Transcript Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management

Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management
and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management
Republic of Slovenia
3rd Review Meeting
Vienna, May 2009
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
1
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
• Introduction – Basic information on the
Slovenian Nuclear Programme
• Brief presentation of the National Report
• Conclusions
• General response to questions
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
2
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
•
•
•
•
Introduction – Slovenian Nuclear Programme
Brief presentation of the National Report
Conclusions
General response to questions
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
3
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Summary of basic information
Type
Spent Fuel
Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Waste
Application
Wastes
Long Term
Management
Policy
Current Practice
/ Facilities
Planned
Facilities
On site storage and
ultimate geological
disposal – 50 years
Decommissioning Fund
(Levy from kWh)
On site wet storage
at NPP
Dry storage, then
disposal or export
LILW repository operational in 2013
Decommissioning Fund
(Levy from kWh)
On site storage
LILW repository operational in 2013
Central Interim Storage
for Radioactive Waste,
then transfer to LILW
repository
Users and state
Central Interim
Storage for
Radioactive waste
LILW repository operational in 2013
Decommissioning Fund
(Levy from kWh)
Decommissioning
Liabilities
Disused
Sealed
Sources
Funding
Central Interim Storage
for Radioactive Waste
then transfer to LILW
repository
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
Users and state
LILW repository operational in 2013
Central Interim
Storage for
Radioactive Waste
LILW repository operational in 2013
or with high level
waste
4
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Waste generators
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
5
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
The Krško NPP
• Major producer of radioactive waste in Slovenia
– PWR two loops Westinghouse design
– 700 MWe
– 24th fuel cycle
– Joint project of Slovenia and Croatia
– Start of the construction: 1974
– First criticality and connection to the grid: 1981
– Commercial operation: 1983
– Design life time 40 years,
probably extended
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
6
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
The Krško NPP
• All LILW radioactive waste and spent
fuel stored within the plant area,
capacities nearly exhausted
• Spent nuclear fuel stored in the spent
fuel pool, re-racked in 2003, sufficient
until end of design life time and
beyond
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
7
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor
• Part of Jožef Stefan Institute Reactor Centre
–
–
–
–
250 kWt General Atomic open pool type,
Start in 1966,
In 1991 re-licensed for pulse mode operation
Shall terminate the operation in 2016
• No spent fuel on site (return of spent fuel to
U.S. in 1999)
• Minor amount of LILW
• Hot laboratory as an integral part since early
2008 (licensed for treatment of RW from
small producers)
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
8
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
The Central Interim Storage for
Radioactive Waste in Brinje
• Storage of low and intermediate level radioactive waste
from medical, industrial and research applications
• Constructed in 1984,
• Operational since 1986
• Refurbished in 2004
• Two and a half years of trial operation
• Operating license in early 2008
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
9
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Žirovski Vrh Uranium Mine
• Operation from 1984 to 1990,
• Lifetime production 610,000 tons,
• 452.5 tons U3O8 equivalent of yellow cake
• In 1990 the decision to close
• Mine and Mill decommissioned
• Mine waste pile remediation completed
• Mill tailings remediated
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
10
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Governmental Organizations
• Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration (1987)
• Slovenian Radiation Protection Administration (2003)
• Agency for Radwaste Management (1991)
• Public Enterprise Žirovski vrh Mine (1992)
• Fund for the decommissioning of the Krško NPP
(1995)
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
11
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Governmental Policy
• Resolution on the National Energy Programme
• Resolution on the National Programme for Radioactive
Waste and Spent Fuel Management (2006-2015)
• Agreement between Slovenia and Croatia on Krško NPP
• Decommissioning Plan for the Krško NPP
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
12
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
•
•
•
•
Introduction – Slovenian Nuclear Programme
Brief presentation of the National Report
Conclusions
General response to questions
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
13
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Issues raised at the 2nd Review Meeting
• Implementation of Agreement with Croatia
– Proceeding
• Siting, design and licensing of the LILW repository
– Public acceptance pending
• Continue to seek solution to geological disposal
– Continuing
