Transcript Phonology
Phonology: The Context
Foundation Skills
Cognition
Play
Socialization
Pragmatics
Phonology
Semantics
Semantics
Metalinguistics
Phonology
Definition: study of the Suprasegmental
and Segmental aspects of Language
Suprasegmental: melody of the language
intonation, rhythm, stress, inflection, rate, pitch
paralinguistic
Segments: Sounds of the language, vowels
and consonants
Concepts
1. Sequence Related to Semantics/Syntax
2. Sequence of Acquisition for Syllables,
Vowels and Consonants
3. Recording
Developmental Progression
Pre-First Word
Babbling
Echolalia
Vocalic or Phonetically Consistent Forms
Holophrases
Telegraphic
Phrases
Sentences
Simple
Compound
Complex
Phonology
#2 Concepts
Receptive/Expressive
Children comprehend the melodic aspects before the
individual sounds
Phonemic/Paralinguistic awareness before production
Syllables
initial syllable shape: CVCV, CV
Suprasegmental Development
Term refers to PROSODIC FEATURES
Term includes:intonation, rhythm,
stress,
Develops before the first word
In echolalia: child ‘sounds’ like the utterance is
“adult-like.” That’s the suprasegmental patterns of
English
Hearing Impaired Children do not
exhibit this ability
Vowel Acquisition
Nucleus of the syllable
Vowels develop first
front-back /i,a/
triangle /i,u,a/
quadrangle /i,u,a, ae/
dipthongs
By age 3, all vowels
Phonology
Consonants
Explanation: associated with feeding and
visibility
Class Development by Manner:
Class Development by Place
plosives, nasals, glides /w/
first fricative: /h/
usually frontal sounds /p/b/m/
as well as alveolar sounds /t,d,n,l/
other sounds: /k/, /g/. /?/
by Voicing: presence/absence of laryngeal tone
Consonant Blends
Clusters’ (blends) syllable shape: ccv,cccv,
in speech:vcc (plurals), vccc (ants)
Cluster (Blend) combinations are: /l/, /r/, /s/
Phonological Process:
Epenthesis (adding a vowel)
Cluster reduction
Cluster deletion
In reading blends are called Diagraphs
Consonant Acquisition
Developmental Mastery
Age of Development or Age of Acquisition
or Age of Customary Production
An age-range for sound acquisition
Sander, Prathers
Age of Mastery
Templin, Wellman, Poole
regardless of Linguist, by the Age 8
Age
3
4
Sound
/p/
/m/
/b/
/n/
/w/
/h/
/k/, /g/
/d/,
/f/, /v/
Age of
Development
Age of
Mastery
RANGE
Mastered
<2-3
<2-3
<2-3
<2-3
<2-3
<2-3
2-4
2-4
2-4
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
Sound Frequency of Occurrence
Vowels
1. Unstressed schwa
2. /I/
3. /i
4. /E/
5. /ai/
6. /ae/ asp
7. /ou/
8. /e/
9/ a/
10. ought
Consonants
1. /n/
2. /r/
3. /t/
4. /m/
5. /s/
6. /d/
7/ /w/
8. /l/
9. /k/
10. /z/
Phonology
Recording Options
1. Transcription: Phonemic (Broad //)
Phonetic (Narrow
)
2. Distinctive Features of Place, Manner,
Voicing
3. Phonological Processes used for either
describing normally developing or
delayed sound development.
Distinctive Feature Terms
Place:
Front: /p/,/b/,/m/, /f/, /v/, /0/,
Mid: /t/, /d/, /l/, /n/ /s/,/z/, sh
Back: /k/, /g/, ng
Glottal: /h/
Manner
Plosives
Fricatives
Affricates
Nasals
Approximants
Liquids
Glides
Voicing
Phonological Processes
Linguists: Hodson, Ingram, Weiner,
Blache, others,
Processes:
Suppression of Phonological
Processes
Disappearing by Age 3
Unstressed Syllable
Deletion
Final Consonant
Deletion
Assimilation
Reduplication
Fronting
Prevocalic voicing (b/p)
Diminutization
Persisting After Age 3
Cluster Reduction
Epenthesis b li/blid
Gliding
Stopping
Depalatalization
Final Voicing
Emergent Literacy Skills
1. Physical
2. Cognitive-Linguistic
Answering Questions
Retelling stories
3. Metalinguistic: Phonemic Awareness
Related to PHONOLOGY
Phonology-Emergent Literacy Connection
The recognition of the sound-symbol
relationship is critical to early success in
reading
Recognition begins at the sentence level
with segmentation and proceeds
to the wordsyllable
sound levels
End of Phonology Notes
light
turning
rocket
/S/
/b/