Transcript Slide 1

The Dropout Problem In
Pennsylvania:
Why Communities In Schools Should
be part of the State’s Answer
April 20, 2005
Morton D. Stanfield, State Director
How Big is the Problem in the US
• NCES, Class of 2001 (Kaufman, Alt, & Chapman, 2004)
– Event (one year) Dropout Rate = 5.0%
– Status Completion Rate (All Races) = 86.5%
• More Conservative Estimates of the 4-Year Graduation
Rate:
– 74.4% (2000-01) National Board on Educational Testing and Public
Policy (Haney et al.,2004)
– 71% CPI Grad Rate (2002) Manhattan Institute (Greene & Winters, 2005)
– 68% CPI Grad Rate (2001) Harvard Civil Rights Project & Urban
Institute(Swanson, 2004; Orfield, et al, 2004)
• Bottom Line: 25% - 30% of America’s teenagers fail to
earn a regular high school diploma, and the dropout
problem has not diminished over the past 20 years. (Sum
& Harrington, 2003).
PA Graduation Rates by Race or Ethnicity
Student Ethnicity
PA Dept of
Education
(2002 Data)
Manhattan
Institute
(2001 Data)
Harvard Civil
Rights Project
(2002 Data)
All Races
86.4%
78%
75.5%
White, NonHispanic
90.1%
83%
78.7%
Asian/Pacific
Islander
88.7%
85%
63.5%
Amer. Indian/ AK
Native
80.3%
N/A
24.9%*
Black, nonHispanic
68.9%
58%
45.9%
Hispanic
62.0%
49%
40.9%
*HCRP Researchers urge caution regarding this figure due to limited available data. enrollees.
Social Costs: Dropouts and Crime
• Dropouts are more likely to get arrested:
– HS Dropouts are 3.5 times more likely than HS graduates to be
arrested in their lifetimes (Catterall, 1987)
• Dropouts are more likely to be convicted of drugrelated offenses:
– Nearly 50% of drug offenders do not have a HS diploma or GED
(Harlow, 2003)
• Dropouts are over-represented in Prison: Of U.S.
Inmates Harlow (2003):
–
–
–
–
75% of state prison inmates are HS dropouts
59% of federal prison inmates are HS dropouts.
68% of all prisoners never received a HS diploma
83% of inmates 24 or younger never earned a HS diploma
• PA State Prison costs $31,900 per year per inmate in
2001, with 37,105 prisoners (Stephan, 2004)
Social Costs: Education & Welfare
• Estimated tax revenue loss from male dropouts
aged 25 and 34 = about $944 billion AND,
additional costs due to public welfare and crime
come to about $24 billion (Riggs, Carruthers, & Thorstensen, 2002)
• Welfare costs per person drop as educational
attainment increases, with the largest savings
in welfare costs occurring as attainment
increases from dropout to high school graduate
(Vernez, Krop, & Rydell, 1999, p. 22)
Social Costs: Education & Health
• Dropouts have Worse Health:
– The death rate (all causes) for adults with less
than 12 years of education was more than 2.5
times higher than the rate for those with at
least 13 years of education (NCHS, 2004)
• Low-Performing Teens are more likely
to become mothers:
– Teen girls performing at the lowest levels in
basic reading and math are 5 times more
likely to give birth over a 2-year high school
period than high performing teen girls (SIECUS,
2002)
Education and Work:
Personal Income
• $9,425 less per year = estimated
difference in annual earnings between HS
Diploma and No Diploma (Donald, 2001)
– Greene (2002) suggested the difference in
median annual income between HS diploma
earners and dropouts was closer to $14,000
• Over $300,000 = Lifetime earning gains
for completing a high school diploma vs.
dropping out (Employment Policy Foundation 2004)
Education and the Labor Force
• US businesses spend more than $60 billion
annually on training, much of that on remedial
reading, writing, and math (National Association of Manufacturers,
2001)
• Pennsylvania Employers can expect to spend
$500,000,000 to $766,000,000
to correct the shortcomings of workers who
leave PA high schools without basic skills (Hauk,
McGraw, & Montarti, 2004)
Last Four Years of Dropouts:
Cost to PA in Millions of Dollars
350
300
250
200
Lost Taxes
Social Program Costs
150
100
50
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
9
What are the benefits of the Communities
In Schools National network?
• CIS has worked for over 27 years to earn its place as the
nation’s leading community-based organization helping kids
succeed in school and prepare for life.
• 985K children directly, with access to 2M children
• Almost 3000 public schools through nearly 200 local
programs and 14 state offices
• 54K volunteers, who donated over 2.5M hours of service
• CIS is efficient, effective, and inexpensive
• Nationally, CIS costs about $176 per year for each student
served
Effective State Offices help insure the financial
and political health of Local CIS Programs
"Survival rate"
(Percent of '93 locals still in operation in '02)
80%
Programs covered by an effective SO
69%
were twice as likely to remain operational
over the 1993-2002 period than programs
60
in states with no SO
39%
40
35%
20
0
"Big 5"
(FL, GA, NC,
SC, TX)
State office
at some point
Note: Analysis tracks only those local offices operating in 1993
No state office
Source: EOY Reports (1993; 2002)
BOD final Jan o05
CIS of PA serves Students
• 5 local programs:
–
–
–
–
–
CIS of Laurel Highlands, Inc.
CIS of Philadelphia, Inc.
CIS of Pittsburgh & Allegheny County, Inc.
CIS of Southwest Pennsylvania, Inc.
CIS of the Lehigh Valley, Inc.
• 94 school sites.
• 13,697 students are directly connected with
services through CIS.
• 85,852 students are enrolled in partnering schools
and have access to services.
CIS of PA Student Outcomes
CIS Student Progress
99%
100%
77%
80%
67%
69%
78%
67%
60%
40%
20%
0%
R emai ned I n
Sc hool
A t t endanc e
D i s c i pl i ne
A c ademi c
A c hi ev ement
P r omot i on
H i gh Sc hool
Gr aduat i on