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Human & Environmental Risk Assessment
Environmental Risk Assessment under HERA:
Challenges and Solutions
Kay Fox
Chair of the HERA Environmental Task Force
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
Environment Task Force
C. Poelloth, C. Arregui, J. Backmann - AISE
I. Lopez
Petresa
G. Boeije
P&G
H. Certa
SASOL
R. Elsmore
McBride
K. Fox
Unilever
P. Masscheleyn
P&G
P. Richner
CIBA
W. Schul
BASF
J. Steber
Henkel
C. Stevens
Dow Corning
R. van Egmond
Unilever
R. van Wijk
Akzo Nobel
T. Wind
Henkel
A. Aarts
Solutia
A. Berends
Solvay
D. Calcinai Condea Augusta
E. Cerbelaud
Rhodia
V. Koch
Clariant
R. Toy
Shell Chemicals
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Intended for application
in EUROPE
HERA Environmental Risk Assessment
based on Technical Guidance Document
for New and Existing substances
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EUSES
Focus on chemical substances used primarily in
Household detergent and cleaning products
Domestic Emission
On-Site
Treatment
Sewer Transport
Sewage Treatment
Primary Focus on
the use and disposal
of these substances
River
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Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES
TGD
• Begin with EUSES
– Environment
• Local
• Regional
– Predators exposed via the environment
– Man exposed via the environment
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Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES
• Wide dispersive use, Detergents (5, 9)
Production
of
Ingredient
Human
Health
Environment
- Local
Environment
– Regional
Formulation
Of
Product
USE
And
Disposal
HERA
Effectively in HERA
HERA
HERA
• 100% of chemical to sewer
(Local Use model)
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
Recovery
Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES
Contributions to Regional Environment from Local
sources
TGD Default
Production
0.3%
Formulation
0.8%
max
Use
99%
0.3%(1.003)
0.8%
max
99%
HERA
0
0
0
0
100%
100%
Bottom line - 100%, within volume determination error
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Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES
• To cover a “reasonable worst case”, TGD and
EUSES assume that
– the local wastewater treatment plant receives 4
times the average ingredient input
– the Standard EU region receives 10% of the total
European product consumption
• HERA replaces these default assumptions with
HERA default values based on measured product
consumption and environmental monitoring data the HERA Detergent Scenario.
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES
• Tiered Methodology
– Begin with the HERA Detergent scenario
– Accept all other EUSES Defaults
– Replace selected defaults if necessary
• Removal values in STP
• Measured Kd values
• Biodegradation rates in rivers, soil, etc.
 Often need Chronic ecotoxicity data
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
Regional Environmental Concentration
Standard EU Region
20 million people
200 km
Production
10% of EU Production
Formulation
Use
200 km
Release is based on Production Volume
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
STD. EU
Region
Local treatment plants
Input to local treatment
plant is based on the
regional production
volume.
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Detergent Release scenario
HERA Region
Release is based on
population density
Production
200 km
Formulation
200 km
Use
~100% of release
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Kg/person/year
Region
Entire EU
Switzerland
Belgium
Paris, Picardie, U. Normandie
The Netherlands
Population Area, km2 # EU Regions Pop. Density
370000000
3560000
89
104
7325000
39550
0.99
185
10213000
32820
0.82
311
14500000
43000
1.08
337
15739000
33920
0.85
464
EUSES Standard Region
20000000
40000
1.00
500
London and SE +E
Northrhine-Westphalia
20452000
17800000
39794
34071
0.99
0.85
514
522
The standard EU region has 10% of the EU
detergent consumption - for 5.4% of the EU
population.
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kg/person/year
Detergent consumption per person in eighteen
European countries
1998 per capita detergent consumption
by country
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
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# EU
Region
Regions
Entire EU
89
Switzerland
0.99
Madrid + All Castilla Leon population
1.00
Catelonia (Barcelona)
0.80
Piedmonte + Liguria
0.77
Berlin + Brandenburg
0.76
Bremen+ Hamburg + Niedersachsen
1.22
Baden Wurtemberg
0.89
Belgium
0.82
Lombardy + Veneto
1.06
Paris, Picardie, U. Normandie
1.08
Campagnia + Lazio
0.77
Yorkshire +Humber +NW+W Midlands
1.06
The Netherlands
0.85
EUSES Standard Region
1.00
London and SE +E
0.99
Northrhine-Westphalia
0.85
Country
Detergent
Pop.
usage,
Density kg/person/y
104
10.06
185
8.64
188
12.40
190
12.40
192
12.61
198
8.10
209
8.10
290
8.10
311
10.60
320
12.61
337
11.67
358
12.61
405
10.02
464
7.44
500
514
10.02
527
8.10
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Regional
% of EU
release
USAGE
Relative
in a region
to EU Avg.
