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SIPROTEC 4
7SA522
Distance Protection
for Transmission Lines
Productmanager Distance Protection
Michael Claus
EV S V 13 Nürnberg H
Phone: +49 911 433 8261
Fax: +49 911 433 8301
Email: [email protected]
7SA522
Distance Protection for Transmission Lines
Distance protection
Info - 3
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SIPROTEC 7SA522
Front design
Navigation Keys
 convenient menu
operation
4-line back-lit display
 Measured values
 Fault data
4 freely assignable
function keys with slot
for legend text
 Turning ON/OFF of
functions
 Control of switchgear
(plant)
14 LED´s for user
assignment and slot
to insert legend text
9-pole
service interface
 standard cable
 DIGSI 4
Distance protection
Proven numeric keypad
 secure entry of numbers
 easy password entry
Width of housing
1/2 of 19" or 1full 19“ rack
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SIPROTEC 7SA522
Terminals and Communication Interfaces
Width of housing
1/2 of 19" or full 19"
Binary inputs 8 (16*, 24*)
Output contacts 16 (24*,32*)
(*in full 19“ rack housing)
Open to new techniques
(methods)
electric or fibre optic (FO)
process or 2nd remote relay
interface
Remote relay interface (plan)
electric or fibre optic (FO)
for protection signalling
System interface
electric or fibre optic
IEC60870-5-103 or Profibus
4 Current Transformers (CT)
FMS (approx. 12/00)
option with
in future DNP3.0, MODBUS
Ienormal or Iesensitive
and Profibus DP
Service interface
Time synchronization
electrical or fibre optic (FO) GPS
DIGSI 4 via Modem
with IRIG-B and DCF-77
4 Voltage Transformers (VT)
Distance protection
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7SA522
Connection Diagram: Basic Version
Optional
Sensitivity:
• normal
• high (5mA)
Connection:
• Ven
• Vsync
• Vx
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
R15
R16
R17
IL1
IL2
IL3
I4
VL1
VL2
R18
VL3
R13
R14
V4
K5
K6
K7
K8
K9
K10
K11
K12
K13
K14
K15
K16
Fast BO1
Fast BO2
Fast BO3
Fast BO4
Fast BO5
Fast BO6
Fast BO7
BO8
BO9
BO10
BO11
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
R10
R11
R12
BO12
K17
K18
J1
J2
J3
BO 14
BI 1
BI 2
BI 3
J4
J5
J6
BI 4
J7
J8
J9
J10
J11
J12
BI 6
Distance protection
BO 13
BO 15
Live status contact
NC or NO with Jumper
K3
K4
BI 5
=
=
(~)
BI 7
BI 8
Serial
Interfaces
+
-
K1
K2
Remote Relay
Interface #2
E
Remote Relay
Interface #1
D
Service Port
DIGSI, Modem
C
System/Scada
B
Front Port
IRIG-B
Version
Width
A
No. of No. of
Binary Output
Inputs Relays
Basic
½ x 19“
8
16
Medium 1/1 x 19“
16
24
Maximum 1/1 x 19“
24
32
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7SA522
Single Line Diagram
D i r e c t i o n a l Over- STUB
G ro u n d
current O/C
Gnd
Fault
Distance Locator O / C
52
21
21N
FL
50N
51N
50 50N-2
51 51N-2
67N
50STUB
L
o
c
a
l/T
e
leC
tr
l.
C
o
m
m
a
n
d
s
C
B
In
d
ic
a
tio
n
s
TripCircuit
supervision
74TC
86
Lockout
68
68T
Power
Swing
85-21
27WI
8 5 -6 7 N
Pilot Weak
Dist. infeed
Teleprotection schemes
can use one channel or
two redundant channels to
the remote end
Distance protection
P ilo t
Gnd
50HS
50BF
59
2
5
S
y
n
c
h
ro
Switch Bkr. O v e r h
e
c
k
onto- fail. v o l t a g e c
Flt. O/C
Operat.
values
Supervision
7
9
A
u
to
re
c
lo
s
u
re
CFC Logic
Serial Communication
Interfaces
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SIPROTEC 7SA522
Scope of functions (1)
ANSI-No.
 Distance Protection
21, 21N
 quadrilateral and/or MHO characteristic
 full scheme measurement with sophisticated loop selection
 three phase and single phase tripping
 five independent zones and one controlled overreach zone
 all zones can be set forward/reverse/non-directional
 with/without parallel line compensation
 special filtering for CVT transients
 special algorithm for detection and compensation of CT
saturation
 Fault Locator with/without parallel line compensation
FL
 Universal teleprotection interface
(PUTT, POTT, Blocking, Unblocking, DTT...)
85-21
Distance protection
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SIPROTEC 7SA522
Scope of functions (2)
 High resistance earth fault protection
for earthed systems
ANSI-No.
50N, 51N,
67N
 directional and/or non-directional
 4 stages
 definite-time and/or inverse-time characteristic
 high sensitivity (3 mA secondary)
 backup protection running in parallel to the distance
protection
 Teleprotection interface for earth fault protection
(Directional comparison, Blocking, Unblocking)
85-67N
 Weak infeed protection
(Echo and Trip)
WI
 Power swing blocking/out-of-step tripping
68
Distance protection
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SIPROTEC 7SA522
Scope of functions (3)
ANSI-No.
 Overcurrent protection DMTL/IDMTL as parallel or
emergency function
50, 51
50N-2, 51N-2
 Overvoltage protection
59
 Fast tripping with switch-onto-fault condition
50HS
 STUB Bus Overcurrent protection
50-STUB
 Single and three pole multishot automatic reclosure
79
 Synchro-check
25
 Circuit-breaker failure protection
50BF
Distance protection
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SIPROTEC 7SA522
Scope of functions (4)
ANSI-No.
 Trip Circuit Supervision
74TC
 Lock Out
86
 Oscillographic Fault Recording
FR
 Voltage Phase Sequence
47
 Interfaces
 Time synchronization (IRIG-B, DCF77)
 User interface#1 (on the front for DIGSI 4)
 User-(Service-)interface #2 (on the rear, DIGSI 4/Modem)
 System interface (IEC60870-5-103/Profibus FMS*/others)
 Remote relay interfaces #1 (planned for teleprotection)
 Remote relay interfaces #2 (planned for teleprotection)
* available in Version 4.2 approx. 1. Q/01
Distance protection
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SIPROTEC 7SA522
Quadrilateral Zone Characteristic
rd
wa
for
X
s
Line
Z5
Z4
Z2
Z1B

