DEF Fact or Fiction?

Proponents of Massive EGR have spent a small fortune to convince the market that its In cylinder system is superior to SCR. This information will provide the “whole story” in factual terms related to Diesel Exhaust Fluid use in 2010.

Daimler Trucks 1

DEF Fact or Fiction?

DEF is corrosive, hazardous, and unsafe to handle

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

• Hazards Identification “Urea Solution is not Flammable” •First Aid Measures “Wash area thoroughly with soap and water” •Fire Fighting Measures “Urea solution is not flammable” •Transportation Information “Urea solution is not listed by any US or Canadian transportation authority as a hazardous material…” Daimler Trucks 2

Urea becomes toxic at 118°F

“Urea does not become toxic at any temperature” “…at 122°F, DEF will still meet ISO specifications of less than 0.2% ammonia for at least 35 days. At that rate with would take more than 2 years to reach the ammonia level of household ammonia which is still not classified as toxic”

James Spooner VP & GM Colonial Chemical Company

DEF Fact or Fiction?

Daimler Trucks 3

DEF Fact vs. Fiction

DEF is useless in the cold because it freezes at 12°F

EPA Requires DEF flow within 70 minutes – Detroit Diesel testing has proven DEF flow within EPA requirements Engine coolant is used to thaw DEF in tank. System will function until DEF begins to flow DEF will start to freeze at 12°F

Daimler Trucks 4

At 86°F DEF will only last 1 month

DEF Fact vs. Fiction

At 86°F DEF has a shelf life of 1 YEAR!

50 45 40 15 10 5 0 35 30 25 20 Source: Terra Industries 44 Months 74°F avg. July temp Los Angeles

DEF Shelf Life at Constant Temperature (average temperature during month of July)

41 Months 75°F avg. July temp Chicago 36 months 77°F avg. July temp Atlanta 95°F avg. July temp 7 months Phoenix Daimler Trucks 5

DEF Fact vs. Fiction

DEF will cost between $17 and $34 per gallon

DEF pricing is dependant on packaging size

Worst Case:

Pass Car Dealership Gallon

$15.50 per Gallon Most Frequent Scenario:

Fleet Terminal 275 Gallon IBC

$2.61 per Gallon

$7.75*2 = $15.50/gallon $719.60/275 = $2.61/gallon Daimler Trucks 6

2010 Fact vs. Fiction

If I run out of DEF my truck will not start

The DEF gauge indicates the level of DEF in the tank and has a series of alerts when the tank is running low UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

NATIONAL VEHICLE AND FUEL EMISSIONS LABORATORY

SUBJECT: Certification Requirements for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines Using Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) Technologies

When the DEF tank is empty “…the vehicle will be limited to 5 mph with inducement notification” Daimler Trucks 7

2010 Fact vs. Fiction

EPA2010 and EuroV (2008) are the equivalent emissions levels

Even in 2013 Europe will not be required to meet the same level of NOx emissions as North America in 2010 North America Europe EPA ‘94 EPA ‘98 5.0

4.0

Euro2 1996 Euro3 2004 Euro4 2005 5.2

3.7

EPA ‘02 EPA ‘07 2.5

1.2

Euro5 2009 2.6

1.5

EPA 2010 0.10

PM [g/hp-hr]

NOx: 0.2 g/hp-hr

0.01

PM: 0.01 g/hp-hr

0.2

0.10

Euro6 2013 0.01

PM [g/hp-hr]

NOx: 0.3 g/hp-hr

0.3

PM: 0.01 g/hp-hr Daimler Trucks 8

2010 Fact vs. Fiction

Even Europe is moving away from SCR technology

“Euro 6 (2013) limits are almost certainly going to require EGR and SCR to share the burden of NOx control…” -

Roadtransport.com

“It is generally accepted that a Euro 6 (2013) engine will combine both SCR and EGR technology

.” - Automotive World

Daimler Trucks 9

2010 Fact vs. Fiction

SCR places burden of compliance on Customer

• SCR is a long term solution that increases Fuel Economy by up to 5% over EPA’07 engines, removing the burden from the customers’ pocket book • Customers can fill their DEF tank while they pump diesel

Fill DEF Here

Daimler Trucks 10

2010 Fact vs. Fiction

Packaging of SCR system will be complicated

BlueTec 1-Box Installation

Daimler Trucks 11

2010 Fact vs. Fiction

SCR is not a long term solution

• SCR reduces fuel consumption which is directly tied to CO 2 emissions

EGR 2010

Daimler Trucks 12

2010 Fact vs. Fiction

EGR is a proven solution to meet EPA2010

• Massive EGR requires the following: • • • New Air Management System New Fuel Injection System New Vehicle Cooling System

EGR 2007 EGR 2010

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