Transcript Atmospheric Depth Profile
TIERRAS: an AIRES package to simulate high energy cosmic ray showers underground and underwater
Matías Tueros Instituto de Física La Plata – Universidad Nacional de La Plata XLIVth Rencontres du Moriond La Thuile , Italy – February 1-8 , 2009
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
AIRES: Extended Air Shower Simulator
Used by several collaborations on the Cosmic Ray community for the last 10 years.
Fast, stable, portable and with a small output, it is ideal for applications that require a huge amount of simulations to improve statistics. Sybill, QGSJET and QGSJET-II models for high energy hadronic interactions. EPOS is to be added on the next release. MOCCA extended low energy interactions model.
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
TIERRAS: Original Aim & Scope
Continue cosmic ray shower simulations 3m underground (540 g/cm -2 ) to calculate muon lateral distributions (for AMIGA muon counters) Use the several thousands AIRES showers already simulated up to ground level.
Use only one simulation software: same physics, same output, same interface with the detector simulation at gound level.
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Module Description
TIERRAS is currently implemeted as several AIRES Special Primary modules Modified “Atmospheres” for propagation: Soil, Standard Rock, Standard Sea Water and Ice Use the AIRES propagation routines/physics but Modified LPM Effect Routines Modified Dielectric Suppression Routines Caveat: AIRES Misses Muon induced spallation!
TIERRAS underestimates Muon Energy deposit above 2 TeV shower, all muons outside of the core are below 500 GeV at ground level) (Not a problem for AMIGA as on a 10EeV
Muon Energy Loss
Usual parametrizations TIERRAS simulation
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Muon Flux
• MACRO experiment • TIERRAS
(of muon at ground)
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Sample Results: AMIGA Depth
AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground at Array) Is an upgrade to the Auger Observatory consisting of A 27.5 km 2 infill of the array, to take the detection threshold of the observatory down to 1x10 17 eV.
30 m 2 muon counters burried 3m underground to determine the muon content of the showers for mass composition studies.
AIRES + UndergroundShower + AbovegroundShower 1 EeV Vertical Shower, 10 -6 thinning, 3m of soil
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Muon Lateral Distribution
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Muon/Electron ratio
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Number of Gammas
AIRES
Regain continuity TIERRAS AbovegroundShower TIERRAS UndergroundShower Simulation End (upgoing particles that would have been produced are missing) Ground level
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Energy of Gammas
Total Energy Mean Energy
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Number of Gammas
1 EeV Proton 1 EeV Iron
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Number of Muons
1 EeV Proton 1 EeV Iron
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Mean Muon Energy
1 EeV Proton 1 EeV Iron
•AIRES 2.8.4 code •TIERRAS code •Start an upgoing shower •Continue an Airshower Underground •Continue an Underground Shower on air •Start an upgoing or downgoing neutrino or exotic shower
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
TIERRAS: Evolving Aim & Scope
Fast particle propagation through dense homogeneous medium.
Applications for shallow (< 3 k.w.e) underground, underwater and underice sites for detector design, detector simulation input, detector calibration and results analysis.
Upgoing and skimming neutrino or exotic particles induced hadronic and electromagnetic showers. Earth and moon albedo simulations.
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Sample Result: Antares Depth
Energy spectrum of 2TeV muons and all its secondaries propagated through 3 km of sea water, without thinning. Only 2 seconds per muon on my 2Ghz celeron, 7 years old Laptop!
Comparison data from V. A. Kudryavtsev, arXiv:0810.4635v1 25 Oct 2008
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Sample Result: LPM on e
-
from
e LPM effect and Dielectric suppression are very important on standard rock above 77 TeV!
Idea from S. Klein, arXiv:0412546v1 21 Dec 2004 100s m!
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Outlook: a new simulation tool
A beta release version is available upon request for evaluation and testing Include hard muonic processes and neutrino propagation for very deep simulations is possible, and might be done if sufficient interest from users arises.
Still necessary to validate physics results for Neutrons, Pions and other particles, but looking good.
Independent tests and comparisons with other codes are most welcome!
This is not the end, my friend
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Electrons to Muons ratio
1 EeV Proton 1 EeV Iron
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Total Number of Particles
1 EeV Proton 1 EeV Iron
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Number of Electrons
1 EeV Proton 1 EeV Iron
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Number of Neutrons
1 EeV Proton 1 EeV Iron
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]
Number of Pions
1 EeV Proton 1 EeV Iron
Underground Shower Simulations – MJ Tueros [email protected]