rev
e
Z1
rse

Load
Load
R
forw
ard
s
Z3
rev
ers
e
Distance protection
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SIPROTEC 7SA522
MHO Zone Characteristic
X
Line
Z5
Z4
Z1B
Z2
Z1

Load
Load
R
Z3 (if revers)
Distance protection
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MHO characteristic
Effect of polarization
Im( V )
Example: 2 phase fault B-C
delta V = Z R x (I B - I C) - V BC
a > 90° and b < 90°
--> internal fault
Z R x ( I B - I C)
b
a
kpol x (V BC, memory - V BC)
V BC
Without memory
polarization
With memory
polarization
V Pol
Re( V )
Distance protection
Symbols:
ZR
V BC
I B, I C
k pol
zone setting
measured fault voltage
measured fault currents
polarization factor (0.15%)
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7SA522 - Trip time curves at SIR = 1
SIR=1 (A-G)
50
45
40
tripping time (ms)
35
30
EPAC 3000 Doku
SEL321 Doku
25
7SA522 gemessen
EPAC31/35
20
15
10
5
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
% of zone setting
Distance protection
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7SA522 - Parallel-line compensation: connection and setting
L1 (A)
L2 (B)
L3 (C)
Busbar
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
52
Line
Distance protection
Circuit
breaker
IL1(A)
IL2(B)
IL3(C)
I4
52
Circuit
breaker
Parallel line
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7SA522 - Fault locator
Distance protection
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7SA522 - Teleprotection Schemes
Configuration
Distance protection
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7SA522 - Phase segregated Teleprotection
2
2
L2-E
Z1
Z1B
A
1
L1-E
Z1
1
B
Z1B
A1 trips single-phase in L1 with a phase-segregated L1-receive-signal
 Maximum of Selectivity
Note: 3 binary channels for both directions are requested or (in preparation) one serial link
Distance protection
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7SA522 - Teleprotection with three-terminal lines
Software provides
teleprotection of threeterminal lines without
additional logic
Distance protection
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7SA522 - Echo and Tripping in case of no-infeed or weak-infeed
Configuration
Settings
Matrix
The receive signal is derived from :
and
*Three-terminal schemes are supported as well
Phase segregated weak-infeed tripping
Note: The echo signal must be marshalled
in addition to the send signal on the
transmission signal contact
Distance protection
!
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7SA522
High Resistance Earth Fault Protection (1)
 Earth (zero sequence) current protection, 4 stages
 3 definite-time stages
 1 inverse-time stage: IEC, logarithmic inverse or ANSI characteristic
this stage can also be used as a 4th definite-time stage
 Directional determination with 3V0 and/or Ipol of an earthed power
transformer
 Directional determination with V2 and I2 (negative sequence)
 Sensitive 3I0-measurement with a dynamic from 0.005 A to 100 x In
 Elimination of higher harmonics with special digital filters
 Inrush-stabilisation with I0/100Hz
 Teleprotection: Directional comparison, Blocking or Unblocking
 Operation with weak infeed trip and echo
 Instantaneous trip after switch-onto-fault
Distance protection
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7SA522
High Resistance Earth Fault Protection (2)
T
Definite-time characteristic
T3I0>
T3I0>>
T3I0>>>
3I0>
Distance protection
3I0>>
3I0>>>
3I0
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7SA522
High Resistance Earth Fault Protection (3)
T
Inverse-time characteristic: IEC
Tp =1
Pickup: a = 1.1 x 3I0/IP
Reset: b = 1.045 x 3I0/IP
0 ba
Distance protection
20
3I0/Ip
Info - 24
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7SA522
High Resistance Earth Fault Protection (4)
IEC-characteristic:
normal inverse: t s  
extremly inverse: t s  
0.14
0.02
 I 
 
