Transcript Computerized Vocational Training

Computerized Vocational Training
& Employable Skills
Uncommon Opportunities:
Roadmap for Employment, Food & Global Security
November 21, 2004
The Mother’s Service Society
Pondicherry, India
1
Employable Skills
 50% of firms in developing and industrialized
countries report severe shortage of skilled workers.
 India’s problem is not lack of employment
opportunities but lack of employable skills.
 Skills create employment and self-employment
opportunities.
2
Vocational Skills Gap
 Only 5% of India’s workforce (20-24 years) have
vocational training compared with 28% in Mexico
and 96% in Korea.
 By 2010 major labour shortages will emerge in the
industrialized nations forcing movement of both
manufacturing & service jobs to wherever the skills
are best.
 Upgrading skills essential to tap global markets
3
Vocational Training in India
 4200 ITIs
 1,654 government run
 2,620 private
 Courses offered
 43 engineering & 24 non-engineering trades
 Capacity – 6.3 lakhs
 State enterprise programmes – 1.7 lakh
 Including agriculture & other – 20 lakh
4
Vocational Training Deficit
Students completing 8th-9th standard
300 lakhs
Students entering 10th-11th
150 lakhs
New entrants to workforce (per year)
70 lakhs
Vocational training in engineering, agriculture &
other fields
20 lakhs
New entrants to workforce w/o training
50 lakhs
Existing unemployed youth (15-29) of which 80%
are educated up to 10th
150 lakhs
Existing workers to be trained to raise non-ag
skilled portion to 25%
350 lakhs
5
Three Models
 Farm Schools in every revenue village
 Vocational Schools
 Computerized & Televised Vocational Training
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Vocational Schools

Promote vocational institutes at block and district level
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5000 govt
50,000 private

Conduct exams for every skill as for drivers licenses

Certify approved training centres, e.g. BPO

Provide scholarships & incentives for trainees
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Computer-based learning is
twice as fast @ half the cost
 Multimedia
 Interactive
 Immediate Feedback
 Self-paced learning
 Eliminates need for trained teachers
 Responds rapidly to changing skill needs
 Uniform testing
8
Computerized Vocational Training
 Establish 1 lakh CVT Institutes like internet cafes
 50,000 in private sector
 50,000 training centres at engineering and arts
colleges, ITIs, polytechs, high schools, NGOs, etc.
 Partnership with industry to develop multimedia
training software
 Provide training to a minumum of 4 million students
per annum
 Government certification of courses
 Generate self-employment opportunities for 50,000
entrepreneurs
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Multimedia vocational courses
RWH
Child care
Nutritionist
Selling skills
Real estate
Law clerk
Telemarketing
Insurance agent
Quality manager
Catering
Video editing
Furniture design
Farm mgmt
Pharma rep
Textile design
Reporter
Dry cleaning
Electrical repair
Travel agent
Internet research
Graphic design
Bookkeeper
Organic farming
Interior design
10
Vocational Skills
 50% of firms in developing and industrialized
countries report severe shortage of skilled workers.
 India’s problem is not lack of employment
opportunities but lack of employable skills.
 Skills create employment and self-employment
opportunities.
11
Vocational Skills Gap
 Only 5% of India’s workforce (20-24 years) have
vocational training compared with 28% in Mexico
and 96% in Korea.
 By 2010 major labour shortages will emerge in the
industrialized nations forcing movement of both
manufacturing & service jobs to wherever the skills
are best.
 Upgrading skills essential to tap global markets
12
Vocational Training in India
 4200 ITIs
 1,654 government run
 2,620 private
 Courses offered
 43 engineering & 24 non-engineering trades
 Capacity – 6.3 lakhs
 State enterprise programmes – 1.7 lakh
 Including agriculture & other – 20 lakh
13
Vocational Training Deficit
Students completing 8th-9th standard
300 lakhs
Students entering 10th-11th
150 lakhs
New entrants to workforce (per year)
70 lakhs
Vocational training in engineering, agriculture &
other fields
20 lakhs
New entrants to workforce w/o training
50 lakhs
Existing unemployed youth (15-29) of which 80%
are educated up to 10th
150 lakhs
Existing workers to be trained to raise non-ag
skilled portion to 25%
350 lakhs
14
Three Models
 Farm Schools in every revenue village
 Vocational Schools
 Computerized & Televised Vocational Training
15
Vocational Schools