• Characterisation of waste in Central Interim Storage Facility
– Completed
• Hot cell refurbishment
– Completed and licensed
• Uranium Mine – waste pile final remediation
– Completed
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
15
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Main Novelties since the 2st Report
• Characterisation of historical waste stored in CISF
completed
• Central Interim Storage for Radioactive Waste licensed
• Hot Cell Laboratory licensed
• Licence for remediation work at Boršt waste pile
(upgrading mill and mine tailings safety)
• Progress in siting of LILW repository
• The Decommissioning Plan is under revision
• 10 fresh fuel elements and 500kg of yellow cake sold to
AREVA
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
16
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Spent Fuel Management Policy
NPP Krško
• Dry storage for SF:
– construction 2024 - 2037
– operation 2037 – 2070
• Looking for regional or global solutions
• Disposal of SF in Slovenia
– beginning of site characterization 2035
– beginning of construction 2055
• After storage period disposal in Slovenia or export
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
17
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Spent Fuel Management Policy
Research Reactor
• Stop operating in 2016,
• Return SF to U.S. by 2019
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
18
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Spent Fuel Management Practices - Krško NPP
• Spent fuel pool for 1694 fuel assemblies, made of
reinforced concrete, covered with SS liner, leak detection
system
• Water purification system, < 18.4 x104 Bq/cm3
• Criticality analysis design basis criterion, keff+3< 0.95
• Average burn-up 45.9 GWd/MTU
• Re-racked in 2003
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
19
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Spent Fuel Management Practices – Research
Reactor
• Two spent fuel pools, both empty
• Newer spent fuel pool is operational with capacity of 195
spent fuel elements
• Made of reinforced concrete, covered with SS liner, on-line
water radioactivity monitoring
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
20
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Radioactive Waste Management Policy
• Responsibility for LILW management:
– Producers,
– State-owned public service (ARAO)
• According to 2002 Act
– Site for LILW repository - approved by 2008
– Repository - operational 2013
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
21
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
RAW Management Practices – The Central Interim
Storage for Radwaste
• Operational since 1986, first operator Institute J. Stefan
• Transferred to Agency for Radwaste Management in
1999
• “Polluter pays” principle since 2000
• Refurbishment finished in 2004
• Beginning of trial operation in 2005
• Operating license in early 2008
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
22
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
RAW Management Practices – Žirovski Vrh
Uranium Mine
• Two permanent waste disposal sites:
– Jazbec mine waste pile (SAR approved,
remediation completed)
– Boršt mill tailings site (SAR approved)
• Underground mine closed
• Ore processing plant decommissioned
• Contaminated waste materials from decommissioning
disposed on Jazbec mine waste pile
• Geomechanical stability problem of Boršt mill tailings
addressed in SAR
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
23
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
RAW Management Practices – Krško NPP
• Radioactive Waste Management Programme
• Radioactive Waste Committee at Krško NPP
• Radioactive waste treatment and conditioning: gaseous,
liquid and solid radioactive waste processing systems
• Radioactive waste volume reduction programme:
–
–
–
–
–
Two super compaction campaigns,
Four incineration and melting campaigns
In-Drum Drying System
Installation of supercompactor on site
18-month fuel cycle
• PSR accomplished in 2004 => waste storage operation is
appropriately addressed
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
24
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
RAW Management Practices – Small Producers
• Jožef Stefan Institute:
– Solid radwaste transferred to
Central Interim Storage for Radwaste
• Industry and Research:
– ~90 different organisations,
– 800 sealed radioactive sources,
– Spent and disused sources shipped to Central Interim Storage for
Radwaste
• Medicine:
–
–
–
–
7 hospitals,
Decay storage tanks at Institute of Oncology,
Short lived radioactive waste stored at users’ locations,
After decay transferred to the municipal disposal site
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
25
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Inventories and Lists
Krško NPP
• Spent fuel
– 872 assemblies
– 18-months fuel cycle (since 2004)
• LILW
– 3,685 drums, 2,174 m3, 1.93x10+13 Bq
• Other
– 2 steam generators and other bulky items
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
26
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Inventories and Lists
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
27
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Inventories and Lists
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
28
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Inventories and Lists
Research Reactor TRIGA Mark II
• Spent fuel
– All returned to U.S. in 1999, with option to
return the rest by 2019
