Transcript PPS Seminar 2003 Mobile Communications
PPS Seminar 2005 Mobile Communications
Damir Pasalic & Hannes Grubinger
Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 1
For Your Information
Web Page:
• http://www.ifh.ee.ethz.ch/~fieldcom/pps-mobilecomm/mobilfunk.html
Assistants:
• Damir Pasalic (ETZ G97)
E-mail: [email protected]
• Hannes Grubinger (ETZ G95)
E-mail: [email protected]
Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 2
Overview
Motivation and Goal Cellular Technology: Standards, History, Future Outlook GSM-R, TETRA: Professional Applications US Market: AMPS, IS-95, PCS1900, TACS,...
Satellite Communication: Inmarsat, Iridium, Globalstar, ICO,...
Business & Economics: Global Player, Swiss Market, Strategies Developing Countries: Mobile Communications Organizational Details Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 3
Motivation and Goal
Mobile Communications (MC) is a future key technology
• Understand the basic technologies behind MC • • • Learn how business and technology work together See the “Big Picture” and evaluate demand for global MC Assess technological impacts on society, politics, economics
Seminar approach
• • Become skilled at doing a literature and information search Train your abilities to cope with a complex topic • • Learn how to efficiently prepare a well-structured report Enhance your presentation techniques Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 4
History (pre-cell era)
First mobile radio link established by Marconi in late 1800’s First mobile radiotelephone service on land was set up by Detroit Police Department in early 1920s (2 MHz) Commercial service started in 1946 in US and early 1950s in Europe Conventional Mobile Systems (CMS) were operating in 30-40, 150, and 450 MHz public safety services (e.g. police, ambulance, fire brigade) transport organizations (e.g. taxi) service networks for utilities (gas, water, electrical production) By 1963 number of users exceeded 1.3 million (12 channels) Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 5
History: Cellular System
MSC BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS MSC BS BS PSTN BS MSC BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS
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History: First Generation (1G)
Introduction of analog cellular systems in the late 1970s and 1980s
System
MCS-L2 NMT 450 NMT 900 AMPS NAMPS TACS ETACS JTACS NTACS C450 RadioCom
Year of Introduction
1988 (1979) 1981 1986 1983 1991 1985 1988 1989 1991 1985 1985
Region
Japan Scandinavia Scandinavia North America North America United Kingdom United Kingdom Japan Japan Germany France Access Mode/ Modulation FDMA/PM FDMA/FM FDMA/FM FDMA/FM FDMA/FM FDMA/FM FDMA/FM FDMA/FM FDMA/FM FDMA/FM FDMA/FM
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History: 1G Frequency Bands
820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 MCS Downlink 885 925 Uplink NMT 900 Uplink Downlink 915 935 AMPS/ NAMPS Uplink Downlink 894 824 849 869 TACS JTACS/ NTACS Uplink 905 Downlink 935 Uplink Downlink 885
Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger
925 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 MHz
8
Second Generation (2G): Introduction
Annual growth rate in 1G systems 30 to 50%
20 million subscribers by 1990
Need to improve:
transmission quality system capacity coverage fraud prevention and privacy Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 9
Second Generation (2G): Major Systems
2G cellular systems include:
The European
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
, introduced in 1992 The
North American Digital AMPS (D-AMPS)
, introduced in 1994 IS-54: FDMA/TDMA access mode IS-95: CDMA access mode The
Japanese Digital Cellular (JDC)
system, introduced in 1992 The North American
Personal Communication System
1900 MHz (PCS 1900) operating at Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 10
Second Generation (2G): GSM
Created in
1992
as a capable of supporting
pan-European network many millions
of subscribers Operates
992 channels
in
FDMA/TDMA
access mode
Frequency bands:
GSM900: 880-915 MHz paired with 925-960 MHz GSM1800: 1710-1785 MHz paired with 1805-1880 MHz GSM1900: 1850-1910 MHz paired with 1930-1990 MHz
GSM
is the
leading wireless standard
in the world covering (2003): 72% of the world’s digital market 60% of the world’s wireless market Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 11
Worldwide GSM Networks in Service
GSM used in 159 countries Countries with GSM service Countries without GSM service Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 12
Terrestrial Communications: TETRA
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA)
Standard for
professional
mobile communications Established in 1995 by ETSI and 21 European countries Suitable for use in
GSM-R “rough”
communications environments Designed for security services, emergency units, industry,...
