Transcript VARIATIONS - ACM DL99

VARIATIONS
A Digital Music Library System at
Indiana University
Jon W. Dunn
Constance A. Mayer
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
VARIATIONS: Introduction
• Digital library of music sound recordings
• Developed in conjunction with design of a
new physical music library facility; access
currently limited to that facility
• Used daily by large student population
– New way of providing access to a basic music
library function (listening reserves)
• Online since 1996
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Outline of talk
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Background
Access scenarios
Technical implementation
User experiences
Conclusions, future work
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Context
• Other audio-based music library efforts
– JUKEBOX (EC), PATRON (Surrey, UK)
– E-Reserves: Berkeley, Wisconsin, Columbia,
UCSD, Virginia, ...
• Other music library projects
– Sheet music: Johns Hopkins, Duke, LC, Berkeley,
UNC-CH
– Encoding: CCARH - Stanford
– Notation search/analysis: NZDL, HUMDRUM, ...
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Context
• Indiana University School of Music
– Largest in US: 1600 students, 140 faculty
– strong academic and performance programs
• Cook Music Library
– Collection in top 5 in US
• 320,000 cataloged print items
• 130,000 cataloged sound recordings
– Very high usage, circulation
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Background
• Burroughs and Fenske, 1990
• VARIATIONS Name
– Theme and Variations
– Variety of information formats for music
• Networked access for the music student or
scholar to sound recordings, scores, textual
materials, video recordings
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Focus on audio
• High demand portion of collection
– Circulation of over 5500/month from closed
stacks
• Fragile formats
• Lack of previous work; uniqueness
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Focus on audio reserves
• Half of sound recording use from reserves
• Problems with existing practices
– Cassette tape dubs, analog distribution systems
• Concentrated use of a few items at any
given time
• Pilot online in April 1996, more in Fall
– Currently: 5500 titles, 6600 hours of audio
– Opera, songs, instrumental music, jazz, rock,
world music
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Access scenarios
• Course reserve
• Catalog
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VARIATIONS Player
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Why use existing catalog?
• Physical items already MARC-cataloged in
NOTIS online catalog system
• Users familiar with search strategies
• Search method independent of whether item
is available physically or electronically
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Disadvantages of using catalog
• Varying levels of detail in individual
records; arrangement of information
sometimes confusing
• Search strategies often confusing to the
novice
• Lack of functionality in Web/Z39.50
interface in NOTIS
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Technical implementation
• Strategies
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Integrate rather than develop
Use off-the-shelf hardware and software
Sustainability
Single technology vendor for emerging
technologies (IBM)
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Audio capture
• Performed in-house
• Variety of source formats
– LP, reel-to-reel, cassette, DAT, CD
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Hardware: PC, sound card, CD-ROM drive
Software: Sound Forge, Disc-to-Disk
Format: WAV, 44.1 kHz 16-bit stereo
Track timings and names recorded by
technician
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Processing
• CD-quality WAV files compressed to
MPEG-1 layer 2 (near CD-quality)
– 1.4 Mbps  384 kbps
• Track timing information stored in
“metadata file”
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Information architecture
MARC bib. record
AAT9025
Metadata file
AAT9025
Sound file
AAT9025A
Sound file
AAT9025B
Sound file
AAT9025C
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Metadata
• Descriptive
– MARC record (composer, title, performer,
subject headings, …)
• Structural
– Metadata file (track names and timings)
• Administrative
– Metadata file (date digitized, file format,
equipment used, copyright notice, …)
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MARC Record
BM FMT M RT j BL m T/C
DT 01/28/91 R/DT 10/08/98 STAT nm E/L
DCF a D/S D
SRC d PLACE nyu LANG
MOD
T/AUD
REPRO
D/CODE p DT/1 1987 DT/2 1986
F/COMP mu SCORE n A/MAT ehi
L/TEXT
007 GMD s SMD d O/R ? SP f SND s GRV n DIM g WID n
TAPE n TYPE m MAT l CUT n R/CH e C/ST d
024/1:1 : |a 7559791442
028/1:03: |a 79144-2 |b Elektra Nonesuch
028/2:00: |a 9 79144-2 |b Elektra Nonesuch
033/1:0 : |a 198611-- |b 4364 |c S5
035/1: : |a (OCoLC)ocm19236651
040: : |a YUU |c YUU |d CPL |d OCL |d IUL
045:1 : |b d1985 |b d1973 |b d19800103
047: : |a df |a hy
048/1: : |a oa
099/1: : |a CD |a .A214 |a Ge
100:10: |a Adams, John, |d 1947240:10: |a Orchestra music. |k Selections
245:14: |a The Chairman dances : |b foxtrot for orchestra ; Christian zeal and
activity ; Two fanfares for orchestra ; Common tones in simple time |h <sound
recording> / |c John Adams.
260:0 : |a New York, N.Y. : |b Elektra Nonesuch, |c p1987.
300/1: : |a 1 sound disc : |b digital ; |c 4 3/4 in.
306: : |a 001227 |a 001000 |a 000411 |a 000413 |a 002037
500/1: : |a Elektra Nonesuch: 79144-2 (on container: 9 79144-2).
500/2: : |a The 2nd work based ACM
on the
hymn
Onward
soldiers.
