UKSG SRM Seminar - 'Getting Technical' slot
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Transcript UKSG SRM Seminar - 'Getting Technical' slot
UKSG Serials Resource Management for
21st Century
Getting Technical - Linking
Robert Bley
Ex Libris UK Ltd.
Jargonbusting agenda!
The basics of the web
Linking
D.I.Y.
DOI & CrossRef
OpenURL
Searching
NISO Metasearch
(Not too much on) authentication!
Open Archives Initiative – ‘e-prints’
Usage statistics
Electronic Resource Management
The future…(!)
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How does the Web work?
Data Format
HTML
(currently)
3 simple protocols:
Addressing
URL
Transport
HTTP
Data Formats
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
provides the data format for documents
Addressing
URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) provides an
addressing mechanism for web resources
Brian Kelly,
Web-Focus,
UKOLN
Transport
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) defines transfer
of resources between client and server
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How does the Web work?
The Netsoft
home page
1 User clicks on link to the address (URL)
http://www.netsoft.com/hello.html
2 Browser converts link to HTTP command (METHOD):
Connect to computer at www.netsoft.com
GET /hello.html
Welcome to
Netsoft
3 Remote computer sends file
<HTML>
<TITLE>Welcome</TITLE>..
<P>Welcome to <B>Netsoft
</B>
Web
server
Web Browser
4 Local computer displays HTML file
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Other key jargon
HTML – Hypertext Markup Language. A document format that allows text
to be interpreted by web browsers (Internet Explorer etc) as web pages e.g.
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Other key jargon
XML - Extensible Markup Language - allows
creators of web documents to define their own
customized tags for defining and transmitting data
between applications and/or organizations
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Other key jargon
SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol. An XMLbased protocol for information exchange
“Web services” - describes a standardized way of
integrating Web applications. XML is used to tag
the data, SOAP is used to transfer the data
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Other key jargon…
ONIX for Serials - a collection of XML format
standards for (among many other things!)
communicating electronic serials holdings details
using XML.
(See http://www.editeur.org/onixserials.htm).
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Linking Mechanisms
URL-based include:
explicit filename
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue24/intro.html
derived filename, e.g. ISSN, SICI
http://www.jstor.ac.uk/journals/10624783.html
script, e.g.
http://www.esajournals.org/esaonline/?request=getabstract&issn=00129658&volume=077&issue=08&page=2302
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Linking Mechanisms
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI):
• A unique identifier assigned to a digital object.
• A way of accessing an object (e.g. a full text article)
without having to know its URL - the DOI identifies the
object itself, not the place where it is stored.
• Persistent - as long as the object exists, so does the
DOI.
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DOI: Dumb Old Identifier
“Dumb” number - doesn’t relate to the object,
couldn’t be guessed – similar idea to a phone
number.
10.1000/1A3X-56BZ9
Prefix - given to the
rights owner e.g. the
publisher
Suffix - any unique
alphanumeric string
e.g. 10.1074/jbc.M004545200
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CrossRef/DOI resolution
DOI
link
ReferencesDOI
URL to
DOI
Metadata
Publisher
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/57.1.95
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OpenURL (ANSI/NISO Z39.88)
Pat Harris, Executive Director of NISO:
"One message we hear is that the new business model will
be enabled by information technology with standards at
the core. This is where NISO fits in. …over five hundred
years ago Guttenberg fundamentally changed
communication and learning.
Today NISO's challenge is to create those standards that
will enable the modern day Guttenburg Moment. Could it
be the OpenURL?"
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OpenURL format ::= Base URL ? Query
Base-URL = web address of the link resolver i.e. the
address to which the OpenURL is being sent
http://LinkFinderPlus.library.edu?genre=article&issn=12345678&volume=12&issue=3&spage=1&epage=8
&date=1998&aulast=Smith&aufirst=Paul
Query = the metadata that the link resolver uses to
identify and link to appropriate targets
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Traditional linking – the old way
http://publish.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v63/p062103
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Smart linking with the OpenURL
(e.g. OPAC or A&I
database)
(e.g.full text or
pay-per-view etc)
http://sfx.aaa.edu/menu?genre=article&issn=0036-8075
&volume=12&issue=3&spage=1&epage=8&date=1998
&aulast=Smith&aufirst=Paul
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A & I resource as link source…
Source
Menu
Target
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E-journal reference as link source
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Searching
Huge array of library resources –
different interfaces and different search
syntaxes
Libraries act as “gatekeepers” to these
resources
One method – simple library web page
listing those resources
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One answer?
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Another answer: Cross-resource searching?
Query form
?