• Other waste
– Various items, mainly contaminated
laboratory equipment and tools (annual
discharge rate ~1 m3 ) are transferred to
Central interim storage facility
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
29
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Inventories and Lists
Žirovski Vrh Uranium Mine
• Jazbec Mine Waste Pile
– Total 1,198,800 m3 (mine waste, red mud, filter cake
from mine water treatment station, soil and ruins
from uranium ore processing plant)
– Total activity of disposed material 21.7 TBq
• Boršt Mill Tailings
– Total 409,000 m3 (mine waste, mill tailings)
– Total activity of storage material 48.8 TBq
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
30
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Inventories and Lists
Central Interim Storage for Radioactive Waste
• Status at the end of 2007:
–
–
–
–
305 drums
210 special bulky items
333 spent sealed sources (60Co, 137Cs, 85Kr,
Total activity app. 3,600 GBq
90Sr)
• Status at the end of 2008 (after characterisation)
–
–
–
–
345 drums
31 special bulky items
82 spent sealed sources (60Co, 137Cs, 85Kr,
Total activity app. 3,650 GBq
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
90Sr)
31
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Inventories and Lists
Isotopic Laboratory of the Institute of Oncology
• LLW is packed in 60 l barrels - decay storage
• Sealed sources (Co, Ir, Ra) - Central Interim Storage
• Liquid radioactive waste (faecal sludge) is collected in
decay storage tanks and released into the hospital
sewage system after about half a year
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
32
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Legislative and Regulatory Framework
Safety of spent fuel and radioactive waste management:
– Act on Ionising Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety - “2002 Act” basic requirements
– Detailed safety requirements in regulation ’’On management of
radioactive waste and spent fuel’’ (JV7), adopted in May 2006
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
33
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Regulatory Body
Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration (SNSA)
• Established in 1987
• Director of the SNSA
– appointed and released by the Government
– responsible to the Minister
– SNSA is represented on the Governmental and Parliamentary level by
the Minister
• Staff
– interdisciplinary
– 46 employees (including director)
• In 2007 acquired the ISO 9001:2000 certificate for the
management system
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
34
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Regulatory Body
Structure
in thousands EUR
Salaries
1,301
Targeted Research Programmes
104
Material expenses
355
Investments
38
Membership fees (IAEA, OECD/NEA, USNRC)
289
Outsourcing
Nuclear Safety
225
Radiation Safety
203
EURANOS Project
8
Total
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
2,523
35
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Human and Financial Resources
NPP Krško
• Responsibilities:
– Radioactive waste => Chemistry Department,
– Spent fuel => Nuclear Fuel Department,
– Radiological control => Radiation Protection Department
• 573 employees (at the end of 2007), 8 directly involved in RAW
management
• Expenses for radioactive waste and spent fuel are part of production
costs
• Development of a Site Specific Decommissioning Plan for NPP Krško
to assess financial resources
• Fund for decommissioning and final disposal of radioactive waste
and spent fuel is independent from the NPP
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
36
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Human and Financial Resources
JSI Reactor Infrastructure Centre
• Reactor operational staff responsible for spent fuel and
radioactive waste handling and managing. Budget
200,000 EUR per year. Financial provisions for
decommissioning are not assured yet.
• Staff of 11
Agency for Radwaste Management
• Staff of 24
• State budget, Decommissioning Fund for the Krško NPP,
fees for storage and future disposal of radioactive waste
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
37
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Operational Radiation Protection
Occupational Exposure due to RW Management
Annual collective dose for 2007
(man mSv)
Krško NPP
36.2
TRIGA RR
0.9*
Žirovski vrh
Uranium Mine
20
CISF
1
* due to radiation practices and RWM
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
38
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Operational Radiation Protection
Estimated effective dose for population
Annual dose
(Sv) for 2008
Žirovski vrh Uranium Mine
110
Global contamination
9.8
Krško NPP
1
TRIGA RR
0.5
CISF
0.2
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
39
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Decommissioning
No nuclear facility under decommissioning (excluding
the remediation of the Žirovski vrh Uranium Mine)
• Site Specific Decommissioning Plan for Krško NPP, levy per
produced kWhe paid to the Fund is 0.3 Eurocents
• Research project to estimate quantity and composition of
LILW resulting of dismantling of TRIGA Mark II
• Decommissioning of Žirovski vrh is assured by Slovenian
Government
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
40
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Siting of Proposed Facilities
• LILW repository should become operational by the year
2013, site known by 2008.
