Transcript Agenda – Tuesday, March 18th

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Cognition: All the mental processes
associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating
◦ This is why memory is part of this unit!
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Large part of this unit: PROBLEM SOLVING
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A man left home one morning. He
turned right and ran straight ahead.
Then he turned left. After a while, he
turned left again, running faster than
ever. Then he turned left once more
and decided to go home. In the
distance he could see two masked
men waiting for him. Who were
they?!
 What
occurs once in every
minute, twice in every
moment, yet never in a
thousand years?
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The maker doesn’t want it, the buyer doesn’t
use it, and the user doesn’t see it. What is it?
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What number is next in the series?
10, 4, 3, 11, 15, …..
a)
b)
c)
d)
14
1
17
12
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When spelled out, each number in the series
is longer than the previous number by one
letter.
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Imagine 6 glasses in a row, the first three are
full of water, the second three are empty. By
moving only one glass, can you arrange them
so that the full and empty glasses alternate?
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Any mental shortcut that allows for easier
problem solving and quicker judgment
Example: How can you use heuristics to
rearrange these letters?
E
U
E
Q
N
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Reading Quiz
Finish cognition/problem solving notes
Homework: NONE
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Heuristic: You know the Q and U go together
because of something you’ve already learned
and stored in your mind
Algorithm: Try all 60 combinations of the
letters to find a “correct” one
EUENQ, EUNEQ, EUQNE, EUNQU, etc.
nelin
ensce
sdlen
lecam
slfal
dlchi
neque
raspe
klsta
nolem
dlsco
hsfle
naorg
egsta
15
linen
scene
pears
camel
melon
lends
falls
child
queen
talks
colds
shelf
groan
gates
The algorithm you used to solve the first column
probably kept you from seeing the multiple
solutions for the words in the second column
16
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Write down the top ten nations where
journalists are most likely to be killed for
reporting factual news over the last 20 years
http://cpj.org/killed/
Availability Heuristic: Thinking shortcut that
relies on immediate examples that come to
mind. You use the more frequently discussed
examples
◦ NOT ALWAYS ACCURATE (because it’s a shortcut
and not all of the information about a topic)
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People are more fearful of flying than driving
because of highly publicized airplane
accidents, even though flying is much safer
◦ Why?
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When you are looking to purchase a car, a
personal testimony from one person may
sway your opinion more than the dozens of
reports about the car from Consumer Reports
or Cars.com (a less personal yet more reliable
source)
◦ Why?
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If you meet someone with a laid back
attitude and long hair, what
assumptions do you make about
them?
Representativeness Heuristic: Used
when making judgments about the
probability of an event under
uncertainty based on past
experiences
◦ Related to your generation, people
group, family, society, past experiences,
etc.
◦ NOT ALWAYS ACCURATE (because it’s a
shortcut and assumption)
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Dr. Swinkel’s cousin, Rudy, is a bit on the
peculiar side. He has unusual tastes in movies
and art, he is married to a performer, and he has
tattoos on various parts of his body. In his spare
time, Rudy takes yoga classes and likes to collect
78 rpm records. An outgoing and rather
boisterous person, he has been known to act on
a dare on more than one occasion. What do you
think Rudy’s occupation most likely is?
◦ Farmer
◦ Librarian
◦ Trapeze artist
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A mental pattern in which people seek out or
believe information that aligns with their own
preconceived notes
◦ Being amazed and proud because you predicted the
next song on the radio, but not remembering all
the times you predicted it incorrectly
◦ Only focusing on vaccinated individuals who
develop autism, and not the ones who don’t
develop it
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The way an issue or concept is posed; how an
issue is framed can significantly affect
decisions and judgments
◦ A doctor says “It has a 95% success rate” compared
to “There is a 5% chance it will fail.”
◦ An item is marked as $5.99 compared to $6.00
because you believe you’re getting a better deal
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Using the items
provided, you and
your partner must
make the record play
a song
You may NOT use
anything that you
personally brought to
class, but you may
manipulate the items
to your benefit
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Noam Chomsky
Benjamin Whorf
Paul Broca
Wernicke (Karl Wernicke)
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With your group members, determine how
each assigned concept from was used to
solve the problem. (Think of this as an FRQ)
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Algorithm
Functional fixedness
Confirmation Bias
Hindsight Bias
Divergent Thinking
Observational Learning
Availability heuristic
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Can we have thoughts without language?
If so, what would it look like?
Utilizing common Phonemes and
Morphemes.
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According to B.F. Skinner,
children learn words and
language through
reinforcement, observation,
and imitation
According to Noam Chomsky,
people are born with the
natural ability to communicate
and understand a language
◦ Universal Grammar
Language influences the way we think about the
world.
21 Emotions that
we don’t have in
English
25 Words w/ no
translation
TED
Talk