Transcript Dynamic Improvements to Public Transportation in Malaysia
Dynamic Improvements to Public Transportation in Malaysia
ABF Public Transport Forum October 28-29, 2008
Presentation Structure
Introductions – who we are Resolving Public Transport Issues in Malaysia Regulation has to change Organization has to change A New Model for Public Transport Making it happen Conclusion
So…who are you?
The Association for the Improvement of Mass-Transit (TRANSIT), Klang Valley A diverse group of public transport users A united voice for the passenger Our Goal to ensure the voice of the passenger is heard in public transport planning, regulation, and operations To increase awareness about what public public transport can bring to our communities
Resolving Public Transport Issues in Malaysia
MYTH
: Public Transport is a mobility service for poor people Hence the following
misunderstandings
: Investment in private transport is more important the nation than investment in public transport for Supporting the needs of private transport users is a priority in Malaysia There are no “choice users” of public transport We should give the users
(those poor souls)
cheap, basic service that they want/need the Real improvement to public transport requires scale investments such as
LRT or monorail
large-
Resolving Public Transport Issues in Malaysia
FACT:
Public transport provides 3 functions for society Mobility for those not using private transport Development tool to reduce infrastructure costs A business operation with potential for profits Investment in public transport is investment in
critical
communications
infrastructure
Far less money has been invested properly into public transport than in other infrastructure
Why don’t “choice users” choose to use public transport?
TRIP
(Mass) transit journey is too tiring
ROUTE
Transit routes are very complicated
PLATFORM
Transit points are not accessible
To make people use public transport…
TRIP
MAKE TRIP FAST AND COMFORTABLE
(Mass) transit journey is too tiring
MAKE GETTING TO PLACES SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD
ROUTE
Transit routes are very complicated
MAKE TRANSFERS CONVENIENT AND HASSLE FREE
PLATFORM
Transit points are not accessible
The current system cannot work because:
The single most important competitor to public transport is private transport Taxpayers’ money has not been used to fund common infrastructure to
TRIP
support public transport the way it is used to build and maintain roads for cars.
Collective movement of people
ROUTE
Servicing common corridor with greater
Operators pitted against each other will take every cost
efficiency
savings they can get away with in absence of any
PLATFORM
reasonable standards, regulations and enforcement
Facilitated by pooled resources (stations, street signals, dedicated lanes etc)
Mass transit vehicles SHARE travel space with private vehicles Operators maximize whatever they can squeeze from any loophole in public infrastructure (i.e. loitering of parked buses, unruly road hogging and speeding)
Regulation has to change
Public transport is not coordinated Various disconnected services operated by various disconnected corporations Some important questions Why are government corporations competing with private corporations?
Will the
S.P.A.N.
be just another agency? (#14) Does the government have a clear, realistic plan for public transport?
Are government and operators listening to us?
So?
To do this we
must appreciate and understand all functions
of public transport when we plan, regulate, and operate these services Is the service providing universal accessibility ?
Is the service enhancing development ?
Is the service planned and implemented to reduce other infrastructure costs ?
Have we
maximized the benefits
minimized the costs?
Are we
planning ahead
and or planning too late?
The importance of planning:
TRIP
Collective movement of people
ROUTE
Servicing common corridors with greater efficiency
PLATFORM
Facilitated by pooled resources (stations, street signals, dedicated lanes etc)
Who does what in public transport
TRIP
This highly systemic and strategic task should be entrusted to a centralized authority with a high-level of legislative and enforcement powers
Collective movement of people
ROUTE
Servicing common corridor with greater
This operational task is typically taken by private or
efficiency
quasi-government operators.
PLATFORM
Facilitated by pooled resources (stations, street signals, dedicated lanes etc)
Pooled resources refer to commonly shared infrastructures funded by taxpayers.
Ownership by local and regional level authorities is a must.
The bottom line of public transport…
MAKE TRIP FAST AND COMFORTABLE MAKE GETTING TO PLACES SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD MAKE TRANSFERS CONVENIENT AND HASSLE FREE
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS in:
Accessibility Availability Reliability Safety Comfort • • • The measurement of performance is the key, because…… If you can’t measure it, you can’t control it… If you can’t control it, you can’t manage it… If you can’t manage it, you can’t improve it.
Change the regulation…
Public Transport is a “
rakyat
issue” Public Transport Oversight and Regulation should be handled by a Select Parliamentary Committee A Centralized Authority (
S.P.A.N.
