Transcript Mainstreaming GEF projects in UNDP CO Programme: Albania

GHG Inventory System in Albania
Ermira Fida, MBA
Mirela Kamberi, MSc
Climate Change Unit/Program
VERTIC/REC UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol Workshop
Budapest, Hungary
9 – 10 October, 2006
Albania & UNFCCC
• Joined the UNFCCC in 1995
• Non-Annex I Party to the UNFCCC
• Joined the Kyoto Protocol on 16 December 2004
• INC completed on July 2002
• Submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat
• Launched at COP8, India.
• Technology Needs Assessment completed on
November 2004
• SNC started (March 2005)
•
•
•
•
Stocktaking exercise completed
SNC Project Document approved from GEF
GHG inventory under preparation
Vulnerability and adaptation analysis under
preparation
Why National Communications?
Article 4
• …to develop, periodically update, publish and
make available to the COP, national inventories
of anthropogenic emissions of GHGs…
• …to formulate, implement publish, and regularly
update national and where appropriate, regional
programs containing measures to mitigate
climate change and to facilitate adaptation to
climate change…
• …to communicate to the COP, through the
Secretariat, the above elements
UNFCCC
Institutional capacity for NCs
• Relies upon the responsibility of the
Climate Change Unit:
• Based under the Ministry of Environment of
Albania
• Responsible for managements and
implementation of UNDP-GEF portfolio for
climate change
• Responsible for implementation of the
UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol.
Institutional framework for NCs
UNDP-GEF
NCSP
UNDP-RBEC
Manager of
UNDP-GEF
Climate Change Program
UNDP Albania
Technical teams
Inventory
Abatement
Ministry of
Environment, Forests &
Water Management
V&A
Institutions, NGO, Ministries
Mainstreaming
MoETE
Hydromet
MoAFCP
INSTAT
EESD
others
UNDP-GEF climate change portfolio
Projects
INC
TNA
Reg.GHG Inv
Stock-take
SNC
Solar PDF B
Global SWH
Project
Adapt. PDF A
(pipeline)
‘99
‘00
‘01
‘02
‘03
‘04
‘05
‘06
’07..
Content of the Albania’s INC
Executive Summary
Country Profile
GHG inventory
Abatement analysis
Vulnerability and adaptation
National Climate Action Plan
Public awareness, training, …
Problems, constraints
References
Country Profile
Geography
Square
Climate
Demography
Energy
Forests
Transport
Water
Agriculture
Environment
Tourism
Economy
Education
Industry
Livestock
GHG inventory: the scope
CO2
N2O
CH4
CO
GHG emissions
ALBANIA
Energy
Agriculture
CO2/GDP
CO /GDP
2
Industry
Forests
CO2/capita
NOx
NMVOC
1994 base year
1990-1994
(CO2 /energy)
Key
Sources
Data gaps
Waste
Solvents
Uncertainty
GHG inventory: the approach
• 10/CP2 & draft revised UNFCCC guidelines:
• Old GEF operational guidelines for Expedited Procedures for
NC for NAI Parties.
• Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines
• CORINAIR
• Classification of Solvents
• IPCC default EFs
• Country specific EFs
• EF(wood stoves, industrial boilers
• classification of fruit trees
• IPCC Good Practice Guidance
• Uncertainty estimates
• Key sources
GHG inventory: Main findings
N2O
4.19%
CH4
30.49%
CO2
65.32%
Waste
4.81%
Energy
44.00%
LUC&For
estry
21.60%
Agricult.
27.12%
Industrial
Process.
2.96%
•[7061.45 Gg] CO2 eqv
emissions total
•CO2 - the main GHG
•Energy sector –the main
source category
•Forest sector – GHG emitter
rather than sink
GHG inventory: main indicators
Arm enia
Albania
Fyrom
Denmark
361
Austria
362
Italy
391
Japan
510
1.30
1.97
3.11
Italy
6.60
Austria
7.10
European Union
539
Greece
7.50
Germany
560
European Union
8.40
UK
595
Japan
8.60
USA
650
UK
Germ any
Denm ark
9.20
Greece
10.50
Fyrom
12.00
USA
2437
Albania
19.80
CO2/Capita
1026
3758
Armenia
6876
CO2/GDP
4
5
4%
6
CO2 – agriculture
3
8%
CH4-waste
11%
CO2-fuel combustion
in energy
2
CO2-fuel combustion
in transport
1
CO2-fuel combustion
in industry
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
CO2 – fuel wood
GHG inventory – Key sources
2%
14%
21%
22%
7
8
9
10
11
Phase II – Tech. Needs Assessment
• Complementary to the Albania’s INC
• Reviewed measures proposed under INC in the light of new
socio-economic developments and priorities.
