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Communications

All Optical Switching Fabrics Tripole Antennae

Tripling the capacity of wireless communications using electromagnetic polarization MICHAEL R. ANDREWS, PARTHA P. MITRA, ROBERT DECARVALHO Nature 409, 316-318 (18 January 2001)

I] Photonic Communications

-All Optical Switching Fabrics -Hybrid Devices -Micro-Photonics -MEMS Devices -Quantum Communications Question: In the last 5 years there has been ~$40B expended on photonics. How do we profit from that?

II] Wireless

-Increasing Bandwidth of Networks -Self Assembly Networks (Hyphos) -Personal Area Networks / Wearables -Rural Communications (Indore) -Submarine Communications -Satellite Communications How do we deploy cheaply?

http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/realtime/JTrack/

http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/cables.html

Aug. 2000 2.8 M subscribers

TAT-14

Segments K3, K2, K1N, L & G

(Updated 31 August 2000, Sprint)

TyCom Translantic

(Entered 10 April 2001, TyCom) Under Construction: RFS October 2000

Manasquan, NJ USA -- Tuckerton, NJ USA --Bude, UK –

Maintenance Authorities: Concert & Sprint

Total TAT-14 length 15,428 km at 16 x 10 Gb/s SDH.

Planned RFS: July 2001

Ring system with a maximum capacity of 2.56 Tb/s. Segment 1 Avon, New Jersey USA - Brean, UK (6450km) Segment 2 Manasquan, New Jersey, USA - Saunton Sands, UK

Maintenance Authority: TyCom

( 6485km)

Bell Photophone 1880 http://histv2.free.fr/bell/bell8.htm

All Optical Switching

http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=9016 http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?site=lightreading&doc_id=2254

MAC (media access control)

Sonet/SDH crossconnects

- Photonics

http://jdj.mit.edu/photons/bends.html

Bragg's Law n l = 2d sin q (1)

http://www.memgen.com/

http://www.memgen.com

Figure 1

: Process flow for the fabrication of a single two-material layer. The process includes (a) a patterned electrodeposition of a first material using an Instant Mask™, (b) a blanket electrodeposition of a second material, and (c) a planarization step Founders Funding What’s Interesting Adam Cohen, Veteran of 3D Printing Inductsry, F Cube, 3D Systems Dynafund, DFJ New Manufacturing Technology

http://www.nanoopto.com/

http://www.nanoopto.com

Founders Funding What’s Interesting Stephen Chou, Princeton Bessemer, Morganthaler $16 M NanoImprint Lithography – 10 nm structures applied to passive optical structures

http://www.vislab.usyd.edu.au/education/sv3/2000/jean/theory.html

MOEMS

http://www.sandia.gov/mems/micromachine/movies6.html

http://www.memx.org/image_gallery.htm

http://www.iridigm.com/ Founders Funding What’s Interesting Mark Miles $13 M

http://www.siliconlight.com

Founders Funding What’s Interesting David Bloom, Stanford Purchased by Cypress $200M ns Switching speeds

SEED - Self Electrooptic Effect Devices David Miller, Bell Labs, Lucent

Solitons

John Scott Russell and the solitary wave 1834

Over one hundred and fifty years ago, while conducting experiments to determine the most efficient design for canal boats, a young Scottish engineer named John Scott Russell (1808-1882) made a remarkable scientific discovery. As he described it in his "Report on Waves": (Report of the fourteenth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, York, September 1844 (London 1845), pp 311-390, Plates XLVII-LVII).

``I was observing the motion of a boat which was rapidly drawn along a narrow channel by a pair of horses, when the boat suddenly stopped - not so the mass of water in the channel which it had put in motion; it accumulated round the prow of the vessel in a state of violent agitation, then suddenly leaving it behind, rolled forward with great velocity, assuming the form of a large solitary elevation, a rounded, smooth and well-defined heap of water, which continued its course along the channel apparently without change of form or diminution of speed. I followed it on horseback, and overtook it still rolling on at a rate of some eight or nine miles an hour, preserving its original figure some thirty feet long and a foot to a foot and a half in height. Its height gradually diminished, and after a chase of one or two miles I lost it in the windings of the channel. Such, in the month of August 1834, was my first chance interview with that singular and beautiful phenomenon which I have called the Wave of Translation''.

