Transcript No Slide Title

Rapid Thermal Processing (RTPTM)
A Proven Pathway to Second Generation Biofuels
TAPPSA CONFERENCE
Durban, 20 October 2010
Kari Liukko
Contents
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Introduction
What is driving for 2nd generation biofuels?
Rapid Thermal Processing (RTPTM)
Pyrolysis Oil Applications
Conclusions
Q&A
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What is driving for 2nd generation biofuels?
2nd Generation Biofuels
• Non-food crop based lignocellulosic feedstock
– Forest and agricultural residual biomass
– Algal biomass
• Feedstock plays a key role
– Availability
– Sustainability
– Quality
– Cost-efficient supply
• Offer an interesting opportunity for pulp & paper, power generation and
other industries to
– Become fossil fuel free
– Reduce CO2 emissions
– Generate new business
• Price development of crude oil?
• Price development of CO2 permits?
• Taxation and subsidies?
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World Energy Outlook
• The world energy challenge is enormous
– Global energy demand will increase 1.5 % per year until 2030
• From 12 (2007) to 16 Billion tons oil equivalent
– CO2 emissions, Gt/year
28.8 (2007) 
– CO2 emission price, $/ton CO2 ~15 (2009) 
– Oil price, $/barrel
60 (2009) 
40.2 (2030)
50 (2020)
115 (2030)
• Investments in low-carbon technology are needed
– To reduce dependency in fossil fuels
– To reduce CO2-emissions in to the atmosphere
• 1000 ppm CO2 vs. 450 ppm CO2 scenario
• Global temperature rising by +6 °C vs. +2 °C
• Key segments
• Buildings – energy efficiency
• Power Generation and Industry
– Low carbon energy and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
• Transportation
– Biofuels
Source: World Energy Outlook 2009, International Energy Agency (IEA)
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The EU Climate and Energy Package
• Known as 20-20-20 targets
- A reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions of at least 20% below 1990
levels
- A 20% reduction in primary energy use compared with projected levels, to
be achieved by improving energy efficiency
- 20% of EU energy consumption to come from renewable resources
Source: European Union/European Commission
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Biofuels for Transportation in EU
12 MtOE
2009
Mainly 1st generation biofuels!
Source: EurObserv’ER 2010
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The Future of Aviation
Source: Airbus, 2010
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Honeywell Renewables Vision
• Building on Honeywell UOP technology and expertise
• Produce real “drop-in” fuels instead of fuel additives/blends
• Leverage existing refining, transportation, energy, biomass handling infrastructure to
lower capital costs, minimize value chain disruptions, and reduce investment risk.
• Focus on path toward second generation feedstocks & chemicals
Oxygenated Biofuels
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Renewable
Energy
Fuel &
Power
Hydrocarbon Biofuels
Diesel
Jet
Gasoline
“Other” Oils: Camelina, Jatropha
First
Generation
Second
Generation
Natural oils from
vegetables and
greases
Lignocellulosic
biomass,
algal oils
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UOP Proprietary
Honeywell Core Technologies for 2nd Generation
Biofuels
BIO-CHEMICAL
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
BIOMASS
Lignin & Extractives
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Fermentation
Starch
Sugars
Algal, Jatropha,
Camelina
Forest res.
Agriculture res.
Re-cycled wood
Biomaterials
Ethanol
Bioenergy
Phase separ.
HoneywellDistillation
UOP/Eni
Esterification
Pyrolysis
TM Oil
EnvergentUpgrade
Technologies RTP
Pyrolysis
Green Jet
Honeywell UOP Renewables,
Gas
Processing,
FischerGreen Refining
Diesel
Gasification
Tropsch
Rentech (Fischer-Tropsch
synthehis)
THERMO-CHEMICAL
RTP, Rapid Thermal Processing
Modular units for 100 to 1.000 ton bone dry metric ton/day
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Green Jet
Ecofining
Green Diesel
Heat, Electricity, Steam
Chemicals
Pyrolysis Upgrade
Commercial availability expected 2012
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Potential of Pyrolysis Oil SA
Source: IEA, European Market Sutudy for BioOil (Pyrolysis Oil), 2006
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Rapid Thermal Processing (RTPTM)
Fast Pyrolysis
• Has been identified as one innovative value chain in European Industrial
Bioenergy Initiative (EIBI)
• Cost-efficient pathway to second generation biofuels
• Interesting findings in Canada
– Pyrolysis gives highest ROCE in stand-alone and integrated applications (FPAC,
Forest Products Association of Canada 2010)
