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PULTRUSION 101 Presented by Dustin Troutman 214 Industrial Lane, Alum Bank, PA 15521 www.creativepultrusions.com 814.839.4186 Toll Free: 888.CPI.PULL Fax: 814.839.4276 1 WHY CHOOSE CPI? We are the BEST IN CLASS at pultruding large structural profiles. Our engineering team is UNMATCHED in the industry. Our manufacturing technology is SUPERIOR to all others. We are known for our QUALITY. 2 PULTRUDING LARGE STRUCTURAL PROFILES 3 ENGINEERING • • We use Solid Works simulation software for our Finite Element Analysis – Including linear static and Eigen value buckling capability Autodesk Design Suite for our geometry and design layouts 4 PROCESS High pressure injection manufacturing technology permits a higher fiber volume fraction which equates to higher strength and stiffness with tight process variation. 5 QUALITY The Quality Management System has been modeled per the requirements of the ISO9000:2008 International Standard. In 2012, Creative reinforced their commitment of providing the highest Quality of products and services with the addition of a certified LEAN / Six Sigma Black Belt who manages related Quality initiatives. 6 MACHINE SHOP CAPABILITIES • • • • • Over 200 years experience in design and manufacture of tooling for pultrusion CNC machining and grinding In-house hard chrome plating MACT compliant direct die injection tooling is a standard Tooling designed with Autodesk Design Suite “Lifetime Maintenance included in tooling cost” 7 COMPOSITES A composite is a structural material that consists of two or more combined constituents that are combined at a macroscopic level and are not soluble in each other. Glass fibers The term pultrusion comes from combining the words pull and extrusion. Resin being directly injected into the die 8 THE PULTRUSION PROCESS 1. Resin and glass fiber reinforcements are combined and formed into the shape of the die on a continuous process. 2. The resin is initiated by the thermal decomposition process. The initiator is heated until a chemical bond dissociation produces two radicals. The chain continues to build until the monomer is used resulting in a cured resin. Rovings Guide Plate Resin Impregnator Surfacing Veil Forming & Curing Die Pulling System* Cut-Off Saw Continuous Strand Mat Preformer *Caterpillar Pullers (shown) or Reciprocating Pullers 4. Pultruded profiles are cut to length during the continuous manufacturing process. 3. The profiles are pulled through a die. 9 MATERIAL PROPERTIES TENSILE STRENGTH ULTIMATE (KSI) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 WHITE PINE ALUMINUM 6061-T6 STEEL A-36 STAINLESS STEEL 304 PULTRUSION STANDARD STRUCTURAL PULTRUSION CUSTOM CONSTRUCTION PULTRUSION ALL ROVING MATERIAL • Superior Tensile Strength/Stronger than A-36 Steel • Linear Stress/Strain Curve with Little to No Yield 80 COMPRESSION STRENGTH ULTIMATE (KSI) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 WHITE PINE ALUMINUM 6061-T6 STEEL A-36 STAINLESS STEEL 304 PULTRUSION STANDARD STRUCTURAL PULTRUSION CUSTOM CONSTRUCTION PULTRUSION ALL ROVING MATERIAL • Superior Compression Strength/Stronger 6061-T6 Aluminum • Compression Strength and Compression Buckling Normally Govern the Design when Strength Governs 10 MATERIAL PROPERTIES 35 30 Msi 25 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 20 15 10 5 0 WHITE PINE ALUMINUM 6061-T6 STEEL A-36 STAINLESS STEEL 304 PULTRUSION STANDARD STRUCTURAL PULTRUSION CUSTOM CONSTRUCTION PULTRUSION ALL ROVING • 1/2 the Modulus of Aluminum