1
0.011
1.53
0.017
2.23
0.025
2.25
0.025
2.32
0.026
1.53
0.017
1.62
0.018
2.25
0.025
3.15
0.035
3.85
0.043
3.76
0.042
4.31
0.048
3.88
0.043
3.30
0.037
0.100
4.93
0.055
4.08
0.046
• The maximum regional release for
detergent ingredients is found in the UK
region containing London
• This is 5.5% of total usage, rather than
10%, as in the TGD
• Thus the HERA Detergent release scenario
should have 5.5% of the total volume
released to the region.
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
In EUSES,
STD. EU
Region
Local treatment plants
Input to local treatment
plant is based on the
regional use volume.
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Regional detergent Scenario
• HERA must give the correct local loading for
sewage treatment plants in countries with highest
detergent use.
• Italy and Spain have 1.25 times the average
EU detergent consumption, per person.
1998 per capita detergent consumption
by country
14
kg/person/year
12
10
8
6
4
2
ly
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Fi
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Sw nd
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N en
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• HERA ensures correct representation of the
LOCAL treatment plant, which EUSES derives
from the regional consumption, by raising the
overall regional background to
.055 X 1.25 = 0.07 times the European use volume
HERA uses 7%, HERA
notat10%,
for regional input
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EUSES
• Product use and substance use data are
expected to be similar, for most widely
used detergent ingredients.
• Each HERA Substance team will consider
any areas of high regional usage for their
substance, and will modify the HERA
regional default if appropriate.
Fragrance F
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Release from LOCAL Sewage
Treatment facility
STD. EU
Region
Local treatment plants
TGD - Local
plant
4
A reasonable worst
case treatment plant
receives 4 times the
average load
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
GREAT-ER
GIS model
which predicts
chemical
concentrations
of household
chemicals in
rivers.
Boron used as a
conservative tracer,
to validate the model.
UK data
6 STP influents and effluents
Monthly river water and
effluent samples
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
• Measured effluent boron agreed with load
calculated from consumer sales volumes (1996,
28 daily composite samples from 6 treatment
plants)
0.22 g/person/day
• Boron in effluents: 50 treatment plants
– NL
7
– Germany 6
– Italy
3
– UK
34 plants
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
Measured to
calculated
boron :
Mean = 1.04
90%ile < 1.5
Frequency
UK Boron data from 804 grab
samples from 34 plants.
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
120%
100%
Frequency
80%
Cumulative %
60%
40%
20%
0%
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
2.4
Boron measured / Boron calculated
Reasonable worst case (90%ile) is 1.5 times the regional
average input, not 4 times as in the TGD default scenario.
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
• Boron concentrations in Italy, Germany, and the
Netherlands also agreed with the concentrations
calculated for the country and year of emission, with
the 90%ile of the measured to calculated boron
distribution being less than 1.5.
• Thus data from 50 sewage plants, in 4 countries,
show that for detergent ingredients in wide general
use, such as perborate, a reasonable worst case
(90%ile) is 1.5 times the regional average input.
• Paper on the 1.5 factor submitted to Chemosphere.
ECETOC submission to TGD revision resulted in
change to “up to a factor of 4” in the revised TGD.
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• Each HERA Substance team will consider
any areas of high local usage for their
substance, and will modify the HERA
default for the reasonable worst case
sewage treatment plant if appropriate.
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
Summary - HERA Defaults
Detergent scenario
100%, not 99%, of ingredient used
goes to the local treatment facility
Region 7%, not 10%
of ingredient
used
STD. EU
Region
1.5
Local sewage
treatment - 1.5
is worst case, not 4.
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox
Modified Exposure Scenario - HERA
TGD - Worst case (4) (Local STW)
times worst case (~2) (10% production tonnage)
gives almost 8 times the average ingredient loading
to a local sewage treatment plant.
HERA Detergent Scenario Data backed “worst case” (1.5) for local STW
times “worst case” (~1.7) regional release based
upon product use
shows two times the average ingredient loading to a
local sewage treatment plant.
HERA will check that the substance use patterns are
XXXI CEDdefaults.
Kay Fox
suitable before using HERA
the atHERA
Thanks!
• To HERA for providing the Challenges!
• To the HERA Environment task force for help with
the Solutions
• To ERASM and the Environment Agency for
England and Wales for funding the boron
monitoring work
• To the EA and Yorkshire Water employees who
collected the samples in all weathers!
• To you for listening!
HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox