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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Rubberwood preservation by
friendly preservatives
Mingliang Jiang, Zhijun Wang
Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese
Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
Dec 8-10, 2008
Haikou, China
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Brief introduction of wood and rubberwood
preservation
Treatment specification and quality control
Laboratory test of Antistain and Antimold
Formulations on rebberwood (ITTO 1996-1998)
Laboratory test of Antistain and Antimold
Formulations (2003-2007)
Technical report of vacuum pressure treatment by
NaPCP free preservative during 2006-2007
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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1 Brief introduction of wood and
rubberwood (RW) preservation
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Wood preservation in China
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Railway sleeper by creosote
Exterior uses treated by CCA/ACQ/CuAz
Indoor uses of rubberwood by boron
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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ACQ treated Chinese fir for exterior use, Anhui, 2006
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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RW Preservation in China
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Began on 1970’s
Today mainly by vacuum/pressure process
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Sawing of rubberwood
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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The rubberwood treated
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Some facts on RW preservation:
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The rubberwood timber production in China is
about 0.4 millionM3 /a in the recent years
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100 rubberwood treating plants in China
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The RW timber mainly used for furniture making
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RW primary products: timber, particleboard,
plywood
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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2 Treatment specification and quality
control
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Specification for the treated wood:LY/T1636-2005
Specification for the treated rubberwood:
 No specific standard currently
 Usually adopt 0.4 % BAE (Malaysia for wood)
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 Ref: LY/T1636-2005(wood for C1: 2.8kg/m B2O3)
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Penetration check
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Solution for checking boron
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Drying rubberwood, Red-Present of boron;
Yellow- without boron
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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No spraying
Fresh treated
rubberwood spraying
with reagent
solution
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Retention determination
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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By chemical analysis of boron:Titration,ICP
etc
Retention calculation by treating record
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Treating record for each charge at Lezhong Wood
Factory, Hainan
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
3 Laboratory test of Antistain and
Antimold Formulations (1996-1998)
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3.1 Experimental methods
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Rubberwood sample size: 50×20×1 mm,
maple 40×20×3 mm.
Fungicidal formulations for stain control: F1,
F2: chlorothalonil/carbendizam fungicides.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Ranking Standard
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1 - Clean: stain or mold covering less than 5%
upper surface.
2 - Light stain: stain or mold covering 5 -20%
upper surface.
3 - Moderate stain: stain or mold covering 20-40
% upper surface.
4 - Heavy stain: stain or mold covering more than
40% upper surface.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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3.2 Results
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Table 1. Comparison of the effectiveness of anti-sapstain
treatments against Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. on rubberwood
Anti-sapstain Treatment
Average
Std
Untreated Control
4.0 0.0
0.25%NaPCP
4.0 0.0
0.5%NaPCP
3.0 0.0
1%NaPCP
3.0 0.0
1.0%F1（F）
3.0 0.0
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
0.20%F2
2.0 0.0
0.40%F2
1.0 0.0
0.5%F1（E）+0.10%F2
1.0 0.0
0.5%F1（E）+0.20%F2
1.0 0.0
0.5%F1（F）+0.05%F2
1.0 0.0
0.5%F1（F）+0.10%F2
1.0 0.0
0.5%F1（F）+0.20%F2
1.0 0.0
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Conclusion for 3
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The formulations containing 0.05-0.2% F2, mixed
with 0.5%F1 or 0.40%F2 alone are effectiveness for
controlling Botryodiplodia theobromae in lab test.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
4 Laboratory test of Antistain and
Antimold Formulations (2003-2007)
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4.1 Experimental methods
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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4.1.1 Fungal species and their
characteristic
Five fungal species were identified as：
Bt: Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.,
Fv: Fusarium verticillioides(Sacc.)Nirenberg,
Th: Trichoderma harzianum Rifai,
Tv: Trichoderma viride Pers.,
Pp: Penicillium purpurogenum Stoll.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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4.1.2 Fungicides for the test
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Table 2: Fungicidal formulations for the stain control test
Formulations
Common name
Formulation
types
CTL
Chlorothalonil
Emulsion
CBZ
Carbendazim
50% wetable
power
Benomyl
Benomyl
50% wetable
power
BAC
Dodecyl dimethyl benzyl
ammonium chloride
Water solution
Cu-8
Copper oxine
Acetic acid
solution
DDAC
Didecyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride
Water solution
PPZ
Propiconazole
Emulsion
TEB
Tebuconazole
Emulsion
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
4.1.3 Method for stain control
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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4.2 Results
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Table 3: Result of the stain control test
Formulations
CBZ
Concentrations of a. i.