and 1/10th the MOE of Steel MATERIAL • Deflection Governs Most Designs • Buckling Governs Most Strength Driven Designs. Local and Global Buckling 50 SHEAR STRENGTH ULTIMATE (KSI) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 WHITE PINE ALUMINUM 6061-T6 STEEL A-36 STAINLESS STEEL 304 PULTRUSION STANDARD STRUCTURAL PULTRUSION CUSTOM CONSTRUCTION PULTRUSION ALL ROVING • Lower Shear Strength than Steel and MATERIAL Aluminum • Lower Shear Modulus than Steel and Aluminum; Serviceability Calculations Should Include Shear Deflection Computations, Especially for Short Spans 11 MATERIAL PROPERTIES 50 DENSITY ULTIMATE (KSI) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 WHITE PINE ALUMINUM 6061-T6 STEEL A-36 STAINLESS STEEL 304 PULTRUSION STANDARD STRUCTURAL PULTRUSION CUSTOM CONSTRUCTION PULTRUSION ALL ROVING MATERIAL • 75% Lighter than Stainless Steel • 25% Lighter than Aluminum 12 RESIN OPTIONS Series 1500/1525 POLYESTER (PE) RESINS – are manufactured for corrosion related applications. Polyester resins display excellent structural properties and are resistant to acids, salts, and many dilute chemicals at moderate temperatures. The standard 1525 series contains fire retardant additives that permit the profiles to pass UL94 with a (V0) rating and ASTM E84 with a class A rating. 13 RESIN OPTIONS Series 1625 VINYL ESTER (VE) RESINS – are based on bisphenol, an epoxy resin. VE resins provide resistance to a wide range of acids, alkalis, bleaches and solvents for use in many chemical environments. They also offer excellent toughness and fatigue resistance. The standard 1625 series contains fire retardant additives that permit the profiles to pass UL94 with a (V0) rating and ASTM E84 with a Class A rating. 14 RESIN OPTIONS Series 4000 POLYURETHANE (AROMATIC) – Are a blend of polyol and isocyanate that when joined, produce a resin system that offers superior strength and toughness. Polyurethane resins should be used when impact strength and toughness are required. 15 RESIN OPTIONS Series 3000 EPOXY Epoxy resins, also known as polyepoxides are a class of reactive prepolymers and polymers which contain epoxide groups. They are ideal for high strength, high temperature applications and perform well in chemical environments. 16 RESIN OPTIONS Series 3535 SPECIALTY RESINS Special application resins with unique flame smoke and toxicity (FST) attributes are available. Low FST resins are used extensively in the mass transit industry. 17 REINFORCEMENT OPTIONS E GLASS – ELECTRICAL GRADE FIBERGLASS Pultruded in the form of Roving, Continuous Filament, Woven, or stitched fabric mats, depending on the mechanical and physical values being sought. E-glass fiberglass exhibits high tensile strength and Modulus of Elasticity properties. The volume fraction of fiberglass to resin dictates the mechanical and physical properties of the pultruded profile 18 REINFORCEMENT OPTIONS CARBON FIBER Carbon atoms are bonded together in crystals that are more or less aligned parallel to the long axis of the fiber. The crystal alignment gives the fiber high strength-to-volume ratio. Several thousand carbon fibers are bundled together to form a tow, which may be used by itself or woven or stitched into a fabric. The properties of carbon fibers, such as high stiffness, high tensile strength, low weight, high chemical resistance, high temperature tolerance and low thermal expansion, make them very popular in aerospace, civil engineering, military, and motorsports. 