) to: Create national standards for public transport Integrate planning with National Physical Plan Determine funding needs and provide funds Invest in critical improvements to infrastructure
Change the regulation…
Local / Regional Authorities are empowered to carry out the regulation of public transport Local / Regional Authorities would be integrated with economic growth regions Focus on local and regional planning as identified in the National Physical Plan Ownership of crucial public transport infrastructure Provision of investment capital and funding
A new model for public transport
Authority provides & owns all vital infrastructure (incl. routes) Operators contracted to the Local or Regional Authority for a 3-5 year period Contract through open tender and KPI Operators are paid a contract fee for services provided with additional incentives for meeting/exceeding KPI Feedback from passengers becomes vital
A new organizational model
Fair allocation of risks and responsibilities between operators and authorities
KPIs in:
Accessibility Availability Reliability Safety Comfort
INPUTS Taxpayers Money Infrastructure Technology Resources Labor CONSUMED OUTPUTS Passenger/mile Passenger/energy unit Infra. KPIs Service KPIs SERVICE EFFICIENCY PRODUCED OUTPUTS Journey covered/labor Operational cost/mile Vehicle seats/mile
A new financing model
Non-discriminating distribution of tax revenue and fee income to cover entire population
FUNDING LOCAL / STATE GOVT
Quit rent rates depend on proximity to transit connections Congestion charges, summons
FEDERAL GOVT
Taxes, royalties, duties, levies
PENALTY
IF KPIs NOT MET
TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES CIVIL DUTY COMMUTERS EXTRA FEE
FOR VALUE-ADDED SERVICE
OPERATORS Contracted to:
Private local GLC-funded local Private foreign
The view from TRANSIT
Indiscriminate LRT expansion not needed Go back to the RapidKL “hub-and-spoke” model used from 2006-2007 This time, we make it work!
Authority builds vital infrastructure (hubs, lanes) Authority directs local councils to identify bus routes All bus operators under contract to Authority Packaging of “Areas” will combine lucrative trunk routes with express and suburban routes
TRANSIT’s Klang Valley Network
Our “Strategic Plan” - Start from the basics Make the bus service work well Enhance the bus services by introducing critical infrastructure (lanes, hubs) Introduce “Quality Bus” or “Rapid Transit” services to improve speed, frequency, reliability Then, we invest How many passengers per direction per hour?
Choose the appropriate technology to meet our needs maximize benefits at the lowest cost!
Ex. Kelana Jaya LRT to Lembah Subang
To move 10,000 pax/d/h we can choose:
LRT Monorail Tram* Bus* Capital Cost/km Pax/d/h (000s) Right-of Way type Flexibility RM250 300 mn 9-25 none Community Urban RM150 200 mn 6-20 Class A Class A none Urban Growth 2 gen 2 gen RM40 150 mn 4-15 Class A/B/C some U/Sub 3 gen RM25 50 mn 3-10 Class A/B/C greater U/S/Rur 2 gen
Moving 10,000 passengers/d/h
So what does that mean?
The LRT solution is not the only one we should look at – the costs are higher and benefits lower Mass-Transit only when demand is proven For congested urban areas, monorail
may
more cost-effective solution than LRT be a Rapid Trams have the greatest combination of costs, capacity, and flexibility Rapid Transit on main roads (BRT, Trams) and expressways (ERT) is the best way to introduce rapid transit to our communities Uses the existing (and paid-for) road infrastructure Construction costs are lower so more km of routes Can be built faster and fine-tuned more easily
Perhaps you want to see lines on a map?
-ve >
+ve
I feel it is an attempt at
misdirection
we see the map, we think the line will be built We stop asking those serious questions We wait and wait and wait and promises continue
but no improvements!
Ex. Subang Jaya LRT
Ex. Penang Monorail
Conclusion
Understand what makes public transport works best (utilizing all 3 functions) Public Transport is a “
rakyat
issue” Involve the
rakyat
& involve them
S.P.A.N.
plus Local / Regional Authority Gov’t management + Private operators Fair allocation: funding, resources & risks Maximize benefits, minimize costs!
Keep it simple and make it work!
Thank you for your time
Moaz Yusuf Ahmad [email protected]
012-248-3330 On behalf of TRANSIT http://transitmy.org
klangvalley_transit [email protected]