• Two main criteria:
– Safe disposal solution, supported by the safety assessment
– Site selection performed in agreement with local community
• Licensing process:
– Environmental Impact Assessment is mandatory for spent
fuel management facilities and radioactive waste management
facilities
– Safety Analysis Report is the key document
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
41
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Siting of Proposed Facilities
• Public Involvement:
– invitation to local communities, 8 responded, 3 withdrawn,
– 12 potentially suitable sites in 5 local communities,
– 3 locations in 3 communities were approved for further field
investigation, 1 withdrawn
– 2 local partnerships were established
– The spatial planning procedure for the potential location Vrbina
in Krško started in 2006, waiting for consent of the local council
– The spatial planning procedure for the potential location Brežice
started in 2007, in process
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
42
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Siting of Proposed Facilities (cntd’)
NPP
Krško
VrbinaKrško
municipality
VrbinaBrežice
municipality
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
43
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Siting of Proposed Facilities (cntd’)
Design basis for the LILW repository
• Three variants considered on the potential location
Vrbina in Krško municipality
– Surface type
– Tunnel type
– Near Surface silos
• Proposal: Silo type of LILW repository
– Structures used for operating stage placed on
embankment, later removed
– Structure placed 15 to 50 m beneath the surface
– Lays in saturated soil, separated from fresh water,
covered by 5 m thick clay layer
– Silos structure: 33 m high and 26 m in diameter
– Capacity: 700 concrete containers in 10 levels
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
Silos structure in operating
time: vertical and horizontal
cross section.
44
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Disposal of Spent Fuel
Krško NPP:
• Plans for repository
– beginning of site characterisation 2035 (identify sites)
– beginning of construction 2055 (propose the site)
– beginning of disposal 2065
• Export option also considered
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
45
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Disposal of Spent Fuel
Research Reactor:
• Decision on termination of operation in 2016
– Shipment and permanent disposal of spent fuel within
the framework of the U.S. government programme
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
46
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Transboundary Movement
• Council Directive 2006/117/EURATOM of November 2006 has
been adopted
• In 2005 transit of irradiated nuclear fuel from Austria via
Slovenia to Port of Koper
• In October 2005 shipment from the Krško NPP for
incineration and melting, returned in December 2006
• In December 2008 shipment from the Krško NPP sent for
incineration and melting
• In 2008 three transits of nuclear fuel from Italy, Romania
and Hungary via Slovenia to Port of Koper
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
47
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Disused Sealed Sources
• Storage:
– Central Interim Storage
– “Polluter pays’’ principle
• Re-manufacturing and re-entry
– No manufacturing of sealed sources in Slovenia
• Successful campaign in the faculties and state
institutions
• HASS Directive has been adopted
• Effective System for Prevention of Illicit Trafficking
of Radioactive Materials in Shipments of Metal
Scrap
– In force since January 1, 2008
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
48
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
• Introduction – Slovenian Nuclear Programme
• The Republic of Slovenia - a party to the Joint
Convention
• Brief presentation of the National Report
• Conclusions
• General response to questions
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
51
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
CONCLUSIONS
• Amount of radwaste in Slovenia is relatively small, but
magnitude of problems is similar as in countries with big
nuclear programmes
• Current situation is well under control
• Slovenia respects provisions of Joint Convention
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
52
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Challenges
• LILW repository siting, construction and operation
• Agreement with Croatia about common solution for Krško
NPP waste disposal
• Updated Krško NPP Decommissioning plan
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
53
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
• Introduction – Slovenian Nuclear Programme
• The Republic of Slovenia - a party to the Joint
Convention
• Brief presentation of the National Report
• Conclusions
• General response to questions
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
54
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
General response to questions
• 57 questions from 11 countries addressed
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Regulatory authority
Decommissioning of the Krško NPP
Strategy for spent fuel disposal
Central interim storage
Planned repository for LILW
Žirovski vrh Uranium Mine
Spent fuel in Krško NPP
Discharges to the environment
Clearance levels
Disused sealed sources
Treatment and storage of RAW in Krško NPP
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
55
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Regulatory Authority
• Two competent authorities (SNSA and SRPA)
reporting to different ministries, independent in
administrative decisions
– medical institutions, using radioactive sources are legal persons,
financed through the Health Insurance of Slovenia (The Ministry of
Health is not a user of radioactive sources)
• Cooperation between SNSA and SRPA
• No problem!
