Transcript Refuse Derived Fuel - RDF

Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) production
today and a Projection into the Future
Presentation to the FEAD International Conference
Bruges, 18 October 2002
Paul Huggard (SITA) & Bernard Lanfranchi (Vivendi Environnement)
Terminology
• Several terms / concepts are currently used in EU:
- SRF (Solid Recovered Fuel)
- RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)
• Common feature: fuels produced from waste
• Definition of SRF proposed by CEN standardisation committee
(TC343):
- Solid Recovered Fuel: « Fuel prepared from non hazardous waste
to be utilised in waste incineration or co-incineration plants »
- Fuel: « Energy carrier intended for energy conversion »
Solid recovered fuels fit into a range of other
waste-derived fuels, based on European law
Level of environmental risk of the untreated waste
High
Low
A common denominator of
these fuels is that they
contribute to sustainable
development...
Substitute fuel
from hazwaste
WI directive
SRF
WI(2) directive
Landfill
biogas
Biomass
RES-E(1)
directive
RES-E
directive
…either through generation of
electricity/heat or substitution for
fossil fuel
Complexity of required pre-treatment
(1) Renewable Energy Sources - Electricity (2) Waste Incineration
High
SRF production currently represents a tiny
part of the European waste market...
Rising to 14 Mt, 3.4% of volumes treated in Europe as a whole in 2005
Source: CEN Report, 2001
…but production volumes are expected to grow
rapidly in the next few years
Projected growth in SRF production volumes,
selected EU countries, 2000 - 2005
Sweden
4%
Spain
Portugal 8%
4%
Sweden UK
4%
4%
Netherlands
18%
Austria Belgium
2%
4%
UK
Finland
2%
3%
France
8%
Netherlands
12%
Austria
7%
Belgium
6%
Germany
30%
Italy
15%
Finland
12%
Ireland
4%
Greece
4%
2005 : 12.4 MT produced
Italy
13%
Germany
36%
2000 : 1.4 MT produced
Compound annual
growth rate = 54%
Sources: CEN / FEAD estimates
SRF can bring added value to the search for a secure
energy source in Europe
Estimated recovered energy
from EfW plants
in 2005 in EU 15 countries:
Potential recovered energy
from SRF production plants
in 2005 in EU 15 countries:
3,7 MTOE / Year
5,8 MTOE / Year
• Same order of magnitude (lower tonnage compensated by higher
calorific value)
• Total EU15 production of primary energy: 790 MTOE/Year in 2001
• Actual development of SRF production will be conditioned by
- Legislative / regulatory factors
- Technical / economic factors
Legislative / Regulatory factors: two possible trends
• At national level: towards possible assimilation of SRF to
fuel when its characteristics are close to those of
commercial fuels
Certain national situations already tend towards this
interpretation (Scandinavia, Austria, Italy)
• At European level: towards stricter interpretation of waste
derived fuel status, along with the CEN mandate
Waste status applicable to all RDF, SRF
Consequence: RDF/SRF subject to WID
Example of Waste Derived Fuels users / outlets
Waste from which
Fuel is derived
(example)
Wood residue (untreated)
Wood waste containing
no or very low levels
of HOC or heavy metals
(high Standard)
Non hazardous waste from
Industry or Municipalities
(high Standard)
Main SRF users
WID implemented
Prospective SRF users /
Standardisation
achieved
District heating
District heating
Cement kilns
EfW plants
District heating
Cement kilns
EfW plants
Power plants
Steelworks
Cement Kilns
EfW plants
Power plants
Steelworks
Technical / economic factors which influence SRF
manufacture
• Local and acceptable waste arising
- Commercial & Industrial Waste capable of providing SRF of
high quality and calorific value
- National level of development in sorting / selective collection
• Price levels of competing treatment
- Landfill gate fees (including landfill tax)
- Incineration / co-incineration gate fees (competition or outlets)
• Strict & consistent quality criteria to meet client needs
- Level of pollutants
- Physical / chemical properties, granulometry ...
• Long term outlets
- EfW plants, cement kilns
- Power plants, CHP, steelworks
• Fossil fuel costs
- Heavier taxation?
Conclusion (1)
• Potential quantity of energy from SRF production
and usage is in the same order of magnitude as
energy from mass-burn incineration
• Pace of development of SRF market will be
influenced by standardisation and legislative /
regulatory status
• SRF standardisation process within CEN will take several
years to come to fruition
• Product status for SRF seems unlikely in the short run
Conclusion (2)
Waste Management Industry has an active role to play
in providing its share of the EU energy needs, through
complementary treatment options:
• EfW contribution to energy security
contribution must be protected
this
• SRF preparation and utilisation
downstream
outlets will have to be secured for SRF long term
development