Transcript WATER - Engineers Without Borders Australia

WATER
engineering a better world
According to the UN
Approximately 1.1 billion people still do not
have access to improved drinking water in
2005
By 2025, it is estimated that about two
thirds of the world's population - about
5.5 billion people - will live in areas
facing moderate to severe water stress
Appearances can be Deceiving!
Appearances can be Deceiving!
Why do we need Water?
World Water distribution
Why do we need a Good Water
Supply System?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R_vpNQ0fJc
&NR=1&feature=fvwp
Why do we need a Good Water
Supply System?
Possible Solutions to Water
Supply Issues
1. RAM PUMP / HYDRAMS
Possible Solutions to Water
Supply Issues
1. RAM PUMP / HYDRAMS
• Inexpensive
• Few moving parts
• Use the waters inherent
energy
Cons: Can only be used in limited scenarios
Possible Solutions to Water
Supply Issues
2. THE AQUADUCT
Possible Solutions to Water
Supply Issues
2. THE AQUADUCT
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-U-mvfjyiao
Is that water clean?
Is that water clean?
Child collecting drinking water in Cambodia
Is that water clean?
Child drinking water in Honduras, Central America
Is that water clean?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77Mv8pauMKc&eurl=http%3A%2F%2
Ftheinspirationroom.com%2Fdaily%2F2008%2Fworld-vision-dirty-wateronline%2F&feature=player_embedded
Is that water clean?
There are many filter and
solar distillation based
technologies designed to
provide clean drinking
water to people:
1. Ceramic / Clay Filter
2. Life Straw
3. Water cone
Child drinking water in
Sudan
Ceramic Filters
Life straw
Water Cone
Floating Islands
Desalination
• Australia is facing a major issue with soil and
underground water salinity.
• Removing soluble salts from water is not a
simple affair.
• In most cases desalination is an energy
intensive process!
Desalination by flocculation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpghIJG1-i0
Desalination via Reverse
osmosis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MDPBWKdSag
&feature=related
Desalination via distillation
• Think water cone but faster
• Involves evaporation/boiling of water and
collecting the condensate/distillate
• The main difference in such technology is
usually the source of the heating energy.
Water Supply Systems
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Image sourced from: http://www.dwc-water.com/technologies/greywater-recycling/index.html
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1. Grey water tank for biological
treatment (900 litres)
2. Grey water inflow
3. Grey water overflow
4. Sewage system
5. Grey water system ventilation 6.
Ultrafiltration module / sterilisation
7. Fresh water inflow
8. Rainwater / fresh water tank 2400
liters
9. Ventilation unit
10. Domestic water supply
11. Submersible pump
12. Biovitor
13. Rainwater inflow
14. Drinking water feed
15. System control
16. Soak-away
17. Rainwater / fresh water overflow
18. Soak-away ventilation
Questions?
Activity:
Make your own water filter
In country groups,
• Decide what to do
• Buy materials
• Make filter
• Test filter
• Present to class
How does the activity relate to the real world?
Activity
Real World
Different amounts of
money per group
• Based on actual country’s Gross Domestic
Product (GDP)
Illegible instructions
• Based on actual country’s illiteracy rate
• Lack of education and access to information
Resourcefulness of
groups with little
money
• People in poorer countries have their own
coping mechanisms
Collaboration between
countries
• North-South co-operation
• Richer countries formed the G8 and OECD
• Poorer countries formed the Group of 24
Useful Links
1. RAM PUMPS
• http://www.lifewater.ca/ram_pump.htm
• http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqw
m/ebae161_92.html
• http://www.clemson.edu/irrig/Equip/ram.htm
• http://home.att.net/~africantech/ESME/hydram2/HydRam2.
htm
• http://www.theramcompany.com/
• http://www.itdg.org/docs/technical_information_service/hydr
aulic_ram_pumps.pdf
Useful Links
2. AQUADUCT
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http://science.howstuffworks.com/earth/greentechnology/remediation/aquaduct-filtration-vehicle.htm/printable
3. CERAMIC FILTER
• http://www.rdic.org/waterceramicfiltration.htm
• http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002738.html
4. AUSTRALIAN DRINKING WATER GUIDELINES
• http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/publications/synopses/a
dwg_11_06.pdf
Useful Links
5. LIFESTRAW
• http://www.vestergaard-frandsen.com/lifestraw.htm
• http://express.howstuffworks.com/lifestraw2.htm
6. WATER CONE
• http://www.mage-watermanagement.com/
7. BIOHAVEN FLOATING ISLANDS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0TiKkbbNxI
• http://www.floatingislandinternational.com/fi_pages.php?name=m30
• http://patriotlwm.com/patriot-lwm-and-biohaven-floating-islands/
Useful Links
8. WATER ORGANISATIONS (Continued)
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http://water.org/facts/
http://www.treehugger.com/
http://www.rdic.org/home.htm
http://www.worldvision.com.au/ourwork/Solutions/WaterHe
althLife.aspx
http://aquaclara.org/what-we-do/the-challenge-of-cleanwater/
http://www.livelearn.org/projects/p02_adbvideo.asp
http://www.worldwater.org/data.html
http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/enviro
nm/water/index.html
A great documentary!
I encourage anyone interested in water issues to
watch this enlightening documentary on water
issues:
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/flow-for-love-ofwater/