Diverse information resources
metasearching = federated searching =
cross database searching = parallel searching =
broadcast searching = integrated searching
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Cross-resource searching - standards
Z39.50 – Old (pre-web) US standard for bibliographic
information retrieval - defining a standard way for two
computers to communicate and share information. Still the
most commonly standard used by library system OPACs,
publishers and database providers etc.
ZING – Z39.50 Next Generation. Has produced two standards:
SRU and SRW are similar protocols
http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/zing/zing-home.html
SRU (“search & retrieve URL”) is done as a basic HTTP request
(it can be in the format of a URL) whereas the search in
SRW (“search & retrieve web”) is sent as an XML document
wrapped in SOAP.
NISO Metasearch initiative
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A few words about the dark art of
authentication!
Distinction between
- authentication (publishers (etc.) asking “are you who you say you
are”)…and…
- authorization (publishers (etc.) asking “what are you entitled to
access, now that we know who you are?”)
Most publishers have “IP authentication”
Every address on the Internet has a numeric equivalent – e.g.
212.58.224.55 = www.bbc.co.uk
An institution may “own” a range – e.g. 212.58.224.x
Publishers may register a range or individual workstation addresses
Numeric to alphabetic lookup available at http://www.ripe.net/fcgibin/whois?
Drawbacks for off-campus users, mean alternative password-based
solutions exist – e.g. Athens
Other options = Proxy address (legal “IP spoofing”!) and Shibboleth
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Getting technical
All sorted then?
Pig courtesy of Tom Bishop,
Royal College of Surgeons
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The Open Archives Initiative
• 1999 Universal Preprint Service (UPS)
• Multi-disciplinary collection of technical reports, conference
papers, articles, e-print servers, etc.
• Services provided on “harvested metadata”
• Data Providers / Service Providers
• Not ‘Cross-Searching’
• OAI is only about metadata – not full text
• OAI is neutral about nature of metadata
and the resources described
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OAI - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
Simple mechanism for sharing metadata records
Records shared over the web (ie HTTP as XML)
‘Client’ can ask metadata server for
all records
all records modified in last ‘n’ days
info about sets, formats, etc.
Specific application: self-archiving via e-print servers
in/for all institutions
“SHERPA” – UK project - http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/
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Consistent, Credible & Compatible Usage
Statistics
Code of Practice for:
Data elements to be measured
Definitions of these data elements
Output report formats/delivery/frequency/granularity
Methods for measurement and use
•
AAP, ALPSP, ARL, ASA, EDItEUR, JISC, NCLIS,
NISO, PA, STM, UKSG
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152 member organisations
Code of Practice Jnls & Dbs Rel 1
Over 30 vendors compliant (in part)
Developing Auditing standards & processes
XML DTD for Usage Reports developed
Release 2 consultation – due early 2005
Code of Practice eBooks & eReference
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Electronic Resouces Management - ERM
Basic ERM Data Elements
Descriptive: Title fields, holdings, publisher, and
ISSN
Licensing: Authorized users, archiving rights, and
cancellation allowances
Financial: Price and inflation rate
Administrative & Support: Administrative
password and vendor contact information.
Access: Authorization method and local access URI
Usage or Evaluative: Number of full-text article
downloads and number of searches
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An E-Resources Management System:
the
vision
“ A system that supports management of the
information and workflows necessary to efficiently
select, evaluate, acquire, maintain, renew/cancel and
provide informed access to e-resources in accordance
with their business and license terms”
- Ivy Anderson, Robin Wendler (Harvard
University Library) and Ellen Duranceau (MIT
Libraries)
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DLF ERMI entity-relationship model!
http://www.library.cornell.edu/cts/elicensestudy/home.html
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Standards
Statistics collection/harvesting. (SUSHI)
(http://www.library.cornell.edu/cts/elicensestudy/ermi
2/sushi/ )
License Expression Work Group (NISO + EDItEUR +
DLF/ERMI) – working to deliver licenses in XML format
SOAP & XML – tools for integration
Standards and partnership between all players!
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A view from the “front line”…
A Journey into E-Resource Administration Hell available from
the Leeds eprint server
http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/archive/00000084/01/Cole,_A_Journey.pdf
Full citation:
"A Journey into E-Resource Administration Hell / Louise Cole.
//In: The Serials Librarian. - ISSN 0361-526X. - 49(2005)1/2;
p. 141-154.
The author discusses the administrative problems which can
still occur when looking after a large and complex portfolio of
electronic resources, and focuses on some of the recurring
'nightmares‘.
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Thanks!
email: [email protected]
web: http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/
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