 Ip 
80
 I 
 
 Ip 
ANSI-characteristic:






A
t s   

B
* D
N
 I 


1




 Ip

 

very inverse: t s  
* Tp
1
long time inverse: t s   I
120
* Tp
2 
13.5
* Tp
I
1
Ip
1
Ip
Inverse
short inverse
long inverse
moderately inverse
* Tp
1
very inverse
extremly inverse
definite inverse
Logarithmic-inverse characteristic:
t s   T 3I 0P max T 3I 0P * ln
Distance protection
3I 0
for t>T3I0Pmin, otherwise: t[s]=T3I0Pmin
3I 0P
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7SA522
High Resistance Earth Fault Protection (5)
Earth fault
direction
Inrushstabilisation
EF IE> Echo
EF Fault Det.
SOTF
Teleprotection
>EF Trip rel.
P
Direc. 3I0>>>
P
3I0>>>
=
&
EF>>> Trip
T
&
3I0>>> Def. Time Stage
>EF>>> block
3I0>> Def. Time Stage
3I0> Def. Time Stage
P Direc. 3I0p
P 3I0p
&
=
&
EFp Trip
P3146 AddTdelay
T(3I0/IN)
T
Inverse Time Stage
>EFp block
= Input signal
(binary input)
Distance protection
P
= Parameter
= Output Signal
(alarm, command)
Info - 26
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7SA522
High Resistance Earth Fault Protection (6)
Tripping characteristic Logarithmic Inverse
t
10
T3I0pmax (P3145)
9
8
T3I0p (P3144)
7
3I0p(P3140)
6
Example: t = 5.8 - 1.35 ln(3I0 / 3I0p)
5
4
3
2
T3I0min
(P3141) 1
0
0
5
10
3I0p Startpoint(P3154)
Distance protection
15
20
25
30
35
3I0 / 3I0p
Info - 27
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7SA522
High Resistance Earth Fault Protection (6)
Filter characteristic for stages 3I0>>> and 3I0>>
dB
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
-160
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
f/fn
Distance protection
Info - 28
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7SA522
High Resistance Earth Fault Protection (7)
Filter characteristic for stages 3I0> and Inverse time stage
dB
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
-160
-170
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
f/fn
Distance protection
Info - 29
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7SA522 - STUB protection for 11/2-circuit breaker arrangement
Busbar A
CB
(A)
Ik = IA+ IB
line isolator 1
feeder 1
IA
stub fault
CB
(C)
IB
feeder 2
line isolator 2
CB
(B)
Release of STUB-stage with open line isolator:
Busbar B
Distance protection
Info - 30
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7SA522 - Monitoring
Operating system monitoring
Plausibility monitoring

Auxiliary voltage failure

 Current sum
Measured value detection

Buffer battery
 Current symmetry

Hardware–Watchdog

Software–Watchdog

Working memory
 1- / 2-pole failures

Program memory
 3-pole failures

Parameter memory
 Voltage sum

Sampling frequency
 Voltage symmetry

1/5 A–setting

 Voltage phase rotation
Calibration data

Earth current
transformer
sensitive/normal

Modules (I/O Boards)
Distance protection
 Open conductor
 Fuse Failure
Info - 31
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!