• Authorisation of authorised experts (TSOs for nuclear
safety are authorised by SNSA; TSOs for radiation
protection are authorised by SRPA)
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
56
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Regulatory Authority
• SNSA management
system
– Documented in five levels of
management documentation
– Seven core processes and
two supporting processes
– Regular communication with
stakeholders/clients
– The SNSA clients: licensees,
authorised organizations,
ministries, public and other
organizations, non
governmental organizations
– Surveys on customer’ and
employee’s satisfaction
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
Mission
Vision
Values
Policy statement
MANAGEMENT MANUAL
Strategic plan
Annual plan
Organisational
Organisational
procedure
Organisational
procedure
Organisational
procedure
procedure
Organisational
Organisational
instruction
Organisational
instruction
instruction
Q
Organisational
Organisational
instruction
Organisational
instruction
instruction
OP
ON
records
57
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Decommissioning of the Krško NPP
• Decommissioning of NPP Krško, disposal of RW and SF is joint
responsibility of contracting parties (SLO-CRO Agreement)
• Decommissioning Plan, approved in March 2005, is being revised
• Parties shall assure financial resources for decommissioning and for
disposal of RW and SF
• One year after entry into force each party should establish its own
decommissioning fund (both Funds established)
• If agreed on joint solution parties shall finance it in equal shares or
they shall finance their share of activities by themselves
• In Slovenia the levy per kWh is 0.3 Euro cents (higher in Croatia)
• The levy shall be re-assessed on the basis of revised
Decommissioning Plan (2009)
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
58
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Decommissioning of the Krško NPP
• So far no agreement on joint solution, Slovenia is developing
RW management plan only for its share of waste.
• Volume of decommissioning waste assessed,
conditional clearance => effective dose 10 Sv and collective
dose 1 man Sv must be justified for each individual case
• Strategy: immediate dismantling (2023 to 2037) - 7 scenario
options analyzed
• Next update of The National Programme for Managing RW and
SF in 2015, meanwhile the global development is monitored
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
59
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Strategy for spent fuel disposal
• Decommissioning programme:
– NPP shut down in 2024, however extension probable
– Transfer of spent fuel to dry storage 2024-2030 (storage period 35
years)
– No detailed plans for dry storage facility at the moment
• Strategy for Long-Term Spent Fuel Management:
– Repository in deep geological formation assured in 2065, closed in 2075
(waiting for establishment of optimal disposal technology, multinational
solutions also considered)
– Export (no bilateral agreement or negotiations yet)
– For cost assessment Swedish concept was taken as a reference model
• Eventual other HLW (Am, Ra, highly active sources not met the WAC
for LILW Repository) shall be disposed off in geological repository
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
60
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Central Interim Storage
• Refurbishment:
– Transfer of responsibility for operation from JSI to ARAO in 1999
– Main safety problems: obsolete installations, poor data on
inventory, lack of procedures, no safety analysis report
– Refurbishment prepared (ventilation system, floor drain system,
physical and fire protection, air drying system, minor other
remediation and maintenance works)
– Waste packages approved by regulator (limitation: 2 mSv/h on
contact)
• Licensing:
Trial operation in 2005,
– After trial period, safety analysis report was updated
– Operational license issued in 2008, max. 10 years
–
• Projected service life:
– In case of LILW repository => decontaminated or decommissioned
– In case of no new solution => continue to operate
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
61
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Central Interim Storage
• Inventory characterisation of RAW
All historical waste categorized and repacked
– Liquid waste exceeding WAC identified and prepared for treatment
(must be treated by the end of 2009)
– Radioactive waste inventory database updated
– No other safety measures needed
–
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
62
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Planned repository for LILW
• Time frame:
– Site approval envisaged for 2008 is delayed into 2009
– Operation from 2013 till 2037
– 5-year closure period until 2042
• The site has not been approved yet, hopefully this
month
• Decision to abandon the second suitable location is
pending
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
63
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Planned repository for LILW
• Financial compensation to municipalities:
– 2.3 mio EUR/year (10 % during field investigations)
• Public involvement:
– Two public hearings (2004 and 2008)
– Establishment of local partnership (Brežice and Krško)
– Activities: visits to CISF, public discussions, independent expert
studies
– Municipality has to confirm the proposal of the National Spatial Plan
for LILW repository
– Proposed site selection can’t be vetoed, once confirmed by
municipal council
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
64
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Planned repository for LILW
• Proposal: silo type repository
• Draft WAC for disposal prepared for a silo type
repository (anticipated)
• Dose constraint 300 Sv per year (individual from a
critical group) in compliance with ICRP recommendations
(normal evolution scenario, normal degradation of the
repository)
• 12 scenarios for abnormal events treated in SSAR
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
65
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Planned repository for LILW
• Consultations with neighbouring countries (transboundary impacts)
– The process of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) according
to SEA Directive started for potential locations (Vrbina in the Krško
