Transcript Document

GEF Action on Water
Transboundary Freshwater
Basins, Aquifers and Marine
Ecosystems
Major Threats to International
Waters-Transboundary Systems
• Degradation of Water Quality
• Habitat Destruction-excessive withdrawals, wetland
conversion, dam releases
• Overexploitation of Fish/Living Resources
• Land Degradation/Sedimentation
• Introduced Species– ship ballast water, fish, cholera,
red tide organisms
• Groundwater Quality, Quantity, Recharge Areas
• Balancing Basin Uses/Conflicts
IW Conventions and Programs of Action
• Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (1971)
• International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution
from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978
(MARPOL 73/78)
• The Nairobi, Abidjan, Barcelona, Bucharest, Cartagena,
Jeddah, Kuwait, Lima, Noumea, Guatemala Conventions
(UNEP Regional Seas Programme - 1974-2002)
• Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution
of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (1979)
• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS - 1982)
• Bellagio Draft Agreement Concerning the Use of
Transboundary Groundwaters (1987)
• UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC 1991)
IW Conventions andPrograms of Action
• UN Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD - 1992)
• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD - 1994)
• Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable
Development of Small Island States (1994)
• UN Agreement on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly
Migratory Fish Stocks (1995)
• Global Programme of Action (GPA) for the Protection of
the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities
(1995)
• Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biodiversity
(1995)
• UN Convention on Non-Navigational Uses of International
Watercourses (1997)
• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
(POPs - 2001)
35
GEF support to international
agreements (#of projects)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
GPA
CBD
Reg.Conv. S.Stocks
CIW
Ramsar
MARPOL
CCD
FCCC
POPs
SIDS
Bellagio
GEF Comprehensive,EcosystemBased Approach to IW
• The goal: Maintaining the integrity of ecosystems and of the
services they provide. The GEF Strategy:
• Promotes Actions To Address the Multiple Concerns Facing
Transboundary Systems that Focus on Changing the Way Human
Activities are Conducted in Different Economic Sectors: (a)
policy, legal, and institutional reforms nationally and regionally &
(b) investments.
• Helps Governments to Balance Competing Uses, and encourages
moving from sectoral (supply, sanitation, irrigation; freshwater
basins Vs coastal zones, etc.) to cross-sectoral integrated
approaches to water management.
• Promotes coordination among donors and the leveraging of
Partner Programs.
GEF Operational Strategy For IW
• Foundational Work: Support for Initial Strategic
Capacity Building For Multicountry Basinspecific or Marine Ecosystem-specific
Collaboration – creation of inter-ministerial
committees; transboundary diagnostic (TDA),
agreement on a Strategic Action Program (SAP)
• Stress Reduction Measures: based on an agreed
SAP, GEF may support a “SAP Implementation
Project”, including national reforms,
demonstration investments for transboundary
priorities, regional institution-building
Key Elements of Foundational Work
in Multi-country Water-bodies
• Establishment of National and Multi-country Interministerial
Committees as main decision making bodies
• Achievemnet of informed consensus among riparian/littoral countries
through a science based Analysis of Transboundary Water Concerns
(TDA): identify problems and their causes, (discriminating domestic
versus transboundary); identify possible solutions.
• Agreement on Actions: inter-ministerial committees agree on what
reforms and investments, needed to solve transboundary concerns
nationally and regionally, they are willing to undertake and
governments formally adopt a Strategic Action Program.
Stress Reduction Measures:
the GEF Role
• GEF will facilitate changes in behaviors through reforms
(policies, laws, institutions) at the local, national and
regional levels.
• GEF will help leverage investments for on the ground
interventions through strategic partnerships.
• GEF will support projects that will demonstrate on the
ground the beneficial impacts of new approaches and
technologies.
• GEF will strengthen regional institutions and processes.
Process Indicators
GEF International Waters
Strategy and Indicators
Stress Reduction Indicators
Environmental Status Indicators
Foundational Work:
Capacity building
Establishment of processes
Identification
of Causes and Solutions
Agreement on Action Programs
Stress Reduction Measures
Implementation of
Strategic Action Programs:
Legal, policy and
Institutional reforms
Investments
Demonstrations
Agreement on
Targets
Long Term
Monitoring
GEF International Waters Projects - May 2003
IW projects in Africa
IW projects in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
IW projects in East Asia
IW projects in Central America and the Caribbean
IW projects in South America
more information?
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www.thegef.org
IW-LEARN is a GEF Project