

RHOMBOIDS

• • Proximal Attachment- c7-t5 of vertebrae Distal Attachment- Vertebral (Medial Border of the scapula.

• Movements: elevation, retraction, downward rotation.

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

• • Proximal Attachment- the top of the back surface of the top nine ribs.

Distal Attachment- Vertebral Border of the scapula on the underside • Movements- upward rotation, protraction

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

• • Proximal Attachment- Transverse Process of the top 4 cervical vertebrae.

Distal Attachment- Superior angle of the scapula • Movements- Elevation of scapula, lateral flexion of the neck

PECTORALIS MINOR

• • Proximal Attachment- 3-5 th rib Distal Attachment- corocoid process • Movements depression, downward rotation, protraction

MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER JOINT (GLENOHUMERAL JOINT) • • • • • • • Anterior Deltoid Medial Deltoid Posterior Deltoid Pectoralis Major Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Rotator Cuff Muscles • InfraSpinatus • SupraSpinatus • Subscapularis • Teres Minor

ANTERIOR DELTOID

• • Proximal Attachment-distal anterior 1/3 of the clavicle Distal Attachment- deltoid tuberosity (humerus) • Movements: flexion, inward rotation, minor in horizontal adduction

POSTERIOR DELTOID

• • Proximal Attachment- spine of scapula Distal Attachment- deltoid tuberosity • Movements: outward rotation, extension, horizontal abduction

MEDIAL DELTOID

• • Proximal Attachment- acromion process Distal Attachment- deltoid tuberosity • Movements: abduction

PECTORALIS MAJOR

• • Proximal Attachments- sternum, clavicle Distal Attachment- bicepital groove (humerus) • Movements: horizontal adduction, inward rotation, flexion.

LATISSIMUS DORSI

• • Proximal Attachment- crest of ilium via lumbosacral fascia, lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, all of lumbar vertebrae Distal Attachment- bicepital groove (humerus) • Movements: extension, inward rotation, adduction

TERES MAJOR

• • Proximal Attachment- inferior angle of the scapula Distal Attachment- bicepital groove (humerus) • Movements: extension, inward rotation, adduction

INFRASPINATUS (ROT.CUF.)

• • Proximal Attachment- infraspinus fossa Distal Attachment- greater tubericle • Movements: outward rotation, horizontal abduction

SUPRASPINATUS (ROT.CUF.)

• • Proximal Attachment- supraspinus fossa Distal Attachment- top of the greater tubericle • Movements: abduction

SUBSCAPULARIS (ROT.CUF.)

• • Proximal Attachment- subscapular fossa Distal Attachment- lesser tubericle • Movements: medial rotation, horizontal adduction

TERES MINOR (ROT.CUF.)

• • Proximal Attachment- axillary (lateral) border of the scapula Distal Attachment- greater tubericle • Movements: outward rotation, horizontal abduction

MUSCLES OF THE ELBOW

• • • • Triceps Biceps Brachialis Brachioradialis

TRICEPS

• • Proximal Attachment: (long head) underneath glenoid fossa, (lateral head) back of the humerus about an inch below the head of the humerus, back surface of the humerus.

Distal Attachment: ulecranon process • Movements: Elbow extension

BICEPS

• • Proximal Attachment: On top of the glenoid fossa, corocoid process Distal Attachment: radial tuberosity • Movements: Elbow flexion, forearm supination

BRACHIALIS

• • Proximal Attachment: distal anterior 2/3 of the humerus Distal Attachment: coronoid process (ulna) • Movements: Elbow flexion,

BRACHIORADIALIS

• • Proximal Attachment: supracondylar ridge of humerus Distal Attachment: styloid process of the radius • Movements: elbow flexion, forearm pronation

WRIST FLEXORS

• • Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus Distal Attachment: Carpals, and Metacarpals (Palm side) • Movements: Wrist flexion

WRIST EXTENSORS

• • Proximal Attachment: lateral epicondyle of the humerus Distal Attachment: dorsal surface of the carpals and metacarpals.