19 PRODUCT LINES Standard Structural Profiles Used for Fabricated Structures • W and I Beams • Channels • Angles • Tubes • Flatsheet • And many more... 20 DECKING PRODUCTS SUPERGRATETM PULTRUDED GRATING SUPERPANEL CP150 SUPERDECKTM SUPERPANEL PA004 21 DECKING PRODUCTS SUPERGRATETM MOLDED GRATING SUPERPANEL WALL PANEL CT066 SUPERDECKTM RAIL PLATFORM PANEL SUPERPLANKTM DECKING 22 DECKING PRODUCTS SUPERDECKING HEAVY DUTY PLANK FLOWGRIP® FLOORING PANEL TUF-DEKTM FLOORING 23 BALLISTIC PANELS - The Ultimate Panel for Ballistic and Fragmentation Protection - UL 752 Level III Compliant 24 CUSTOM PULTRUSIONS 25 MASS TRANSIT DECKS 26 FRP DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSMISSION POLES AND CROSSARMS 27 SUPERLOCTM SHEET PILE SYSTEM 28 PIPE PILES 29 TRANSONITE® PANEL SYSTEM 30 PULTRUDED STRUCTURES DESIGN METHODOLOGY OPTIONS LRFD or ASD 31 ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN • Material Properties are Reduced to Satisfy an Appropriate Safety Factor • Typical Safety Factors for Pultruded Structures 2.5 in Flexure 3.0 in Shear 3.0 for Connections 32 LRFD Design • Load & Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Structures • Developed by the Pultrusion Industry Council (PIC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) • A design standard exists for the pultrusion industry. Our industry joins ranks with steel, wood, concrete and aluminum as a standard material of construction. 33 CHARACTERISTIC DESIGN PROPERTIES ARE DETERMINED PER ASTM D7290 WHY ASTM D7290? It is an internationally recognized standard for evaluating material property characteristic values for polymeric composites for civil engineering structural applications. The characteristic value is a statistically-based material property representing the 80% lower confidence bound on the 5th percentile value of a specified population. 34 WHY DO ENGINEERS AND OWNERS SPECIFY PULTRUDED PROFILES? • To Reduce Maintenance Costs • To Reduce Downtime • To Reduce Future Capital Expenditures • To Increase Safety • To Save Money 35 SUPERIOR DURABILITY OVER A LONG SERVICE LIFE • Estimated Service Life of 80+ years • The theory is based on the Arrhenius principle used by Litherland et al. in 1981 and Vijay and GangaRao in 1991. (Litherland et all, have correlated their data with naturally weathered samples of about 10 years.) 36 PULTRUSION THE GREEN CHOICE EMBODIED ENERGY COMPARISON 37 APPLICATION PROFILES BC HYDRO 287kV TRANSMISSION CHANNEL TESTED BY POWERTECH LABS DESIGNED BY CPI INSTALLED AND VETTED BY BC HYDRO 38 APPLICATION PROFILE PULTRUDED DISTRIBUTION POLES AND CROSSARMS FOR NATIONAL GRID 39 APPLICATION PROFILE LIGHTWEIGHT POLE FOR LIMITED ACCESS SETS 40 APPLICATION PROFILE PULTRUDED HS25-44 BRIDGE DECK 200’ x 60’ INSTALLED IN 14 HOURS 41 APPLICATION PROFILE COMMUNICATION TOWER FOR EMERGENCY SERVICES. RADAR AND RF TRANSPARENCY DESIGNED BY CREATIVE 42 APPLICATION PROFILE MOVEABLE POOL FLOORS AND STARTING BULKHEADS 43 APPLICATION PROFILE RAILS TO TRAILS DECKING 44 APPLICATION PROFILE MASS TRANSIT ELEVATED PLATFORM DECKS 45 APPLICATION PROFILE COVERBOARDS, TIE EXTENSIONS, UTILITY AND COMMUNICATION STRUCTURES for the MASS TRANSIT MARKET 46 APPLICATION PROFILE PULTRUDED COOLING TOWER 47 APPLICATION PROFILE NUCLEAR INTAKE RACK 48 APPLICATION PROFILE PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE 49 APPLICATION PROFILE STATUE OF LIBERTY HURRICANE SANDY REBUILD WITH FRP PIPE PILES - FHWA PROJECT APPLICATION PROFILE AZERBAIJAN 3,280 FT RETAINING WALL 1580 SUPERLOC™ AND SUPERWALE 51 APPLICATION PROFILE SHEET PILE WALL SERIES 1560 SUPERLOC™ 