Source: Forest Products Association of Canada
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Envergent Technologies
Honeywell UOP / Ensyn Joint Venture
• Formed in October 2008
• Provides pyrolysis oil technology for fuel oil substitution and electricity generation
• Channel for Honeywell UOP R&D program to upgrade pyrolysis oil to
transportation fuels
• Leading process technology licensor~$2
billion in sales, 3000 employees
• Over twenty years of commercial fast
pyrolysis operating experience
• Co-inventor of FCC (Fluid Catalytic
Cracking) technology
• Developers of innovative RTPTM fast
pyrolysis process
• Modular process unit supplier
• Seven commercial RTPTM units designed
and operated
• Global reach via Honeywell & UOP sales
channels
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Rapid Thermal Processing (RTPTM) Technology
Pyrolysis Oil
 510°C, <2 seconds
 Biomass converted to
liquid pyrolysis oil
 Fast fluidized bed, sand
as heat carrier
 High yields; >70 wt%
liquid on woody
biomass
Solid Biomass
Commercially Proven Patented Technology
ENV 5233-04
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Pyrolysis Oil to Energy & Fuels Vision
Electricity
Production
P
P
Energy/
Fuels
P
Biomass
Fast
Pyrolysis
P
Fuel Oil
Substitution
Available for Sale
Forest Fiber
Pyrolysis
Oil
Ag Residue
Commercially
available in 2012
Transport
Fuels
(Gasoline,
Jet, Diesel)
Phased Commercialization
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RTPTM Delivery & Scope of Supply
• Standard sized modular units
offered
– 100, 200, 400 and 1000 Bone Dry
Metric Tons per Day (BDMTPD)
– Design adjusted to meet site
specific requirements
• Design based on hardwood
sapwood
– If alternate feedstock being
processed, unit performance to be
re-rated
– Unit performance is guaranteed
• Broad modular experience in
refining, petrochemical and oil &
gas industries
Modular Delivery Provides Faster Execution
and Higher Reliability
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RTPTM Operating History & Commercial Experience
• Commercialized in the 1980’s
• 7 units designed and operated in the US & Canada
• Continuous process with >90% availability
Plant
Year
Built
Operating Capacity (Metric
Tonnes Per Day)
Location
Manitowoc RTPTM – 1
1993
30
Manitowoc, WI, USA
Rhinelander RTPTM – 1
1995
35
Rhinelander, WI, USA
Rhinelander Chemical #2
1995
2
Rhinelander, WI, USA
Rhinelander RTPTM – 2
2001
45
Rhinelander, WI, USA
Rhinelander Chemical #3
2003
1
Rhinelander, WI, USA
Petroleum Demo # 1
2005
300 barrels per day
Bakersfield, CA, USA
Renfrew RTPTM – 1 (Owned
and operated by Ensyn)
2007
100
Renfrew, Ontario, Canada
Note: design basis for wood based plants assumes feedstocks with 6 wt% moisture content.
Significant Commercial Experience
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Feedstock Sources
• Forestry and Pulp and Paper
• Wood chips, sawdust, bark
• Forestry residues
• Agricultural
• Residues – corn stover, expended fruit
bunches from palm (EFB), bagasse
• Purpose-grown energy crops –
miscanthus, elephant grass
• Post-consumer
• Construction and Demolition Waste,
Categories 1&2
• Municipal solid waste (future)
Cellulosic Feedstocks Widely Available
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Feed Handling / Preparation
• Water is a heat sink
• Dried to 5-6 wt%
moisture content for
efficient RTPTM reactor
operation
• Size impacts heat
transfer
• Biomass sized to 0.1250.25 inch (3-6 mm)
Raw Biomass
Up to 40 wt%
Moisture
Feed
Handling
Prepared
Biomass
“As Fed”
5 – 6wt%
Moisture
0.125 to 0.25"
Pyrolysis Oil
“As Produced”
RTP
Storage
• Capacity of unit
expressed on bone
dry feed basis
• BDMTPD
• Zero water content
RTPTM is Self-Sustaining – Excess Heat Dries
Raw Biomass
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RTPTM Product Yields
400 BDMTPD of Whitewood Hardwood
Feed, wt%
Whitewood Hardwood
Yields For Various Feeds
100
Biomass
Feedstock Type
Pyrolysis Oil
70
Hardwood
70 – 75
By-Product Vapor
15
Softwood
70 – 80
Char
15
Hardwood Bark
60 – 65
Softwood Bark
55 – 65
Corn Fiber
65 – 75
Bagasse
70 – 75
Waste Paper
60 – 80
Typical Product Yields, wt% Dry Feed
Typical Pyrolysis
Oil Yield, wt% of
Dry Feedstock
Second Generation Feedstock Flexible With High Yields of
Pyrolysis Oil
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RTPTM Pyrolysis Oil Properties
• Pourable, storable and transportable liquid
fuel
• Energy densification relative to biomass
• Contains approximately 50-55% energy
content of fossil fuel
• Requires separate storage from fossil
fuels
Comparison of Heating Value of Pyrolysis Oil
and Typical Fuels
MJ / Litre
BTU / US
Gallon
Methanol
17.5
62,500
Pyrolysis Oil
19.9
71,500
Ethanol