• Movements: wrist extension, and wrist hyperextension

MUSCLES OF THE HIP

• • • • • • • • • Sartorius Rectus Femoris Psoas Illiacus Tensor Fascia Latae Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Hip Adductor Muscles

SARTORIUS

• • Proximal Attachment: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Distal Attachment: Tibial Tuberosity • Movements: Hip Flexion, Knee Flexion, Outward rotation, Abduction

RECTUS FEMORIS

• • Proximal Attachment: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Distal Attachment: Tibial Tuberosity • Movements: Hip Flexion, Knee Extension

PSOAS

• • Proximal Attachment: Anterior portion of all Lumbar Vertebrae Distal Attachment: Lesser Trochanter of the Femur • Movements: Hip Flexion, Outward Rotation

ILIACUS

• • Proximal Attachment: Inside of the Ilium Distal Attachment: Lesser trochanter of the Femur • Movements: Hip flexion, outward rotation, adduction

TENSOR FASCIA LATAE

• • Proximal Attachment: Behind the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Distal Attachment: Lateral Tibia via the IT band • Movements: Stabilizes the IT Tract, Assists in Hip flexion and inward rotation.

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

• • Proximal Attachment: Crest of the Ilium, Lumbo sacral fascia, Sacrum Distal Attachment: Greater Trochanter of the Femur, IT Tract • Movements: Hip Extension, Outward Rotation

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

• • Proximal Attachment: Crest of Ilium, Outside Fossa of the Ilium. Distal Attachment: Anterior Portion of the Greater Trochanter • Movements: Abduction, Inward Rotation

GLUTEUS MINIMUS

• • Proximal Attachment: Same as Medius Distal Attachment: Same as Medius • Movements: Abduction, inward rotation.

HIP ADDUCTORS

• • Proximal Attachment: Inferior Ramus Distal Attachment: Lineaspera of the Femur • Movements: Adduction, Outward Rotation.

MUSCLES OF THE KNEE

• • • • • • • • • Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius Semitendinosis Semimembranosis Biceps Femoris Gastrocnemius Soleus Anterior Tibialis

VASTUS LATERALIS

• • Proximal Attachment: linea aspera Distal Attachment: tibial tuberosity • Movements: knee extension

VASTUS MEDIALIS

• • Proximal Attachment: linea aspera Distal Attachment: tibial tuberosity • Movements: knee extension

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

• • Proximal Attachment: upper anterior 2/3 of femur Distal Attachment: tibial tuberosity • Movements: knee extension

SEMIMEMBRANOSIS

• • Proximal Attachment: Ishial Tuberosity Distal Attachment: Medial portion of tibial tuberosity (same as the sartorius) • Movements: Knee Flexion, hip extension, medial rotation

SEMITENDINOSIS

• • Proximal Attachment: Ishial Tuberosity Distal Attachment: Medial tibia tuberosity • Movements: knee flexion, hip extension, medial rotation.

BICEPS FEMORIS

• • Proximal Attachment: Long Head- Ishial Tuberosity, Short Head- Linea aspera Distal Attachment: Tibia, and lateral fibula • Movements: knee flexion, hip extension,

GASTROCNEMIUS

• • Proximal Attachment: back of femur (condyles of the knee) Distal Attachment: Calcaneus • Movements: Plantarflexion, assists in knee flexion

SOLEUS

• • • • Proximal Attachment: Posterior tibia and fibula Distal Attachment: calcaneus (underneath the gastrocnemius Movements: plantar flexion

ANTERIOR TIBIALIS

• • Proximal Attachment: lateral tibia Distal Attachment: top of the 1 st metatarsal • Movements: dorsiflexion, inversion

SPINAL MUSCLES

• • • • Erector Spinae Abdominus Rectus Internal Obliques External Obliques

ERECTOR SPINAE

• • Proximal Attachment: spinus and vertebral processes of the vertebrae Distal Attachment: “ “, lumbosacral fascia • Movements: extension and hyperextension of the spine.

ABDOMINUS RECTUS

• • Proximal Attachment: pelvis Distal Attachment: costal cartilage of 5-7 ribs • Movements: flexion, lateral flexion

INTERNAL OBLIQUES

• • Proximal Attachment: linea alba, lower 4 ribs Distal Attachment: crest of the ilium, lumbosacral fascia, ingual ligament • Movements: rotation, flexion, lateral flexion

EXTERNAL OBLIQUES

• • Proximal Attachment: bottom 8 ribs, Distal Attachment: linea alba, and crest of the ilium • Movements: flexion, lateral flexion, rotation