is a GSM clone built for railways with TETRA features
TETRA features
Secure
encryption
, reliable, fast and guaranteed service quality High data rates, packet data optimization, high frequency re-use Group calls, paging, push-to-talk,handsets as repeater stations GSM intra-operability and functionality (e.g. call wait/hold, etc.) Priority, authorization, area selection, monitoring, responsibility Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 13
Terrestrial Communications: TETRA
Typical TETRA applications
Public transportation: Update schedule, client, tariff information Traffic: Control sets of lights, parking and detour routing Police, emergency units: Walkie-talkie mode (TETRAPOL) Trucking: Navigation data, fleet management, scheduling Advertisement: Transmit data to e-boards Railways: Positioning, onboard communication and phone services TETRAPOL Car Unit TETRA Walkie-Talkie Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger TETRA Navigation Controller 14
Satellite Communications: Overview
Satellite systems existing or planned in 2003:
Name Inmarsat Iridium Globalstar ICO Teledesic288 Odyssey Satellites Orbit 4+5 66 48 12 LEO 12 GEO Altitude 35’786 km Year 1982 Company Inmarsat Ltd.
LEO LEO 765 km 1’389 km 1998 1998 Boeing et. al.
Major Telecoms MEO 10’390 km 2003? New ICO Ltd.
1’400 km MEO 2005? ICO Teledesic 10’354 km Project is stopped!
At the present time, the ONLY reliably operating satellite mobile communications service is the 20 year old Inmarsat system!
Nowadays the satellite business is dominated by takeovers, flops, bankruptcy filings, alliances, mergers, technical disasters, etc.
(e.g. Inmarsat founds ICO, then New ICO, now owned by Teledesic) Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 15
Satellite Communication I: Inmarsat
Established in 1979 to initially serve the
maritime industry
Works
anywhere in the world
with the exception of the poles In 2001:
150’000 end-user terminals
throughout the world Inmarsat-A: Analog system, up to 9.6 kbit/s (2 suitcases, 50 kg) Inmarsat-B: Digital successor, up to 64 kbit/s (laptop-sized, 3 kg) Equipment:
1.5...1.6 GHz, 40 cm dish, 2...20 W
Inmarsat-A System Inmarsat-A Maritime Antenna Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger Inmarsat-B System 16
Satellite Communication I: Inmarsat
Standard services include
Direct-dial telephony, fax, telex, messaging E-mail, data, quality audio, compressed video, slow-scan TV
Additional Inmarsat C...I services include
Group messaging/calling (similar to TETRA feature) Aircraft satellite communication telephony Encryption devices for secure transmission Position reporting Charges:
U$ 3...20.-/minute
(depending on service and provider) Equipment cost: Starting from
U$ 2’500.-
(simple terminal) Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 17
Satellite Communication II: IRIDIUM
Established in 1998 and initially designed and owned by Motorola Works
anywhere in the world
using 66 satellites in LEO (which allows to have specifically small signal delays) Services include Voice, fax, messaging, e-mail, internet, data (approx. 10 kbit/s) Charges:
U$ 3...5.-/minute
(depending on service and provider) Mobile handset:
1.6 GHz, integrated antenna, 1 2 W, U$ 3’000. IRIDIUM Handsets IRIDIUM Pager
Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger
IRIDIUM Satellite
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Satellite Communication II: IRIDIUM
The “not-so-good” news...
3’000 subscribers worldwide (1999) Total revenue of U$ 600’000.- (1999) Marketing cost: U$ 200’000’000. Operating cost of U$ 400’000’000.- (annually!) Prediction for 2002: 5’000’000 end-users...
After financial bankruptcy and a
loss of U$ 5.5 billion,
Motorola decided to shut down Iridium in March 2000 and planned to crash and burn up the satellites in the earth’s atmosphere!