http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/solitons/

FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1992

Bell Labs researchers set new soliton transmission record

SAN JOSE, Calif. – AT&T Bell Laboratories scientists have demonstrated error-free transmission of solitons (light pulses that maintain their shape over long distances) at 5 gigabits (billion bits) per second over 15,000 kilometers and at 10 gigabits over 11,000 kilometers . (See note below for information about Bell Labs.) A research team led by physicist Linn Mollenauer, of the Bell Labs Photonic Circuits Research department, used time division multiplexing (interleaving bits of information from one stream of data into the spaces of another) to upgrade a 2.5-gigabit signal to 5 gigabits and then used wavelength-division multiplexing (transmitting data on two wavelengths, or colors, of light) to reach 10 gigabits. They used a recirculating loop of fiber to transmit the signals. "A number of technical issues need to be resolved before we'll know when this technology might be deployed," said Peter Runge, head of Undersea Lightwave System Implementation department, "but it's exciting. The research team working on this project has made an enormous contribution to furthering lightwave communication technology." Mollenauer and colleagues E. Lichtman and Michael Neubelt, with George Harvey of the Test and Diagnostics department and Bruce Nyman of the Undersea Lightwave System Implementation department, announced their results today in a post-deadline paper presented here at the Conference on Optical Fiber Communication. The week-long conference, attended by some 5,000 scientists from around the world, is sponsored by the Optical Society of America and the Lasers and Electro-optics Society and Communications Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

http://users.utu.fi/hietarin/dromions/nls1d.mpg

http://www.blueneptune.com/~xmwang/javappl/solitonWv.html

http://www.corvis.com/ All Optical Switching Fabrics

http://www.solitoncomm.com/whatsolitonJ.htm

Algety, Solistis and PhotonEx

•Quantum Teleportation •Quantum Dense Coding •Quantum Crypto

Quantum Communications

Bennet et.al. Phys. Rev. Lett. (1992) 69 2881).

http://www.uibk.ac.at/c/c7/c704/qo/photon/_qdc/ http://www.qubit.org/intros/comm/comm.html

http://www.cordis.lu/ist/fetqipc.htm

http://eve.physics.ox.ac.uk/NewWeb/Research/communication/communication.html

http://www.ee.ucla.edu/~quantum/kmvgs/spincoherent.pdf

http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/who/rob/qcintro.pdf

Wireless

Tripling the capacity of wireless communications using electromagnetic polarization MICHAEL R. ANDREWS, PARTHA P. MITRA, ROBERT DECARVALHO Nature 409, 316-318 (18 January 2001)

Self Organizing Wireless Networks http://www.media.mit.edu/pia/Research/Hyphos/

http://www.ember.com/

Imagine the internet for small things...

Imagine a vineyard where every vine reports sunlight, temperature, and moisture every hour of the day. Or a city in which each street lamp monitors the passage of each bus, shuttling the information ahead to waiting passengers. Ember Corporation, a startup out of the MIT Media Lab, is making the "internet for small things", creating extremely low-cost, wireless "thing to thing" networks for the countless embedded processors, sensors and controls that populate our planet.

OTHER Submarine Communications http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/projects/SUBCOMM/ The ELF system, which became operational in 1989, uses two transmitting antennas, one in Wisconsin and one in Michigan. The two sites must operate simultaneously to meet worldwide coverage requirements. Each antenna looks like a power line, mounted on wooden poles. The Wisconsin antenna consists of two lines, each about 14 miles long. The Michigan antenna uses three lines, two about 14 miles long and one about 28 miles long. Each site has a transmitter building near the antenna. The transmitter facility in Michigan uses about six acres of land and the one in Wisconsin about two acres. The operating frequency is 76 Hz.

H IGH FREQUENCY A CTIVE A URORAL R ESEARCH P ROGRAM

http://w3.nrl.navy.mil/projects/haarp/elfhrp.html

3.6 MW

Personal Area Network

http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/user/pan/pan.html

2400-baud modem

Ghandoot Project Indore, India Photo: J. Jacobson

Photo: J. Jacobson

What Its All About . . .