Bt
0.001%
36.6
0.005%
39.2
0.010%
40.1
0.02%
40.6
0.10%
41.2
0.20%
43.6
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Contd
Formulations
benomyl
Concentrations
of a. i.
Bt
0.001%
32.4
0.005%
35.5
0.010%
37.0
0.02%
38.1
0.10%
40.7
0.20%
50.6
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Contd
Formulations
CBZ+Cu-8
Concentrations
of a. i.
Bt
0.01%+0.01%
21.4
0.01%+0.05%
22.3
0.01%+0.1%
23.8
0.1%+0.2%
42.3
0.1%+0.5%
47.2
0.2%+0.5%
59.7
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Contd
Formulations
Benomyl+Cu-8
Concentrations
of a. i.
Bt
0.005%+0.01%
42.7
0.01%+0.01%
43.1
0.02%+0.01%
46.1
0.02%+0.02%
48.9
0.1%+0.02%
50.4
0.2%+0.08%
52.9
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Conclusion for 4
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Some formulations containing CBZ,
Benomyl, Cu-8 have excellent
effectiveness for the controlling of
Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
5 Technical report of vacuum pressure
treatment by NaPCP free preservative
during 2006-2007
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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5.1 Materials and method
5.1.1 Materials
Fresh rubberwood timber.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
5.1.2 Preservatives
Formulatio Boric acid Borax
ns
Site 1
Site 2
0.50
1.00
F2
1.00
0.0350.045
0.20
0.0350.050
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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5.1.3 Test sites and treating procedure
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Vacuum pressure treatment was used in the following
procedure.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Site 1：Lezhong Wood Factory, Hainan Nongken
Wood Co，duration：Aug 3, 2006– May 31, 2007.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Site 1: Schedule for the rubberwood Vacuum / Pressure
treatment
Phase
Vacuum / Pressure (Mpa)
Duration (min)
Initial vacuum
0.02
15
Pressure
1.2
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Final vacuum
0.015
10
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Fungicide F2 for stain control made in Jiangsu, China
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Tank for preparation of treating solution at
Lezhong wood plant
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Control panal
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Site 2： Cangjiang Wood Plant, Xishuangbanna,
Yunnan Province. duration：July 24, 2006– Oct
31, 2006.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Site2: Schedule for the rubberwood Vacuum /
Pressure treatment
Phase
Vacuum / Pressure (Mpa) Duration (min)
Initial vacuum
0.02
15
Pressure
1.1
60
Final vacuum
0.02
10
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Tank for preparation of treating solution in
Cangjiang wood plant, Yunnan
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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RW timber before treatment
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Air drying after treatment prior to kiln
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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5.2 Results
This field demonstration indicated that F2
could prevent the treated timber for 15-20
days from stain and mold during air drying.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
Conclusion for 5
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Fungicide carbendazim (F2) can be used for
stain and mold control instead of NaPCP.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Related publications of this RW project:
Mingliang Jiang, Terry L. Highley, Leslie Ferge, Thomas L. Woods.
Laboratory Evaluation of Chrolothalonil Formulation for Stain and
Mold Control on Rubberwood and Maple, International Research
Group on Wood Preservation, IRG/WP 98-30175. 29th IRG,
Maastricht, Netherlands, June 14-19, 1998.
Mingliang Jiang. Polit test of antisapstain and mold formulations
on rubberwood, China Wood Industry (Chinese), 2001,2
Mingliang Jiang. China Wood Industry (Chinese), 1998,
12(3).
Mingliang Jiang. Current Research Situation of the New Wood
Preservative Chlorothalonil, China Wood Industry, 1997,11(4),
21-22.
Xiuying Liu, Mingliang Jiang. Currently Situation of Rubberwood
Processing and Utilization Technology in China, China Wood
Industry, 1997, 11(5), 6-8.
Mingliang Jiang et al. Overview on Rubberwood Preservation
Technology, China Wood Industry, 1996, 10(6), 22-24.
ITTO technical report: Currently Situation of Rubberwood
Processing and Utilization Technology in China, CRIWI, Beijing,
1995.
Mingliang Jiang et al. Laboratory test of blue stain control by
chemicals, IRG 07-30430
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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The support and cooperation of
Lezhong and Cangjiang wood plant for
the field treatment are much
appreciated.
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WOOD INDUSTRY (CRIWI), CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY (CAF)
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Thanks for your attention!
wish you have a nice stay during the
workshop and visiting tour around the
Island.
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