municipality and Vrbina in the Brežice municipality)
• If the SEA Report will show trans-boundary impacts , Slovenia will
involve neighbouring countries in the process of trans-boundary
consultations
– The process of the Environmental Impact Assessment according to
the EIA Directive has not been started yet
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
66
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Žirovski vrh uranium mine
• Underground mine permanently closed, outflow
of the mine waters is under control
• Processing plant decommissioned; land is given
to local municipality for unlimited use
• Jazbec mining waste disposal site, remediation
completed
– Covered with 2.2 m thick soil layers,
– Background and seepage waters drained
– Site re-cultivated with grass and fenced
•
Boršt mill taillings disposal site
– Remediation work to be completed by 2010
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
67
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Žirovski vrh uranium mine
•
Closing requirements
– Safety cases approved through the licensing process
– Limits for liquid effluents and seepage water are set
– Limits for radon exhalation rate are set for both disposal sites,
0.7 Bq/m2/s and 0.1 Bq/m2/s respectively
– External radiation limit set to 0.2 Gy/h
– Total effective dose limit 0.3 mSv/year
•
Measurement of discharges
– Operational period: TSOs and analytical laboratory of the
Žirovski vrh Uranium Mine
– Decommissioning: TSOs
– Annual reporting to the SNSA
– Programme on environmental radioactivity (off-site)
measurements by SNSA
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
68
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Treatment and storage of RAW in the NPP Krško
• Storage safety requirements
–
–
–
–
–
No release of radioactive substances,
Package integrity assured,
Corrosion resistant,
Installation of new air condition system planned
Administrative restrictions: external exposure 0.2 mSv/year at the
fence of the plant
• Storage capacity
– 1470 m2, capacity 2000 m3, 5000 drums
– Storage space still sufficient due to waste treatments (incineration,
melting, supercompaction), Installation of steel construction (two
levels of storage), bridge crane => 11200 drums
– 95% filled in 2010,
– Increase of storage capacity not planned
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
69
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Treatment and storage of RAW in the NPP Krško
• Conditioning of evaporator concentrate and
spent resins
– Original method: solidification with vermiculite
– To minimize the quantity of solid waste => In-Drum-Drying
System
– Acceptance criteria for the final product: solid block with no
free liquid, less than 30 wt. % of moisture content
– Additional studies performed by operator, License for
processing issued by SNSA
– No swelling of waste form expected, type of packages (SS
drums) corrosion resistant at least 40 years
– Prevention against the self ignition: in the phase of
development of the process, sorting of the waste to be treated,
Room with IDDS equipped with fire protection sensors
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
70
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Treatment and storage of RAW in the NPP Krško
• Solid RAW:
– Not conditioned or ready for disposal
– The integrity of packages regularly checked
• Spent ion exchange resins from the secondary
circuit – treated as Non-Nuclear Waste
• Spent ion exchange resins from the primary
circuit:
– Solidification by vermiculate-cement and since 1998 in-drum
drying system
• Quantification of radionuclide content of the
treated solid waste – with drum scanner (for 208 l
drums); scaling factors for minor radionuclide assessment
are used
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
71
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Spent Fuel in the NPP Krško
• Burn-up of spent fuel
– No plan to introduce nuclear fuel with the
enrichment of 235U higher than 5 wt% (handling not
possible in the current storage facility)
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
72
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Discharges to the environment
Krško NPP
• Limits for radioactive effluents for the NPP set during the
licensing process (Technical Specification)
• Limits for liquid discharges to Sava River set in
Operational license and TS
• Two operational limits for liquid discharges are changed
– Total activity of fission and activation radionuclides, including
noble gases, excluding H-3 =>100 GBq/y
– Total activity of H-3 => 45 TBq/y
Planned LILW
• Limits not established yet
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
73
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Discharges to the environment
Discharges of 131I from Department for Nuclear
Medicine
• Estimated from the administered activities to patients
• Releases limited by
– Activity allowed in individual patients (1100 MBq) and
– Number of patients (max. 6 per week hospitalized)
• In average patients excrete app. 50% of 131I => the
activity concentration of discharged water does not
exceed prescribed limits
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
74
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Clearance levels
• Specific activity bellow clearance levels => release
without approval (just notification to regulatory body), upon
the decision of regulatory body additional measurements
may be carried out before release
• Surface contamination (limits defined in Bq per 100 cm2)
for:
–
–
–
–
–
Surface in controlled area
Unrestricted area
Surface of soil
Equipment and tool contamination
Surface of protective clothing and skin contamination
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
75
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/
Disused sealed sources
• Transport of radioactive sources inside Slovenia
– Licensing for transport under special arrangements and packages
for which multilateral approval is mandatory
• The scrap dealers recognized the benefit of orphan
sources detection (detection capabilities improved, better
commercial contracts with suppliers) and do not comply
about costs
REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING
SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
76
http://www.ursjv.gov.si/