Promote vocational institutes at block and district level


5000 govt
50,000 private

Conduct exams for every skill as for drivers licenses

Certify approved training centres, e.g. BPO

Provide scholarships & incentives for trainees
16
Computer-based learning is
twice as fast @ half the cost
 Multimedia
 Interactive
 Immediate Feedback
 Self-paced learning
 Eliminates need for trained teachers
 Responds rapidly to changing skill needs
 Uniform testing
17
Computerized Vocational Training
 Establish 1 lakh CVT Institutes like internet cafes
 50,000 in private sector
 50,000 training centres at engineering and arts
colleges, ITIs, polytechs, high schools, NGOs, etc.
 Partnership with industry to develop multimedia
training software
 Provide training to a minumum of 4 million students
per annum
 Government certification of courses
 Generate self-employment opportunities for 50,000
entrepreneurs
18
Multimedia vocational courses
RWH
Child care
Nutritionist
Selling skills
Real estate
Law clerk
Telemarketing
Insurance agent
Quality manager
Catering
Video editing
Furniture design
Farm mgmt
Pharma rep
Textile design
Reporter
Dry cleaning
Electrical repair
Travel agent
Internet research
Graphic design
Bookkeeper
Organic farming
Interior design
19
CVT Job Shops
 Privately owned, self-employment
 Each centre with 1 to 10 computers
 Stocked with a library of training software
 Training material on CD-Rom format
 Fees based on an hourly rate
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CVT Job Shop: Assumptions
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Three computers per Job Shop
20 training programmes per Job Shop
Each computer utilized 300 hours per mo
Operating expenses for rent, two paid
employees, phone, electricity may range from
Rs 15,000 to 20,000 per month
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CVT Job Shop: Economics
 Capital investment Rs 1.5 lakh.
 Cost of operations per computer hour = Rs 20 / hour.
 Cost of amortising of computers and software over two
years = Rs 14 per hour
 Average cost of training = Rs 35 per hour
 Average retail price of training = Rs 50 per hour
 Net profit = Rs 15 per hour or Rs 1.5 lakhs / yr
 50 hours of computerized vocational training, equivalent to
about 250 hours of classroom training, would cost the
student only Rs 2500.
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Training Software: Economics
 Cost Rs 50 lakhs per course
 Retail price Rs 1000 per set
 Sale of 10,000 sets generates Rs 50 lakhs profit
 Offer 50% government subsidy for development
of approved courses
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CVT Action Plan
1. Delivery CVT through all state-owned engineering colleges, ITIs,
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Polytechnics, liberal arts colleges, high schools, other institutions.
Provide financial assistance/ incentives under Central Government selfemployment schemes to promote private training institutes.
Encourage financial institutions to provide loans to entrepreneurs.
Negotiate with computer software companies to develop a wide range
of vocational training courses.
Recognized institutional authorities to certify course contents.
Finance bulk purchase of approved training software with 50% subsidy
to minimize the cost of training.
Train entrepreneurs to set up/manage private institutes.
Provide scholarships to low income youth to cover training fees.
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IT Incubator Business Parks
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Computerised vocation training
Computerised tuitions institutes
Computerised language training
Software training
Video-conferencing services
High speed data transfer services
Web, graphic and animation design services
Computer repair and maintenance services
International Internet telephony
Computer hardware parts manufacturing and assembly
Customer and technical support call centres
Back office processing
Medical transcription
Digital photography, scanning and image processing
Internet research services
Accounting services
Computerized testing laboratories
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Who creates enterprises?
 Skilled experienced workers leaving existing jobs
create enterprises
Machinists
 taxi drivers
 hotel servers
 bus cleaners
 Printers
 tailors
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 Do entrepreneurial training programmes work?
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Promoting Entrepreneurship
 Extend bank credit & seed capital to employees
with 5 years experience
 Require training & certification for new enterprises
to reduce failure rate
 Existing entrepreneur to sign as guarantor
 Insurance companies can ensure loans based on
qualifications
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Issues for Study
 Natural job creation
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How many jobs are being created?
In which sectors & fields?
By what process?
How can the natural process be magnified and accelerated?
How are rural migrants absorbed in the cities?
 Occupational demand
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Identify high growth occupational categories at all levels
Measure growth in pay/income levels by category
 Emerging Activities
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Identify emerging occupations in all sectors,
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Farm managers & Soil technicians
Servicing for cell phones, ACs, computers, VCDs, etc.
Home delivery, floor cleaner, masseuse
 Skills for national development
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Compile a complete list of skills needed for India’s development to next higher level
 Job creation in other countries
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Study which job categories grew rapidly in US during a comparable period?
 Efficacy of Entrepreneurial Development Programmes
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