Transcript Guidebook for Conducting An e-Waste Inventory PAN

Outline
 Background
 E-products in Ethiopia
 E-waste mgt practices
 Downstream market
 Legal framework
 Recommendation
1. Background
 PAN-Ethiopia
 IPEN
 ICCM2
 ISIP
 Federal EPA-AAP
 GEF
2. E-products in Ethiopia
 E-product utilization is
more in urban areas
 Recent developments are
also trying to connect rural
areas
 Dry cell battery and solar
pannel utilization is getting
high
 Emphasis should be given to
the growth trend and the
risk of poor management
even with few quantities
3. Manufacturing and imports
 There are various producers of EEE located in and
around Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar




Tecno mobile Ethiopia
Tana communications
Smadl
Geotel
3. ...imports
 There are major importers of EEE
 Majority of the mobile phones on the Ethiopian
market are illegally smuggled into the country, in part
to avoid paying the high import taxes
3....imports
 A significant volume of ICT
equipment is also imported and
distributed under the auspices
of ICT4D- projects

 The Computer Refurbishment
and Training Centre (CRTC)the only one trying to deal with
proper mgt
4. Data on stocks and volumes
 Ethiopia has ratified the Basel Convention
 has put in place some start-up measures for the management
of e- waste.
 A survey was conducted in four major Ethiopian cities
(Addis Ababa, Bahir Dar, Dire Dawa and Hawassa)
focusing on four selected types of EEE:
 personal computers and related accessories
 Television sets and related accessories
 mobile phones
 refrigerators
Table 1. Total number of electrical and electronic devices
legally imported into Ethiopia, 2004-2011
2004
41,974
21,388
Number of
mobile
phones &
accessories
17,179
2005
387,642
204,672
310,633
55,662
2006
331,939
342,201
1,051,048
77,051
2007
520,889
390,677
50,507
89,306
2008
260,025
333,683
193,728
116,921
2009
331,303
411,307
379,980
98,245
2010
284,005
490,779
429,644
122,641
2011
263,116
177,047
346,084
53,368
Year
Number of
computer
& accessories
Number of
TVs &
accessories
Number of
refrigerators
& accessories
5,620
Table2. Estimated total stock, by weight (t), of nonfunctional equipment in Ethiopia’s 10 largest cities in 2011
Type of equipment
Personal Computers
TVs
Mobile Phones
Refrigerators
Total
Stock of non-functional equipment in the 10 largest cities of
Ethiopia in 2011
3,200 t
510 t
3t
590 t
4,300 t
5. E-waste management practices
4.1 Solid waste mgt situation
 Waste management is handled by
 Government
 NGOs
 Private companies and
 SMEs
 However, most of the solid waste
is collected without sorting
 E-waste mixed with municipal
solid waste
6. E-waste management ...
4.1 Solid waste mgt situation...
 Mixed waste is disposed in open
dumps
 Addis Ababa (Upper picture)
and
 Bahirdar (Second picture)
 Valuable materials including parts
of e-waste are collected by waste
pickers
 However, majority of bigger ewaste items are stored in
households and institutions
7. Repair shops
 Most of the maintenance shops were willing to pay for
collectors to take away their non-functional electrical and
electronic equipment, but they do not care whether the ewaste is actually disposed of properly
8. E-waste collection
 Three types
 The manufacturers of mobile phones in Ethiopia partly
maintain service centres where damaged phones can be
handed in for repair or exchange
 The Computer Refurbishment and Training Centre (CRTC)
 As part of the effort to make the DMF, MoFED has
written a circular letter to all federal ministries to hand
over stored end-of-life EEE to the MCIT
 Some moderate volumes of e-waste are collected and
managed by scrap metal collectors and recyclers
9. Disposal
 There is no hazardous waste disposal facility in Ethiopia
 Cement kilns as disposal options were raised as a topic of
research
 Kilns were also studied if applicable to dispose obsolete
pesticides
 However studies showed that Cement kilns can not qualify
as means of disposal because of high environmental and
health risks
10. Downstream market
 E-waste fraction for downstream market are:
 Copper cables- for local market
 Printed wiring boards (PWBs) and IC-contacts-Intn’l
 Copper-steel-plastic mixes- local and/or International
 Pure copper (e.g. from CRT yokes)-International
 Plastics (with flame retardants)-Hazardous
 CRT-glass- Hazardous
 To date, the downstream markets are not utilized for e-
waste management in Ethiopia
11. Legal Framework
 National
 The FEPA of Ethiopia has formulated a new regulation on
Management and Disposal of E-Waste under the
Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation of 2002.
 Internationally-at ICCM3
 the African region was the main negotiator for the
inclusion of the life cycle approach to EEE management
in the GPA.
 This decision received full acceptance by the parties and
also reflected positively on the African resolution.
12. Recommendation
 Further develop the e- waste collection from offices and






businesses-√
Optimize pre-processing and storage in the DMF- √
Widen the scope of CRTC to other EEEs- √
Develop solutions for non-valuable fractions- √
Develop a national e- waste mgt strategy- √
Take into account the whole life cycle of electrical and
electronic products- √
Develop a financing mechanism
 legal obligations on producers and importers within the
framework of Extended Producer Responsibility schemes
(EPR) should get emphasis- √
Ethiopian E-waste
Management Project
Project Overview
 Duration:
• 24 months,
• Start in April 2013
 Project leader
• UNIDO
• Project manager: Smail Alhilali
 National responsibility for project
• MCIT
• E-EPA
Objectives
 Establish national e-waste strategy
• Regulatory measures for sound e-waste management
• Financing, sound collection, treatment, disposal
• Capacity building, training, etc.
 Enlargement of current operations in Akaki
•
•
•
•
Review and upscale infrastructure and operations
Identify downstream markets
Business model for long-term sustainability
Introduction of EHM standards
 Regional approach
Financing
 Cash
• GEF/UNIDO (1 mil. USD)
• MCIT (275,000 USD for Akaki)
• International partners (190,000 USD)
− US-EPA, Nokia, Cascade Asset Recycling,
− In-kind contributions
• (MCIT, E-EPA, StEP/UNU, US-EPA, Nokia, Cascade, Dell,
…)
Policy Alignment
UNIDO
Supervises
Reports
Approves
Reports
Informs
NC
+ Team
IPC
Chair:
StEP
E-waste Activities
in Eastern Africa
AG
Exchange
Ethiopian
E-waste Management
Project
Exchange
GEF
Exchange
Supports
National Ewaste
Stakeholder
Forum
Approves
Chair:
MCIT and E-EPA
SC
Contributes
IMC
Stakeholder
Group (Optional)
Status
 International and National Coordinator selected
 Steering Committee and Advisory Group in place
 Works will be started in April
 First Task:
Identification and assessment of downstream
markets
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Elisabeth Herbeck
UNIDO