Transcript Public Interaction

Public Interaction
Computer Systems in Desiging
Public Interaction
Computer Systems in designing
Computer Systems in designing
• CAD – Computer Aided Drafting and
Designing
• including Rapid Prototyping – SLA, SLS or 3D
printing
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CAM – Computer Aided Maufacturing
CNC – Computer Numerically Controlled
CIM – Computer Integrated Manufacturing
SPC – Statistical Process Control
Concurrent Engineering
Computer Systems in designing
EXCEL, DATA capture,
Measurements, logging,
weighing, speed,
EMAIL, NETWORKS,
LAN, WAN
EXCEL, planning
software, EMAIL, TEXT
EXCEL,
DATA capture,
Measurements,
Word Processing,
EMAIL
Word processing,
Internet research,
EMAIL,
text
Word processing,
Internet research,
EMAIL, text
Word processing,
Internet research,
EMAIL,
text, excel,
Models generated on
PC
2D, Prodesktop, AutoCad Inventor,
Corel draw, EMAIL, Printers, SLS,
Rapid prototypes, 3D printing
CADD
Producing IDEAS
CADD or
Computer Aided Drafting and Designing
2D
3D
2D drawing packages
such as 2D design,
Coreldraw
Emailed
3D drawing packages such
As ProDesktop,
AutoCAD Inventor
Rapid Prototyping
Stereo Lithography (SL)
Selective Laser Sintering
(3D printing)
Emailed
SLS selective laser sintering
Selective laser sintering is an additive rapid manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser (for
example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal, or ceramic powders into a mass
representing a desired 3-dimensional object. The laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning
cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital description of the part (for example from a CAD file or scan
data) on the surface of a powder bed. After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by
one layer thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is
completed
Stereo lithography
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Stereo lithography is a common
rapid manufacturing and rapid
prototyping technology for
producing parts with high
accuracy and good surface finish.
A device that performs stereo
lithography is called an SLA or
Stereo lithography Apparatus.
Stereo lithography is an additive
fabrication process utilizing a vat
of liquid UV-curable photopolymer
"resin" and a UV laser to build
parts a layer at a time. On each
layer, the laser beam traces a part
cross-section pattern on the
surface of the liquid resin.
Exposure to the UV laser light
cures, or, solidifies the pattern
traced on the resin and adheres it
to the layer below
CAD to RP
• To get the idea prototyped requires one
other piece of software:
• Autocad  slice  SLA
• The slice software takes the design and
cuts it in to thin layers so that each layer
can be processed in turn by the SLA or LS
process.
CAM
Computer Aided Manufacturing
CNC (industry based)
Lathe
Milling
Laser Cutter (school)
Routers (school)
Mercury 40W
Techsoft Ts-30
CNC
• The abbreviation CNC stands for computer
numerical control, and refers specifically to a
computer "controller" that reads G-code
instructions and drives a machine tool, a
powered mechanical device typically used to
fabricate components by the selective removal
of material.
• CNC does numerically directed interpolation of a
cutting tool in the work envelope of a machine.
The operating parameters of the CNC can be
altered via a software load program.
CNC turning centre
CNC Milling Machine
CIM
• Computer-integrated manufacturing
(CIM) is a method of manufacturing in
which the entire production process is
controlled by computer. Typically, it relies
on closed-loop control processes, based
on real-time input from sensors. It is also
known as flexible design and
manufacturing.
CIM
CIM
• A CIM system is not the same as a "lights
out" factory, which would run completely
independent of human intervention,
although it is a big step in that direction.
Part of the system involves flexible
manufacturing, where the factory can be
quickly modified to produce different
products, or where the volume of products
can be changed quickly with the aid of
computers.
CIM
Some or all of the following subsystems may be found in a CIM
operation:
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CAD/CAM (Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing)
CAPP, (Computer-aided process planning)
ERP (Enterprise resource planning)
CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools
DNC, direct numerical control machine tools
FMS, flexible machining systems
ASRS, automated storage and retrieval systems
AGV, automated guided vehicles
Robotics
Automated conveyance systems
Computerized scheduling and production control
CAQ (Computer-aided quality assurance)
A business system integrated by a common database.
Lean Manufacturing
SPC
• Statistical Process Control (SPC) is an
effective method of monitoring a process
through the use of control charts. Control
charts enable the use of objective criteria
for distinguishing background variation
from events of significance based on
statistical techniques. Much of its power
lies in the ability to monitor both process
centre and its variation about that centre,
also known as a setpoint.
SPC
• By collecting data from samples at various points within
the process, variations in the process that may affect the
quality of the end product or service can be detected and
corrected, thus reducing waste as well as the likelihood
that problems will be passed on to the customer.
• With its emphasis on early detection and prevention of
problems, SPC has a distinct advantage over quality
methods, such as inspection, that apply resources to
detecting and correcting problems in the end product or
service.
SPC – PID curves
Overshoot
Acceptable
response
Undershoot
This could be graph of temperature of a
furnace, for example. The Blue is the
desired response and the green is the
actual. However if the control system is
not setup correctly you can get overshoot
or undershoot
Concurrent Engineering
• A system of design that organises tasks in
parallel. Any changes made to one CAD
file will be accessible by all.
• AND
• If the changes affect any other files they
will automatically update as well.
• For example, consider designers of a CAR
working in various countries of the world
on various different tasks.
Concurrent engineering
Designers of
Engine
Designers of
Body
Designers of
Electrics
Networked
Master
Copy of all
CAD files
Generated
Manufacturing
Concurrent engineering
Designers of
Engine
Designers of
Body
Designers of
Electrics
change
Networked
Master
Copy of all
CAD files
Generated
Manufacturing
Concurrent engineering
Designers of
Engine
Designers of
Body
change
Networked
Master
Copy of all
CAD files
Generated
Changes
Designers of
Electrics
Manufacturing
Concurrent engineering
Designers of
Engine
change
Designers of
Body
Changes
Networked
Master
Copy of all
CAD files
Generated
Changes
Designers of
Electrics
Changes
Manufacturing
Ethical Issues of Using CAD
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
Ethical Issues of Using CAM
• Advantages
• Disadvantages