Transcript Diapositive 1

LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE
CZECH REPUBLIC
Irène BOUHADANA
Senior Lecturer,
University of Paris 1,
Panthéon-Sorbonne
William GILLES
Senior Lecturer,
University of Paris 1,
Panthéon-Sorbonne
Jaroslava KYPETOVA
Senior Lecturer,
CEVRO Institut,
Prague
Historical context of the Czech Republic:
• subject to the Soviet influence from 1945 to 1989
• emerged in 1993 from the dissolution of
Czechoslovakia
• member state of the European Union since 1st
May:
•Lisbon treaty has been ratified by the Czech
president on 3rd November 2009;
•Launching of the Euro probably won’t
happen before 2012
The process of decentralisation in the
Czech Republic
- has begun in 1990 … and continued after the
dissolution of Czechoslovakia
- In this perspective, local self-government is
provided for in the Constitution (16th December
1992):
- local authorities can have their own patrimony
- … and are financially autonomous
A) Local governmental structure in the
Czech Republic
The local structure of the Czech Republic is
based on two types of governmental bodies and
one specific status for the capital:
- 6258 OBEC (communities)
- 13 KRAJE (regions)
- 1 COMMUNITY-REGION: the capital Prague is
both a community and a region
1) The Obeck (communities)
Significant splitting up:
- 6258 OBECK
- More than 96% of the communities have
less than 5.000 inhabitants
-… have the possibility to gather themselves
and form inter-community associations
1) Les Obeck (communities)
Scheme of the administrative structure
Mayor
Deliberative
body:
The municipal
Council
4 years
Direct universal
suffrage
5 to 55 members
Executive body
(accountable to
the municipal
Council):
The municipal
committee
5 to 11 members
(mayor and
deputies)
2) The Kraje (regions)
“Regions” replace “districts” since 2003
Deliberative body:
Regional assembly
run by a governor
4 years
direct universal
suffrage
Executive bodies:
Regional Council
(executive body:
president, vicepresident and
members elected by
the regional
assembly)
+
Regional committee
(elected by the
regional assembly)
3) The specific status of Prague
Prague, the capital of the country (10% of the Czech
population), has both:
- the status of a community
- and the status of a region.
B) The local governments’
competences
Both communities and regions benefit from two
types of competences:
- “Proper” competences which correspond to actual
decentralised competences
- “Delegated” competences from the central
government; by a specific law that is being practiced
in the scope of decentralisation
C) Financial means of local
governmental bodies: fiscal revenues
Distinction between:
- proper fiscal revenues
- shared fiscal revenues: since 2008, repartition is made
according to the following three criteria:
- balanced number of inhabitants (94%)
- number of inhabitants (3%)
- territorial surface (3%)
C) Financial means: non-fiscal
revenues
The local Czech authorities also receive grants and
subsidies from the central government.
Last but not least, they also benefit from different
resources like the subsidies from the European Union.
Financial means of local governments
in million
millions CZK
Expected resources in 2009
Expected revenues for 2010
Difference 2010-09
Index 2010/2009
Regions, including
Prague
Communities
Total
Regions,
including
Prague
Communities
Total
Regions
Communitie
s
Regions
Communitie
s
Value added tax
22,6
54,1
76,7
24,2
58,0
82,2
1,6
3,9
107,1%
107,2%
Corporate tax
12,2
34,3
46,5
13,2
36,6
49,8
1,0
2,3
108,2%
106,7%
Corporate tax
11,8
28,4
40,2
12,8
30,8
43,6
1,0
2,4
108,5%
108,5%
Corporate tax – paid by communities and regions
0,4
5,9
6,3
0,4
5,8
6,2
-0,1
100,0%
98,3%
10,6
29,1
39,7
11,3
34,6
45,9
0,7
5,5
106,6%
118,9%
Wage tax
0,8
2,0
2,8
0,9
2,1
3,0
0,1
0,1
112,5%
105,0%
Business tax
0,4
3,0
3,4
1,0
8,4
9,4
0,6
5,4
250,0%
280,0%
Payroll tax
9,4
24,1
33,5
9,4
24,1
33,5
100,0%
100,0%
Land tax
6,4
6,4
9,6
9,6
3,2
150,0%
Local and administration tax
7,7
7,7
7,8
7,8
0,1
101,3%
Taxation of Individuals
Ecological fees
Total fiscal revenues
45,4
6,2
6,2
137,8
183,2
48,7
6,2
6,2
152,8
201,5
100,0%
3,3
15,0
107,3%
110,9%
Financial means of local governments
In million
millions
CZK
Expected revenues in 2009
Voluntary
Communitie
corporations
s, including
Regions
within the
Prague
communities
Fiscal revenues
139,2
Non-fiscal revenues
26,9
Investment resources
NUTS
councils
Expected revenues for 2010
Communiti
NonConsolidate
es,
consolidated
d total
including
total
Prague
44,0
183,2
183,2
154,3
0,6
3,7
31,2
30,6
28,3
14,2
0,1
0,5
14,8
14,8
Proper resources
180,3
0,7
48,2
229,2
Operating grants
58,9
0,9
80,6
0,8
Investment grants
12,6
1,2
6,5
Total grants
71,5
2,1
Total resources
251,8
Operating expenditure
Voluntary
corporations
Regions
within the
communities
NUTS
councils
2010/2009
NonConsolidate
consolidated
d total
total
Total
47,2
201,5
201,5
110,0%
0,6
4,0
32,9
32,2
105,2%
14,1
0,1
0,5
14,7
14,7
99,3%
228,6
196,7
0,7
51,7
249,1
248,4
108,7%
141,2
137,2
59,4
0,9
75,9
0,2
136,4
132,4
96,5%
6,8
27,1
20,0
8,7
0,8
2,3
3,1
14,9
9,5
47,5%
87,1
7,6
168,3
157,2
68,1
1,7
78,2
3,3
151,3
141,9
90,3%
2,8
135,3
7,6
397,5
385,8
264,8
2,4
129,9
3,3
400,4
390,3
101,2%
188,0
0,8
117,3
0,8
306,9
302,3
189,4
0,9
112,3
0,2
302,8
298,1
98,6%
Investment expenditure
78,5
2,2
24,4
6,8
111,9
104,8
78,6
1,8
19,7
3,1
103,2
97,8
93,3%
Total expenditure
266,5
3,0
141,7
7,6
418,8
407,1
268,0
2,7
132,0
3,3
406,0
395,9
97,2%
Balance
-14,7
-0,2
-6,4
-21,3
-21,3
-3,2
-0,3
-2,1
-5,6
-5,6
x
D) Local participative democracy
The participative democracy in the Czech Republic is based
above all on the right to information on the activities of the
local governments.
For this purpose, article 17 of the Czech constitution says:
“Freedom of expression and the right to information are guaranteed.
[...] Organs of the State and of local self-government shall provide in
an appropriate manner information on their activities.”
D) Local participative democracy
Secondly, the participative democracy is based on the right
for citizens to exercise popular initiatives.
Thus, citizens can be behind a local referendum.
Likewise, in accordance with article 18 of the Czech
constitution, citizens have the right of petition : “The right of
petition is guaranteed; everybody has the right to address himself or
herself, or jointly with other individuals, organs of the State or of
local self-government with requests, proposals and complaints in
matters of public or other common interest.”