Iridium LLC (Boeing) bought the whole system for U$ 25 million New sales/marketing strategies, different targeted user profile Less expensive call charges, improved system performance Better GSM/UMTS connectivity, cheaper and lightweight phones Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 19
Third Generation (3G): Introduction
Cellular and satellite networks provide
greater freedom
communications among people in the New
“information age”
economy with different life-styles and world The next goal is development of
truly global system
communication “to everyone, everywhere” providing Part of the solution of the communication problem in the
developing world
Wide range of radio environments have to be integrated Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 20
Third Generation: Environments Integration
Global Suburban & rural Urban In-building Pico-Cell Satellite Macro-Cell Micro-Cell
Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger
Pico-Cell
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Third Generation (3G) Standards
International Mobile Telecommunication System (IMT-2000)
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)
Basic Properties of a 3G System:
Used worldwide Used for all mobile applications Offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on mobility/velocity) Offer high spectrum efficiency Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 22
Third Generation: Spectrum Availability
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 ITU “IMT-2000” 1885 MHz IMT 2000 2010 MHz MSS 2025 MHz IMT 2000 MSS 2110 MHz 2170 MHz Europe Japan USA GSM 1800 DECT 1880 MHz 1919.6 MHz UMTS MSS 1980 MHz PHS IMT 2000 1893.5 MHz MSS PCS MSS UMTS MSS 2170 MHz IMT 2000 MSS Reserved 2160 MHz MSS 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
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Global Players
Change from
national analog networks
is driven by: to
global digital communication
digitalization computerization deregulation
Increased competition
New operators
networks to operators starting from
“green field”
situation use wireless
bypass the networks
established by national Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 24
“Major” Players: Europe
Vodafone (UK) T-Mobile / Deutsche Telekom (Germany) TIM / Telecom Italia (Italy) Telefonica (Spain) France Telecom / Orange (France) Swisscom Mobile / Swisscom Group (Switzerland) Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 25
“Local” Players: Switzerland
1 0.5
0 -0.5
4 3.5
3 2.5
2 1.5
3.4
4 1.9
0.93
0.89
0.01
Subscribers [Million] Revenues [Billion CHF] EBITDA [Billion CHF] (data refers to mobile business units only, data as of end 2002)
0.94
0.75
-0.02
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Major Cellular Providers in North America
Verizon Wireless (US) joint venture of Verizon Comm. and Vodafone Cingular (US) • recently bought AT&T Wireless Sprint PCS (US) T-Mobile, formerly Voicestream (US) Rogers Wireless previously Rogers AT&T QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Microcell Telecom (Canada) Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 27
Global Players: North America
30 25 20 Subscribers [Million] Revenues [Billion $US] (data refers to mobile business units only, data as of mid 2002) 15 10 5 0 Verizon Wireless AT&T Wireless Sprint PCS Rogers / AT&T
Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger
Microcell Telecom
28
Business & Economics: General
How much does it cost to...
purchase licenses for parts of the future mobile spectrum plan and build a mobile telecommunications system keep the system up and running (maintenance, administration, etc.) introduce new technologies (GPRS, EDGE, HSCSD, etc.) acquire new subscribers
Which services can be introduced to...
generate additional revenues pay off debts from UMTS auctions and system installation
What are the key facts and figures of the...
Swiss/German/French/US cellular phone market global players involved in mobile communications deregulation, liberalization and monopolization issues and strategies Damir Pasalic & Hannes Gurbinger 29
Communication Sys in Developing Countries
Picture these facts:
4/5 of the world’s population
does not have
the most basic access to phone services and 1/2 of it has
never
used a phone The greater majority of all countries in the world
do not have
a publicly available, reliable and cheap phone system operating
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) goal in 1995:
“By the end of the year 2001, each citizen worldwide should have direct access to telephone services” “Wireless phone networks represent a cheap alternative to wire line plain old telephone systems (POTS)”
Can satellite and terrestrial wireless systems meet these expectations in the future?
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Organizational Details I
Group of 2...3 students will work on one project
Choose a project from the existing list or define a suitable topic related to Mobile Communications on your own Make your decision by April 19 Final projects will be communicated via e-mail to students Each group must prepare an initial proposal (1 page) and give a short presentation (5-10 minutes) on April 26
Groups work independently on their project and contact Damir or Hannes as needed
Meetings will be arranged upon request on Tuesdays
Check the web page regularly!
www.ifh.ee.ethz.ch/~fieldcom/pps-mobilecomm/mobilfunk.html
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Organizational Details II
Each group prepares a written report (10-15 pages) and final presentation (20 minutes) in English
Drafts are to be handed in prior to the final presentation
Presentation/report/draft/progress due dates will be announced individually via e-mail and web page
Marking:
Proposal presentation: 15% Final presentation: 35% Written report: 50%
Each student should comment on the presentation of others Field trip(s) and lecturer visit(s) will be organized
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