• Scope of assessment:
• GHG abatement
• Energy , Transport, LUCF, Waste, Agriculture
• Adaptation
• Coastal area
• Approach used:
• UNDP-GEF handbook for TNA
• Multi criteria analysis , weights and scores.
• Other country experiences
• Main output:
• Albania’s TNA report
• Priority technology needs for each sector under assessment
• A package of project idea notes
SNC: What is new?
• National Circumstances
• Update the socio-economic development profile
• GHG inventory
•
•
•
•
Base year 2000
Time-series 1994-2000
Improved data (through UNDP-GEF regional project)
Reduced uncertainties
• GHG abatement
• Update the INC scenarios
• Extended scenarios: 2005-2025
• V&A
• Utilize the Adaptation Policy Framework
• Focused on a priority system: Drini River Cascade
Regional Project on Improvement of the GHG
Inventory
• NIS and GHG inventory in Albania:
• before the start up of the Regional Project on
Improvement of the GHG Inventory;
• at the end of the Regional Project on Improvement
of the GHG Inventory
Recalling that:
A National Inventory System (NIS) is a set of
relations / network between people and
institutions to ensure:
•
•
•
•
Availability of the GHG inventory
Sustainability of the GHG inventory process
Consistency of reported emission estimates
Standard quality results
NIS documentation before the regional project
• Inventory documents
• Albania’s First National Communication
• GHG inventory chapter for 1994
• GHG inventory report
• A simple report which has been extracted to produce
the GHG inventory chapter for FNC
• Inventory “round” documents
•
•
•
•
Manual
QA/QC
GHG improvement strategy
Archiving
Almost missing !!
GHG inventory activity data sources
• No “statistical office” for activity collection and
provision for the purpose of GHG inventory.
• INSTAT and different line ministries and institutes provide
data upon our request.
• On 1994 INSTAT set up the Business Register of economic
enterprises on the basis of the activity and number of employees.
GHG inventory activity data flow
National Agency of
Energy
Ministry of Industry
ENERGY &
TRANSPORT
(sectors)
and Energy
INSTAT
Ministry of Economy
INDUSTRY &
SOLVENT
(sectors)
GHG
Ministry of
Agriculture and Food
Institute of
AGRICULTURE
(sector)
Veterinary
Ministry of
Agriculture and Food
LUCF
(sector)
Institute of Forestry
National Agency of
Environment
Regional Agencies of
Environment
Ministry of Territory
INSTAT
WASTE
(sector)
TOTAL GHG
INVENTORY EMISSIONS FOR
YEAR 1994
TEAM
GHG inventory-Data Gaps
• Inconsistency or/and low level of
disaggregating of AD to the IPCC format
• transport, energy consumption in industry, wood
biomass burned for energy,…
• High variability of AD among ’90s due to the
transition phase
• transport, fuel consumption in industry, agriculture
• Lack of reported data from the private activities
• lime production, livestock breeding, biomass burned
for energy
GHG inventory-level of uncertainty
 Overall uncertainty of GHG inventory 19.2%
 Significant contributor – fuel wood with 79.2%;
 The total combined uncertainty (CO2) – 19.4%
 Significant contributor – LUCF with 95.6%;
 The total combined uncertainty (CH4) – 55.8%
 Significant contributor - enteric fermentation with 47%;
 The total combined uncertainty (N2O) – 391%
 Significant contributor – stationary fuel combustion,
energy manufacturing and construction industries, with
353%.
Albania’s NIS documentation at the end of the regional
project
• Inventory documents
• Improved inventory for key sources (regional)
• Improved AD (1994-2000) for key sources
• GHG national inventory report
• A detailed NIR
• Inventory “round” documents
• Manual of procedures
• QA/QC
• Archiving
• GHG improvement strategy
Improvement of GHG inventory
• How?
• Use data/inventories from other projects / studies
• Apply correlation, interpolation, extrapolation
when judged that gives trustable results
• Survey method to be used under SNC phase.
National Inventory Report
• A detailed National Inventory Report
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Emission estimates
Categories, sectors
Methodology used for estimates
Data available,
Data gaps, barriers
Key sources
Uncertainty level
Annexes
Manual of procedures
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Institutional arrangements for GHG inventory
Sources of data for each category
Planning/steps of an inventory cycle
Reporting format for inventory
Methodology to perform an inventory
Methodology to fill data gaps
QA/QC plan
Other relevant documentation
Annexes
Strategy for improvement of inventory
• Short-term strategy-(2004-2006)
• Regional project strategy
• Collect new data when exist, develop methodology to fill
data gaps when do not exist
• Mid-term Strategy-(2006 – 2009)
• SNC /Second GHG inventory project strategy
• Use new data and the soft methodology developed under
the regional project.