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MARC Record
511/3:0 : |a San Francisco Symphony ; Edo de Waart, conductor.
518/4: : |a Recorded Nov. 1986, at Davies Symphony Hall, San Francisco.
500/5: : |a Compact disc.
500/6: : |a Durations: 12:27; 10:00; 4:11; 4:13; 20:37.
500/7: : |a Program notes by Michael Steinberg (<8> p.) inserted in container.
505/8:2 : |a Two fanfares for orchestra. Tromba lontana ; Short ride in a fast
machine.
650/1: 0: |a Orchestral music.
600/2:10: |a Mao, Tse-tung, |d 1893-1976 |x Songs and music.
650/3: 0: |a Fox trots.
650/4: 0: |a Hymns |x Instrumental settings.
650/5: 0: |a Fanfares.
650/6: 0: |a Dance orchestra music.
700/1:10: |a Waart, Edo de. |4 cnd
700/2:12: |a Adams, John, |d 1947- |t Chairman dances.
700/3:12: |a Adams, John, |d 1947- |t American standard. |p Christian zeal and
activity.
700/4:12: |a Adams, John, |d 1947- |t Tromba lontana.
700/5:12: |a Adams, John, |d 1947- |t Short ride in a fast machine.
710/7:20: |a San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. |4 prf
740/8:01: |a Christian zeal and activity.
740/9:01: |a Common tones in simple time.
740/10:01: |a Tromba lontana.
740/11:01: |a Short ride in a fast machine.
856/1:7 : |u http://www.music.indiana.edu/cgi-bin/var/access?ABE7278 |2 http
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Metadata file
# ABE7278A CWB 1-12-95
Author=Adams, John, 1947Title=<Orchestra music. Selections>
Equipment=D2D
MediaType=Audio
[Track 1]
TrackTitle=Adams, The Chairman Dances (Foxtrot for Orchestra)
Offset=0
[Track 2]
TrackTitle=Adams, Christian Zeal and Activity
Offset=750774
[Track 3]
WorkTitle=Adams, Two Fanfares for Orchestra
TrackTitle=Tromba lontana
Offset=1362601
[Track 4]
TrackTitle=Short Ride in a Fast Machine
Offset=1619040
...
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Content storage
• Two levels:
– Archive server
• IBM RS/6000 server, 3494 automated tape library,
two 3590 drives (5 TB capacity)
• IBM ADSM storage management software
– Playback server
• IBM RS/6000 server, 130GB disk
• Multimedia Server for AIX (initially): NFS
• IBM VideoCharger (now): RTP/RTSP streaming
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Content access
Playback server
VideoCharger
Web server
Client
Player
Browser
Content access
Playback server
VideoCharger
VRS
Web server
Client
Player
Browser
Archive server
(ADSM)
Performance
• May 1, 1998 - May 1, 1999:
– Playback server cache hit rate: 83%
– Mean time for retrieval of file from archive:
3 minutes
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Client
• Hardware
– Pentium PC, sound card (ideally a good one!)
– ATM or Switched Ethernet
• Software
– Standard web browser
– MPEG decoder (e.g. MS DirectShow)
– VARIATIONS Player helper application
• Visual C++, VideoCharger or QuickTime 4 API for
streaming access
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User reaction
• Usage statistics
• Feedback via web form, informal comments
by students and faculty and observations by
library staff
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Usage statistics
Reserve Sound Recording
Circulation
General Collection Sound
Recording Circulation
VARIATIONS Player
Launches
July-Dec. 1995
16000
16875
0
Jan.-June 1996
18782
12345
6028
July-Dec. 1996
Jan.-June 1997
7289
9024
14882
13663
53719
55905
July-Dec. 1997
4241
15087
80144
Jan.-June 1998
4722
13395
81941
July-Dec. 1998
4797
13235
89690
Jan.-June 1999
3843
11232
101696
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Usage statistics
120000
Reserve Sound
Recording Circulation
100000
80000
General Collection
Sound Recording
Circulation
60000
VARIATIONS Player
Launches
40000
20000
0
JulyDec.
1995
Jan.June
1996
JulyDec.
1996
Jan.June
1997
JulyDec.
1997
Jan.June
1998
JulyDec.
1998
Jan.June
1999
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Usage statistics
• Average use per day: ~400 player launches,
over 6000/day during exams
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Feedback
• Most common: problem reports on specific
files or computers
• Desire for expanded access
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Future work
• Expand data formats:
– Liner note images, score images, score notation
files, MIDI files, video
– Score image pilot currently in progress
• Integration of content-based search tools
• Standards for music metadata
• Access to content by applications
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
Future work
• Expand access
– Other locations on campus
• faculty offices, computer labs, dorm rooms, etc.
– Off-campus
– Other institutions - Internet2
• Resource sharing, distributed collections, ILL
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Future work
• Intellectual property
– Fair use and other copyright exceptions
– Licensing
– Complexity of music copyright
• Multiple rights holders and collectives
– Technical facilities for complying with
exceptions or license terms
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999
More information
• VARIATIONS home page
– http://www.music.indiana.edu/variations/
• E-mail:
– Jon Dunn: [email protected]
– Connie Mayer: [email protected]
ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999