52 APPLICATION PROFILE SHEET PILE WALL AFTER HURRICANE SANDY 2012 SERIES 1580 SUPERLOC™ 53 KEYPORT, NJ PHOTOS OF WALL TAKEN DURING HURRICAN SANDY 54 KEYPORT, NJ PHOTO TAKEN AFTER HURRICAN SANDY, 2012 NO DAMAGE TO THE FRP WALL 55 APPLICATION PROFILE MILITARY 56 FT. MEYERS, FLORIDA SHEET PILE WALL 57 PIANKATANK RIVER, VIRGINIA BRIDGE PIER FENDER SYSTEM CONSTRUCTED OF POLYURETHANE PIPE PILES 58 APPLICATION PROFILE PINELLAS BAYWAY BRIDGE PIPE PILE FENDER INSTALLATION 59 APPLICATION PROFILE PINELLAS BAYWAY BRIDGE PIPE PILE FENDER INSTALLATION 60 WHAT CAN WE DO FOR YOU? WE CAN DESIGN YOUR CUSTOM PROFILE BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND PROVEN ENGINEERING MEANS 61 TEST THE DESIGN IN ONE OF OUR IN-HOUSE TEST FACILITIES FULL SECTION AND COUPON LEVEL TESTING 62 PULTRUDE YOUR PROFILE 63 FABRICATE YOUR PROFILE OR STRUCTURE 64 FACILITIES OVERVIEW Creative Pultrusions, Inc. was established in 1973 and is located in Alum Bank, Pennsylvania. FACILITIES (SQ. FT) = 160,000 PRODUCTION MACHINES = 18 EMPLOYEES = 148 65 HILL & SMITH HOLDINGS PLC • Hill & Smith Holdings PLC is an international group with leading positions in the design, manufacture and supply of infrastructure products and galvanizing services to global markets. It serves its customers from facilities principally Australia, France, India, Norway, Sweden, Thailand, the UK and the USA. • The Group's operations are organized into two main business segments: Infrastructure Products & Galvanizing Services. • 2014 Revenue of £454.7m ($682m) • Infrastructure – 71% Roads - 28% Utilities - 43% • Galvanizing - 29% 66 WHERE HILL & SMITH OPERATES • AUSTRALIA: office in Queensland for • NORWAY: a division of ATA, the road the development of our wire rope and safety barrier products. safety barrier and signage business. • THAILAND: location of the major part of • FRANCE: the base of France Galva our pipe supports manufacturing capability, where we have plants near Bangkok. and Conimast, where we have ten galvanizing plants and a lightning column business. • INDIA: manufacturing facility for pipe supports and offices for development of our Hill & Smith infrastructure product business. • SWEDEN: location of ATA, the road safety barrier and signage business. • UK: head office and various group site V locations covering our main infrastructure products businesses and network of UK galvanizing plants. • USA: our V&S galvanizing and utilities plants are situated on the east coast along with the Bergen and Carpenter & Paterson pipe support businesses and the fiber reinforced composite profiles business, Creative Pultrusions. 67 HILL & SMITH REVIEW OF 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCTS For the core markets Roads and Utilities – supplying products and services such as permanent and temporary road safety barriers, fencing, industrial platforms and flooring, street lighting columns, bridge parapets, glass reinforced composite railway platforms and flood prevention barriers, variable road messaging solutions, traffic data collection systems, plastic drainage pipes and pipe supports for the power and liquefied natural gas markets, energy grid components and security fencing. Operating in subsidiaries in Australia, France, India, Norway, Sweden, Thailand, the UK and the USA. In 2014 the division accounted for 71% (2013: 71%) of the Group’s revenue and 46% (2013: 43%) of the Group’s underlying operating profit. 68 QUESTIONS? CELEBRATING OVER 42 YEARS OF PROVIDING PULTRUSION SOLUTIONS www.creativepultrusions.com