Archiving…
MODULE
SUBMODULE
WORKSHEET
•
SHEETS
ENERGY
CO2 FROM ENERGY SOURCES (REFERENCE APPROACH)
1-1
1 OF 5
COUNTRY ALBANIA
YEAR 1994
STEP 1
FUEL TYPES
Liquid Fossil
Primary Fuels
Secondary Fuels
Crude Oil
Orimulsion
Natural Gas Liquids
Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
Shale Oil
Gas / Diesel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
LPG
A
B
C
Production
Imports
Exports
Documentation of
Activity Data
related with
Production
486.23 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
Documentation
of Activity Data
related with
Imports
0 Based in the NEB
1.2 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
23.54 Based in the NEB
20.268 Based in the NEB
34.511 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
164.79 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
19.8 Based in the NEB
Documentation of
Activity Data
related with
Exports
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
0 Based in the NEB
Archiving…
FERENCE APPROACH)
•
STEP 3
H
I
J
K
Apparent
Carbon Emission
Carbon Content
Carbon Content
Consumption
(TJ)
Factor
(t C/TJ)
(t C)
(Gg C)
J=(HxI)
K=(J/1000)
Documentation of Carbon Emission Factor
H=(FxG)
20,843.71
51.44
0.00
1,009.11
0.00
1,479.42
0.00
6,849.88
0.00
848.79
20 Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF
17.2
18.9
19.5
19.6
Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF
Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF
Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF
Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF
20.2 Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF
21.2 Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF
17.2 Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF
416,874.15
0.00
0.00
19,072.23
0.00
28,996.58
0.00
138,367.53
0.00
14,599.13
416.87
0.00
0.00
19.07
0.00
29.00
0.00
138.37
0.00
14.60
Other achievements
• Increasing the number of the inventory experts
•
• from 5 to 11
Training of inventory experts on GPG
• Training of trainers
• Increased level of awareness on climate change issues and
GHG inventory
• Inventory component has been addressed under the Article 6 Project
funded by UNEP
• Survey: 40% of interviewed people knows about National Communication
and likely the same share knows GHG inventory as well.
• Communication strategy
• Competition for posters
• National stakeholders workshop
• Presentation of regional project results has been made
• Regional Project related information can be accessed under the national
web page.
Improvement of the inventory
case of waste category
FNC figures for 1994, WASTE
Urban & Rural Albanian population: General Registration
1990
4000000
3800000
3600000
3400000
3200000
3000000
2800000
2600000
2400000
2200000
2000000
1800000
1600000
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
1984
y = 60716x - 1E+08
R 2 = 0.9999
y = 31259x - 6E+07
R 2 = 0.9985
ALBANIA
rural
Linear (rural)
1985
1986
y = 29457x - 6E+07
R 2 = 0.9977
urban
Linear (urban)
Linear (ALBANIA)
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Urban & Rural population: General Registration 1990 &
1999
4600000
4400000
4200000
4000000
3800000
3600000
3400000
3200000
3000000
2800000
2600000
2400000
2200000
2000000
1800000
1600000
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
y = 60716x - 1E+08
R 2 = 0.9999
y = 14355x - 3E+07
R 2 = 0.7644
Albania registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999
Albania Cencus, INSTAT - 2001
Linear (Albania Cencus, INSTAT - 2001)
Linear (Albania registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999)
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Urban population: General Registration of 1990 &
1999
2000000
1900000
1800000
1700000
1600000
1500000
1400000
1300000
1200000
1100000
1000000
900000
800000
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
1984 1985
Albania Urban registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999
Albania Urban Cencus, INSTAT - 2001
Linear (Albania Urban registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999)
Linear (Albania Urban Cencus, INSTAT - 2001)
y = 29457x - 6E+07
2
R = 0.9977
y = 36338x - 7E+07
2
R = 0.9863
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Rural population: General Registration of 1990 &
1999
2600000
2500000
2400000
2300000
2200000
2100000
2000000
1900000
1800000
1700000
1600000
1500000
1400000
1300000
1200000
1100000
1000000
900000
800000
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
y = 31259x - 6E+07
R 2 = 0.9985
y = -14845x + 3E+07
R 2 = 0.9536
Albania Rural registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999
Albania Rural Cencus, INSTAT - 2001
Linear (Albania Rural registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999)
Linear (Albania Rural Cencus, INSTAT - 2001)
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Urban population: Correction based in General Registrations
of 1990 & 1999
Breakdown of Albanian population to each administrative division for the year
1994
Administrative
division, 1994
rural
small
pure
Districts
pure urban
total urban
Urban
rural
towns
rural
Berat
39320
86143
27524
5169
80974
32693
Bulqize
8632
34308
8632
0
34308
8632
Delvine
3616
6933
3616
0
6933
3616
Devoll
5836
29110
5836
0
29110
5836
Diber
12179
74940
12179
2248
72692
14428
Durres
98426
71549
78741
5724
65825
84465
Elbasan
83767
132951
83767
7977
124974
91744
Fier
65758
128874
65758
6444
122430
72202
Gramsh
9027
26274
9027
0
26274
9027
Gjirokaster
19762
34400
17786
2064
32336
19850
…….
…..
….
….
….
…
….
Tirana
305264
175720
305264
2636
173085
307900
Tropoje
6475
21479
6475
0
21479
6475
Vlore
73398
64605
66058
3230
61375
69288
Albania
1120000 1860000
1054620
65969 1794031
1120588
Av. specific waste daily production after the corrected
number of population (kg/day capita)
Average specific waste daily production after the corrected number of
population for each city (kg/day capita).
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Tirana
0.500
1.131 1.376 1.436
Durres
0.480
0.991 1.021 1.039
Vlore
0.480
1.232 1.103 1.121
Shkoder 0.470
1.120 0.960 0.998
Elbasan 0.470
0.954 0.919 0.957
Fier
0.480
0.910 0.937 1.014
Korce
0.470
1.048 1.080 1.135
Lezhe
0.420
0.755 0.759 0.866
Pogradec 0.420
1.048 0.930 1.036
Skrapar 0.400
0.723 0.743 0.779
Albania 0.469
1.062 1.117 1.166
Aver. spec. daily production of waste after the correction
(kg/day capita).
Tirana
Elbasan
Durres
Albania
Corrected figures
CH4 emissions from Waste
CH4 emissions from waste category
CH4 from Waste prepared on CH4 from Waste prepared
2000 for the year 1994
on 2005 for the year 1994
Gg/year for
year 1994
Change
between
them, %
15.00
14.25
13.50
12.75
12.00
11.25
10.50
9.75
9.00
8.25
7.50
6.75
6.00
5.25
4.50
3.75
3.00
2.25
1.50
0.75
0.00
13.9387
11.1765
100%
80.18%
13 .9 3 8 7 G g
10 0 .0 0 %
11.17 6 5 G g
8 0 .18 %
Gg/year fo r year 1994
Change between them, %
CH4 fro m Waste prepared o n 2000
CH4 fro m Waste prepared o n 2005
120%
115%
110%
105%
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
N2O emissions from Waste
N2O emissions from waste category
N2O from Waste prepared on
N2O from Waste prepared
2000 for the year 1994
on 2005 for the year 1994
Gg/year for
year 1994
Change
between
them, %
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.1517
0.1424
100%
93.82%
0 .15 17 G g
10 0 .0 0 %
0 .14 2 4 G g
9 3 .8 2 %
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
Gg/year fo r year 1994
Change between them, %
0.00
N2O fro m Waste prepared o n 2000
N2O fro m Waste prepared o n 2005
110%
105%
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
CO2 eqv. emissions from Waste
CO2 equivalent emissions from waste category
CO2 equivalent from Waste
CO2 equivalent from
prepared on 2000 for the year Waste prepared on 2005
1994
for the year 1994
Gg/year for
year 1994
Change
between
them, %
350.0
337.5
325.0
312.5
300.0
287.5
275.0
262.5
250.0
237.5
225.0
212.5
200.0
187.5
175.0
162.5
150.0
137.5
125.0
112.5
100.0
87.5
75.0
62.5
50.0
37.5
25.0
12.5
0.0
340
279
100%
82.07%
3 3 9 .7 5 G g
10 0 .0 0 %
2 7 8 .8 4 G g
8 2 .0 7 %
Gg/year fo r year 1994
Change between them, %
CO2eq. fro m Waste prepared o n 2000
CO2eq. fro m Waste prepared o n 2005
110%
105%
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Follow up…
• Update the Meta documents under the SNC
phase.
• Utilization of improved data for the SNC phase
• Keep exchanging the information between the
participating countries after the project closure
• Keep raising awareness on the importance of the
NIS and GHG exercise.
Efforts in mainstreaming…
• National Communication process not only for reporting
commitments under UNFCCC but for programming as well:
• Major findings from INC/TNA addressed to the National Energy
Strategy that complements NSSED
• Mobilizing resources to funding of priority technologies
• Energy efficiency (buildings)
• Solar panels –HWS
• Raise awareness among policy makers on climate change
• Kyoto Protocol
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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