Transcript Types of Childhood Disabilities and Other Special Needs

Types of Childhood Disabilities
and Other Special Needs
Autistic Spectrum
Disorders
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Epilepsy
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Learning Disability
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ADD/ADHD
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Mental Retardation
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Visual Impairments and
Blindness
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Speech and Language
Impairment
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Cerebral Palsy
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Spina Bifida
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Hearing Loss and Deafness
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Traumatic Brain Injury
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Down Syndrome
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Emotional Disturbance
Severe and/or Multiple
Disabilities
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AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS
(Language and Social and Emotional Development)
Autism is a neurologically based Pervasive
Developmental Disorder that is usually evident by age
three and varies from low to high functioning.
It affects a child’s ability to communicate, understand
language, play and relate to others.
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ADD/ADHD
(Multiple Areas of Development)
ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that causes
developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention,
hyperactivity and impulsivity.
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BLINDNESS AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS
(Sensory Development)
Including partially sighted, low vision, legally blind
and totally blind.
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CEREBRAL PALSY
(Motor Development)
A condition caused by injury to the parts of the brain
that control our ability to use our muscles and bodies.
Cerebral means having to do with the brain. Palsy
means weakness or problems with using the muscles.
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DEAFNESS AND HEARING LOSS
(Sensory Development)
Hearing Loss is an impairment in hearing, whether
permanent or fluctuating. Deafness is a condition that
prevents an individual from receiving sound in all or
most of its forms.
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DOWN SYNDROME
(Multiple Areas of Development)
Down Syndrome is the most common and readily
identifiable chromosomal condition associated with
mental retardation.
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EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE
(Social and Emotional Development)
A term used to describe children with emotional,
behavioral or mental disorders, like depression and
unsocialized aggression problems.
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EPILEPSY
(Multiple Areas of Development)
A physical condition that occurs when there is a
sudden, brief change in how the brain works affecting
a person’s consciousness, movement or actions.
These physical changes are called epileptic seizures.
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LEARNING DISABILITY
(Cognitive and Language Development)
A general term that describes specific kinds of
learning problems. The skills most often affected are:
reading, writing, listening, speaking, reasoning, and
math.
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MENTAL RETARDATION
(Multiple Areas of Development)
A term used when a child has limitations in mental
functioning and in skills such as communicating,
taking care of him or herself and social skills.
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SPEECH AND LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT
(Language and Social and Emotional Development)
Speech and language disorders refer to problems in
communication and related areas such as oral motor
function.
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SPINA BIFIDA
(Motor Development)
Spina Bifida means cleft spine, which is an incomplete
closure in the spinal column causing muscle weakness
or paralysis.
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TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
(Multiple Areas of Development)
A traumatic brain injury is an injury to the brain,
which affects how the person acts, moves, thinks and
learns.
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SEVERE AND/OR MULTIPLE DISABILITIES
(Multiple Areas of Development)
People with sever disabilities are those who
traditionally have severe to profound mental
retardation, as well as additional disabilities, including
movement difficulties, sensory losses, and behavior
problems.
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Life Situations That Can Produce
Developmental Delays or Regressions
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Child Abuse
Death in Family
Divorce
Cultural Practices
Gang Violence
Home Language Environment
Natural Disasters
Terrorism
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