23.5
84,000
Light Fuel Oil (#2)
38.9
139,400
Fuel
Suitable for Energy Applications
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Pyrolysis Oil Applications
Pyrolysis Oil Energy Applications
RTP
Unit
Fuel
Burner
Heat
Gas
Turbine
Electricity
CHP
Stationary
Diesel
Engine
Optimized
UOP
Upgrading
Technology
Gasification
Syngas
Fischer
Tropsch
Green
Gasoline,
Green
Diesel &
Green Jet
Hydrocracking/
Dewaxing
• Replacement of fossil fuel
for heat/steam generation
• Co-firing with coal
• Production of green
electricity
• Alternate revenue stream
from external sale
• Future upgrading to
transportation fuels
Multiple Applications for Pyrolysis Oil, a Renewable Fuel
Available Today
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Pyrolysis Oil: Alternate Revenue Stream
• Development of pyrolysis oil as a
well-defined commodity critical to
success
– Producer and consumer
confidence
• ASTM standard specification for
use of pyrolysis oil in industrial
burners is a key first step
Comparison of Cost of Selling PyOil vs. Making
PyOil
$US/US Gallon
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
Selling PyOil
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ASTM D7544, Standard Specification for
Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
PROPERTY
VALUE
TEST METHOD
Gross Heat of
Combustion,
MJ/kg Point, oC
15 min
ASTM D240
Pyrolysis Solids
Content, wt%
2.5 max
ASTM D7544,
Annex I
Water Content,
wt%
30 max
ASTM E203
pH
report
ASTM E70
Kinematic
Viscosity, cSt @
40 °C
125 max
ASTM D445
Density, kg/dm3
@ 20 °C
1.1 – 1.3
ASTM D4052
Sulfur Content,
wt%
0.05 max
ASTM 4294
Ash Content, wt%
0.25 max
ASTM 482
Flash Point, oC
45 min
ASTM D93,
Procedure B
Pour Point, oC
-9 max
ASTM D97
Making PyOil
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Pyrolysis Oil vs. Fossil Fuel LCA
Comparison of GHG Emissions
Cradle to Delivered Energy
120
Energy Extraction
GHG Emissions
gCO2 eq/MJ
100
80
Pyrolysis Oil Production foot print
similar to fossil energy alternatives
60
Assumed biomass transport distances
40
 200 km for logging residues
 25 km for short rotation forest crops
20
0
Petroleum
Crude Oil
Hard
Coal
Natural Canadian PyOil
PyOil
from
Gas
Oil Sands
from
Crude Oil Logging Willow
Residues
PyOil
from
Poplar
Comparison of GHG Emissions
Cradle to Delivered Energy, and Burned
120
Life Cycle
GHG Emissions
gCO2 eq/MJ
100
80
through combustion
60
40
20
0
Petroleum
Fuel Oil
Honeywell Confidential
Hard
Coal
Natural
Gas
PyOil
from
Logging
Residues
PyOil
from
Willow
Pyrolysis Oil Life Cycle foot print
Greener than other alternatives
 Carbon neutral combustion emission
 70-88% lower GHG emissions
 SOx emissions similar to Natural Gas
PyOil
from
Poplar
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Pyrolysis Oil: Upgrading to Green
Transportation Fuels
• Objectives
– Remove oxygen molecules
– Reduce acidity and viscosity
– Break up molecules to make
gasoline and diesel/jet precursors
– Commercialization expected in 2012
• Solution
– Thermochemical upgrading;
leverage UOP’s extensive
hydroprocessing experience
– Continuous, reliable guaranteed
process, per current refinery
standards
Achieved in Lab, Working on Scale-up
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Integrated Biorefinery Demo - Biomass to Transport Fuels
• Honeywell UOP received $25M DOE
grant
Integrated Bio-Refinery (IBR) Complex
• Plant to be built at Tesoro/Hawaii
refinery, operated by UOP
• Will include RTPTM and pyrolysis oil
upgrading
•
2nd
–
–
–
–
–
–
Spent Air
H2
Generation
Unit
Air
Water
Wastewater
Steam
Fuel
Generation feedstocks to include
Utilities
Corn Stover
Cane Bagasse
Biomass
Grasses
Sugar Corn
Algae Biomass
Forest Residue
Rapid
Thermal
Processing
Unit
Pyrolysis
Oil
Conversion
Unit
1 tonne
per day
4 Barrels
per day
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
• Demonstration to be complete in
three years
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Conclusions
Conclusions
• Global and European climate targets address the
need of renewable energy, 2nd generation
biofuels and low-carbon technologies
• RTPTM is commercially proven, mature
technology ready for industrial use
– Seven units designed and operated
• Reliable operation with 90% on-line availability
• Designed to maximize pyrolysis oil yield, 70 wt%
based on hardwood sapwood feed
• Cost competitive with fossil fuel oil
• Engineering and modular delivery by worldrenowned industry leader
• Upgrading technology to transportation fuels
expected to be available in 2 years
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Thank You!
• Contact information
• Kari Liukko:
Honeywell Confidential
[email protected]
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